KeyMan IPA Keyboard, FindPhone Keying
M. Hosken and D. Bevan
Version 1.2, 20 February 1995
Introduction
The Tavultesoft Keyboard Manager IPA Keyboard enables you to access the characters in the SIL Encore IPA fonts under Microsoft Windows using the popular “FindPhone” keying system. The keyboard automatically selects the correct variant of a diacritic (e.g. “o-width” or “i-width”, etc.) for a particular base character so that you don’t have to worry about choosing the right one.
Pressing a valid key always produces a character on the screen. Pressing an invalid key causes your computer to beep.
Accessing Base Characters
In the FindPhone keying system, the basic IPA characters are entered by typing a letter, a ? or a ! possibly followed by one of <, =, or >. Characters whose appearance is similar to a particular letter of the alphabet have a key sequence beginning with that letter. This makes the key sequences easier to remember. Here is a sample:

KEYS:	n	n<	n=	n>	N or N=	

CHARACTER:	n	÷	ø	N	²	
There is some consistency in the assignment of key sequences to characters. For example, all the retroflex consonants have a key sequence with <, and all the implosive consonants have a key sequence with >.
For specific characters, please refer to the IPA Charts or the Keying Charts.
Using Diacritics
Diacritics that are represented by a superscripted character are entered by typing a ^ after entering the character. For example, to enter the diacritic for palatalization ( J ), you type j^.
Most other diacritics are entered by typing a punctuation key one or more times. For example, to enter the diacritic for nasalization (  )), you type ~, and to enter the ejective diacritic ( ' ), you type ]].
The keyboard requires that if you want a subscript diacritic and a superscript diacritic on the same character, then you must enter the subscript diacritic first.
The keyboard prevents you from entering more than one subscript diacritic or more than superscript diacritic on the same base character since they would overlap and not be readable. If you do want two diacritics in the same place, move the cursor (e.g. press left then right) before entering the second one.
When you enter a diacritic, the keyboard automatically chooses either the “o-width” or the “i-width” character, depending on the width of the base character. In the case of the “advanced” diacritic, it also chooses the lowered version if the base character descends below the base line.
If you enter a superscript diacritic above a base character with a dot, the dot is removed. If you delete the diacritic by pressing bksp the dot is reinstated.
If you enter the “velarized or pharyngealized” diacritic after an “ell”, then the two will be combined into the “dark ell” character (201). If you enter the diacritic for rhoticity after a “schwa”, then the two will be combined into the “rhotacized schwa” character (212).
Using Diacritical Tone Marks and Tone Letters
Superscript diacritical tone marks are entered by typing @ followed by one or two digits. Tone letters are entered by typing # followed by one or two digits.
The keyboard requires that you enter a diacritical tone mark on a character only after you have entered any subscript or superscript diacritics.
When you enter a diacritical tone mark, the keyboard automatically chooses one of the four versions (“o-width” or “i-width”, “normal” or “raised”), depending on the width and height of the base character and whether any superscript diacritics are present.
Keying Order
As mentioned above, elements of a phone must be keyed in the following order:
BASE CHARACTER	SUBSCRIPT DIACRITIC	SUPERSCRIPT DIACRITIC	DIACRITICAL TONE MARK	FOLLOWING DIACRITICS	
The IPA Charts and Keying Charts
The IPA Charts show the key sequences to the right of the character displayed in standard IPA charts. These should be useful to linguists. The Keying Charts show the characters arranged according to their key sequences. These should be more suitable to non-linguists.
Differences from FindPhone
Due to differences between the characters available in the SIL Encore IPA fonts and those in the fonts distributed with FindPhone, the IPA keyboard does not behave identically to FindPhone.
CHANGES
The diacritic for rhoticity has the key sequence [[, not [[[.
The preferred key sequence for the tie bar is #&, not @&. In some circumstances @& does not work correctly.
Only the standard subscript versions of the advanced, retracted, raised, lowered, +ATR and –ATR diacritics are available. They are keyed using the plus and minus keys without the alt key as are the more rounded and less rounded diacritics.
The additional key sequences for the raised versions of the diacritical tone marks are no longer necessary, although they can be used if required.
Since uppercase letters are not available, pressing an uppercase key immediately displays one of the possible IPA characters. It is then not necessary to type the <, = or >.
ADDITIONS
The non-IPA “angstrom” diacritic is available with key sequence @ or " " " ".
The Encore IPA tiny space character (202) is available with key sequence #.
Tone letters are available with key sequences consisting of a # followed by one or two digits.
DELETIONS
The non-IPA symbol for a bilabial approximant (“cursive w”) is not available.
The non-IPA diacritics for voiced aspiration (“superscript hooktop h”) and light aspiration (“reversed apostrophe”) are not available.
Superscript vowels and nasals (except n) are not available.
The raised version of the nasal diacritic is not available.
Not all the diacritical tone marks are available.
Superscript pitch numbers and pitch contours are not available.
Uppercase letters and other non-IPA ASCII characters (except comma, [, \ and ]) are not available.
Special FindPhone search symbols are not available.

