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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<?xml-stylesheet href='../nahuatl/search_result_newest.xsl' type='text/xsl'?><resultset num_results='11' page='1'>
<template_type>standard</template_type>
<search_string>cho:?k</search_string>
<refgroup>
<ref>00052</ref>
<lxam>a:ichwia</lxam>
<lxam_alt>a:wichwia</lxam_alt>
<lxam_c>ka:ichwia</lxam_c>
<lxoa>&#225;:wichw&#237;a</lxoa>
<lxoa_pr>&#225;:wichwia</lxoa_pr>
<lxoa_c>k&#225;:wichw&#237;a</lxoa_c>
<lxoa_f>'cho: ka</lxoa_f>
<lxgen>chchch</lxgen>
<lxvar>Atlia</lxvar>
<dt>21/Feb/2006</dt>
<lx_te>No</lx_te>
<psm>V2</psm>
<der>V2-d-wia</der>
<infv>class-2a</infv>
<lexical>Reduced rdp-s</lexical>
<pitch>yes-rdp</pitch>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>to sprinkle with water (e.g., flowers or other plants, an earthen floor to harden it or keep it from becoming overly dusty)</sense_e>
<sense_s>rociar con agua (p. ej., flores u otra plantas, un piso de tierra para amacizarlo o evitar que se levente el polvo)</sense_s>
<sense_d>Am, Oa</sense_d>
</sense_egroup>
<src_s>CF Am 901/02:05</src_s>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>Dya: kwa:k kona:te:kian tikito:s,&quot;Xka:ichwi!&quot; K&#243;:n tiktsi:ntepolketsas motso:tsokol noso mokube:tah dya un na:nkah moma 'ki xchi:wilito. Para ma:ka... ma tsikwi:ni a:tl, tikito:s tika:ichwia.</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<snd_am>00052_01_am</snd_am>
<src_p>Cristino Flores: 00001_00050_CF_AM_mono_pitch_correction_x2.wav /</src_p>
<phrase_e>And when they (flowers) are watered, you'd say,&quot;Sprinkle water on them!&quot;You turn your water jug or bucket upside down like this and with that arm you do like this to it, so that it doesn't... so that the water skips out, you'll that that your are sprinkling them</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>Y cuando se rocian vas a decir,&quot;Rociales agua!&quot;As&#237;pones tu c&#225;ntaro o cubeta boca abajo as&#237;y con este mano as&#237;le haces. Para que no... para que le brinque el agua, vas a decir que le rociaste agua.</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>I&#250;:n sila:ntroh na:ichwia para xwa:kis.</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>That corriander gets sprinkled with water so that it doesn't dry up.</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>Aquel cilantro se roc&#237;a con agua para que no se seque.</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>Xka:ichwi para ma:ka tla:ltekwtlan yes!</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>Sprinkle water on it (in this case on the floor) so that the dust and dirt doesn't get all over the place!</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>&#161;Roc&#237;ale agua (en este caso sobre el piso) para que no se levante el polvo!</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>Xka:ichwi un tla:hli para ma ye tlasese:hlo:tl!</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>Sprinkle some water on the ground so that the place cools off!</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>&#161;Roc&#237;ale agua sobre el suelo para que est&#233;m&#225;s fresco!</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>Nitla:ichwitok para ma tla:ltepi:tsiwi.</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>I am sprinkling water so that the ground (the dirt floor) gets hard.</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>Estoy rociando agua para que se ponga duro el suelo.</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
<root>a:</root>
<root>ich</root>
<ncol>so:ya:tl</ncol>
<ncol>tla:hli</ncol>
<nse>The process of sprinkling water is commonly accomplished by pouring water from a container held and tilted with one arm. The other hand is moved rapidly back and forth under the water as it pours out, creating a sprinkling effect. Note that both <kam>a:ichwia</kam> and <kam>a:wichwia</kam> are utilized, though the former seems much more common in Ameyaltepec.</nse>
<nde>The Oapan form manifests a high-pitched initial /a:/. Given that no underlying {h} has been documented for this word, it may be that the Oapan pitch-accent on the initial /a:/ derives from reduplication, given that the action referred to is usually carried out repeatedly.</nde>
<qry>Actual tape of one example has the pronunciation <kam>a:wichwia:</kam>. However, this has been changed, in this dictionary entry, to the more common /a:ichwia:/. Recheck.</qry>
<mod>Add entry from above phrase under /tlasese:hlo:tl/.</mod>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>00060</ref>
<lxam>a:palwah</lxam>
<lxam_c>a:palwah</lxam_c>
<dt>09/Feb/2006</dt>
<psm>N</psm>
<der>N-posr-wah</der>
<infn>N1</infn>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>type of black, or brown and black, snake with a red throat; it often inhabits the water</sense_e>
<sense_s>tipo de culebra negra, o negra y color caf&#233;, con una garganta roja; a menudo se halla en el agua</sense_s>
<sense_d>Am, Oa</sense_d>