IPA Charts

Consonants
	Bilabial		Labiodental		Dental		Alveolar		Postalveolar		Retroflex		Palatal		Velar		Uvular		Pharyngeal		Glottal		
Plosive	p	p					t	t			ÿ	t<	c	c	k	k	q	q			/	?=	
	b	b					d	d			ê	d<	ï	j=	g	g	G	G=					
Nasal	m	m	M	m>			n	n			÷	n<	ø	n=	N	n>	²	N=					
Trill	õ	B=					r	r									{	R=					
Flap							R	r>			}	r<											
Fricative	¸	f=	f	f	T	t=	s	s	S	s=	§	s<	C	c=	x	x	X	x=	ð	h>	h	h	
	B	b=	v	v	D	d=	z	z	Z	z=	½	z<	Æ	j<	Ä	g=	Ò	R>	Ö	?<	ú	h<	
Lateral fricative							Â	l=															
							L	l>															
Approximant			V	v=			¨	r=			Ó	R<	j	j	å	w>							
Lateral approximant							l	l			ñ	l<	´	L<	;	L=							
Implosive	¹	p>						t>1					‚	c>	û	k>	Ï	q>					
	º	b>					ë	d>					×	j>	©	g>	ý	G>					

Other Symbols
ã	w=	Voiceless labial-velar approximant	‡	p=	Bilabial click	
w	w	Voiced labial-velar approximant	Ž	!<	Dental click	
ç	h=	Voiced labial-palatal approximant	—	!	(Post-)alveolar click	
þ	c<	Voiceless alveolopalatal fricative	œ	!=	Palatoalveolar click	
ü	z>	Voiced alveolopalatal fricative	’	!>	Alveolar lateral click	
î	H>	Simultaneous S and x	?	Q=	Voiced epiglottal plosive	
}	L>	Voiced alveolar lateral flap	K	H=	Voiceless epiglottal fricative	
			À	Q<	Voiced epiglottal fricative	

Vowels
	Front				Central				Back				
	Unrounded		Rounded		Unrounded		Rounded		Unrounded		Rounded		
Close	i	i	y	y	ö	I=	¬	U=	µ	u=	u	u	
Near-close	I	i=	Y	y=							U	u<		
Close-mid	e	e	O	o>					F	O>	o	o	
Mid					«	e=	P	O=					
					Î	e>							
Open-mid	E	e<	¿	E<					Ã	u>	�	o<	
Near-open	Q	a<			Œ	a>							
Open	a	a	¯	E>					A	a=	�	o=	

1	This does not work correctly with Microsoft Word for Windows. You can enter this character by using the Insert Symbol command.

Diacritics
kH	h^	Aspirated		t5	{	Dental	
tW	w^	Labialized		d°	{{	Apical	
tJ	j^	Palatalized		t6	{{{	Laminal	
lì	g=^	Velarized		dÑ	{{{{	Linguo-labial	
t³	?<^	Pharyngealized		e_	"	Centralized	
k<	n^	Nasal release or Prenasalized		e~	" "	Mid-centralized	
t:	l^	Lateral release		u+	+	Advanced1	
e)	~	Nasalized		i­	–	Retracted1	
É	~ ~	Velarized or Pharyngealized		e3	+ +	Raised1	
eÕ	[[	Rhoticity1		e4	– –	Lowered1	
t'	]]	Ejective		e1	+ + +	+ATR1	
t|	]]]	No audible release		e2	– – –	–ATR1	
n`	$	Syllabic		e¦	+ + + +	More rounded1	
a9	$$	Non-syllabic		e7	– – – –	Less rounded1	
a0	$$$	Creaky voiced		kƒp	#&, @&	Double articulation or Affricate1	
n8	%	Voiceless					
s¤	%%	Voiced					
s-	%%%	Breathy voiced					

Suprasegmentals
È	}	Primary stress	
Ç	}}	Secondary stress	
eù	:	Long	
e>	::	Half-long	
eùù	:::	Extra-long	
e(	" " "	Extra-short	
.	.	Syllable break	
–	.<	Minor (foot) group	
„	.=	Major (intonation) group	
í	#==	Linking (absence of a break)	
›	#<	Downstep	
 ‹	#>	Upstep	
Í	#<< 	Falling intonation	
Ì	#>> 	Rising intonation	

Non-IPA Characters
,	,	Comma	
[	[	Left bracket	
\	\	Backslash	
]	]	Right bracket	
TINY SPACE	#	Tiny space2	
e*	@, " " " "	Angstrom2	

Diacritical Tone Marks
e%	@0	Extra-low tone	
e$	@1	Low tone	
e#	@2	Mid tone	
e@	@3	High tone	
e!	@4	Extra-high tone	
e&	@13	Rising tone	
e^	@31	Falling tone	

Tone Letters
Ÿ	#0	Extra low tone2	
š	#1	Low tone2	
•	#2	Mid tone2	
‘	#3	High tone2	
Š	#4	Extra high tone2	
è	#04	Rising tone2	
†	#40	Falling tone2	
€	#02	Low rising tone2	
Ù	#20	Low falling tone2	
…	#42	High falling tone2	
Ø	#24	High rising tone2	

1	The keying here differs from FindPhone.
2	FindPhone does not support this character.

Keying Charts

Basic Key Sequences with <, =, > and ^.

	FOLLOWED BY			FOLLOWED BY	
KEY	UNMODIFIED	<	=	>	^		KEY	UNMODIFIED	<	=	>	
a	a	Q	A	Œ			A					
b	b		B	º			B	õ		õ		
c	c	þ	C	‚			C					
d	d	ê	D	ë			D					
e	e	E	«	Î			E	¯	¿		¯	
f	f		¸				F					
g	g		Ä	©			G	G		G	ý	
h	h	ú	ç	ð	H		H	K		K	î	
i	i		I				I	ö		ö		
j	j	Æ	ï	×	J		J					
k	k			û			K					
l	l	ñ	Â	L	:		L	;	´	;	ä	
m	m			M			M					
n	n	÷	ø	N	<		N	²		²		
o	o	�	�	O			O	P		P	F	
p	p		‡	¹			P					
q	q			Ï			Q	?	À	?		
r	r	}	¨	R			R	{	Ó	{	Ò	
s	s	§	S				S					
t	t	ÿ	T				T					
u	u	U	µ	Ã			U	¬		¬		
v	v		V				V					
w	w		ã	å	W		W					
x	x		X				X					
y	y		Y				Y					
z	z	½	Z	ü			Z					
!	—	Ž	œ	’			?	/	Ö	/		
#	TINY
SPACE	›	í	‹			.	.	–	„		

Diacritical Tone Marks and Tone Letters
		Other Diacritics	
	FOLLOWED BY			REPEATED	
KEY(S)	0	1	2	3	4		KEY	ONCE	TWICE	THREE TIMES	FOUR
TIMES	
@	%	$	#	@	!		"	_	~	(	*	
@0	�				ô		$	`	9	0		
@1		˜		&			%	8	¤	-		
@2			“				+	+	3	1	¦	
@3		^		�			–	=	4	2	7	
@4	é				ˆ		:	ù	>	ùù		
#	Ÿ	š	•	‘	Š		@	*				
#0			€		è		[	[	Õ			
#2	Ù				Ø		]	]	'	|		
#4	†		…				{	5	°	6	Ñ	
							}	È	Ç			
							~	)	ò			

Additional Key Sequences

	KEYS	CHARACTER		KEYS	CHARACTER		KEYS	CHARACTER		KEY	CHARACTER	
	g=^	ì		#<<	Í		#&	ƒ		,	,	
	?<^	³		#==	í		@&	ƒ		[	[	
				#>>	Ì					\	\	
										]	]