</sense_egroup>
<semfld>animal</semfld>
<semfld>sn</semfld>
<root>a:</root>
<root>pal</root>
<root>-wah</root>
<nse>According to Luis Lucena, this snake is brown and black with red on its throat.</nse>
<qry>Determine whether to classify /-wah/ here as a suffix. If there were to be a possessed form, determine its nature (i.e., does it have a -ka:w suffix as would be the case with -wah nominals?).</qry>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>00090</ref>
<lxam_notes>yzzz</lxam_notes>
<lxoa>&#225;:tsilw&#237;a</lxoa>
<lxoa_pr>&#225;:tsilwia</lxoa_pr>
<lxoa_c>k&#225;:tsilw&#237;a</lxoa_c>
<dt>11/Feb/2006</dt>
<lx_te>No</lx_te>
<psm>V2</psm>
<incorp>N-V2</incorp>
<der>V2-d-wia</der>
<lexical>rdp-s/h</lexical>
<lexical_d>Oa</lexical_d>
<infv>class-2a</infv>
<pitch>yes</pitch>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>see <klam>a:tsetselwia</klam></sense_e>
<sense_s>v&#233;ase <klam>a:tsetselwia</klam></sense_s>
<sense_d>Am, Oa</sense_d>
</sense_egroup>
<root>a:</root>
<root>tsel</root>
<semrefgroup>
<semref>a:tsetselwia</semref>
<semref_t>synonym</semref_t>
<semref_d>Am</semref_d>
</semrefgroup>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>00125</ref>
<lxam>a:tekonyo:hli</lxam>
<lxam_c>a:tekonyo:hli</lxam_c>
<lxoa>a:tekonyo:hli</lxoa>
<lxoa_c>a:tekonyo:hli</lxoa_c>
<dt>11/Feb/2006</dt>
<psm>N</psm>
<compound>N-N</compound>
<der>N-b</der>
<infn>Stem 3</infn>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>seeds of the <klam>a:tekomatl</klam> gourd</sense_e>
<sense_s>semillas del <klam>a:tekomatl</klam></sense_s>
<sense_d>Pending</sense_d>
</sense_egroup>
<semfld>plant</semfld>
<semfld>part</semfld>
<root>a:</root>
<root>tekoma</root>
<root>yo:l</root>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>00180</ref>
<lxam>a:tekonxo:chitl</lxam>
<lxam_c>a:tekonxo:chitl</lxam_c>
<lxoa>a:tekonxo:chitl</lxoa>
<lxoa_c>a:tekonxo:chitl</lxoa_c>
<dt>11/Feb/2006</dt>
<psm>N</psm>
<compound>N-N</compound>
<der>N-b</der>
<infn>Stem 2</infn>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>flower of the <klam>a:tekomatl</klam></sense_e>
<sense_s>flor del <klam>a:tekomatl</klam></sense_s>
<sense_d>Pending</sense_d>
</sense_egroup>
<semfld>plant</semfld>
<semfld>fl</semfld>
<root>a:</root>
<root>tekoma</root>
<root>xo:chi</root>
<qry>Check how possession occurs.</qry>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>00194</ref>
<lxam>a:solo:ntok</lxam>
<lxam_c>a:solo:ntok</lxam_c>
<dt>12/Feb/2006</dt>
<psm>Stat</psm>
<incorp>[N-V1]-Stat</incorp>
<der>Stat</der>
<infv>Durative</infv>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>(place in a stream or river where) a rushing sound is made in the water (e.g., by eddies or rapids)</sense_e>
<sense_s>(lugar en un arroyo o r&#237;o donde) un sonido de gorgoteo se hace en el agua (a causa de r&#225;pidos o remolinos)</sense_s>
<sense_d>Am</sense_d>
</sense_egroup>
<root>a:</root>
<root>solo:</root>
<nse>All documented uses of this term are preceded by an adverbial of place, relative pronoun, etc. that indicates where the verbal event occurs (e.g., <kam>nika:n a:solo:ntok</kam> 'there is the sound of rushing water here,' i.e., 'there are rapids here'; <kam>ni&#225;:s ka:n a:solo:ntok</kam>). Thus one cannot say * <kam>ni&#225;:s a:solo:ntok</kam>. The Oapan cognate as the verbal locative suffix <kn>-ka:n</kn> in the word itself and thus no additional locative lexeme is required.</nse>
<nae>Note that the intransitive verbal * <kam>a:solo:ni</kam> does not occur (cf., the somewhat parallel construction of <kam>tla:loli:ni</kam> in which the intransitive verbal form exists and the <kn>-tok</kn> construction is a progressive (<kn>tla:loli:ntok</kn>) 'an earthquake is occurring.'</nae>
<qry>Syntactical use should be checked, i.e. the possibility of /ne: a:solo:ntok/ or /nenkah a:solo:ntok/, etc. Check also to see if the verbal form /a:solo:ni/ exists.</qry>
<semrefgroup>
<semref>a:solo:nka:n</semref>
<semref_t>confer</semref_t>
<semref_d>Oa</semref_d>
</semrefgroup>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>00206</ref>
<lxam>a:moxkwitlatl</lxam>
<lxam_c>a:moxkwitlatl</lxam_c>
<lxoa>&#225;:moxkw&#237;tlatl</lxoa>
<lxoa_pr>a:moxkwitlatl</lxoa_pr>
<lxoa_c>&#225;:moxkw&#237;tlatl</lxoa_c>
<dt>11/Feb/2006</dt>
<psm>N</psm>
<compound>N-N-N</compound>
<der>N-b</der>
<infn>Stem 2</infn>
<pitch>yes</pitch>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>algae or any similar type of small green water plants that inhabit a large area of water</sense_e>
<sense_s>algas o cualquier otro tipo de planta acu&#225;tica que pulula por una&#225;rea extendida de agua</sense_s>
<sense_d>Am, Oa</sense_d>
</sense_egroup>
<semfld>plant</semfld>
<semfld>xiwtli</semfld>
<root>a:</root>
<root>mox</root>
<root>kwitla</root>
<nae>The basis for pitch-accent in Oapan Nahuatl is not clear, unless it is related to reduplication reduction on a vowel-initial stem. Note that at least one consultant, Silvestre Pantale&#243;n, seemed to pronounce <koa>a:moxkwitlatl</koa> without pitch-accent, as expected.</nae>
<qry>Check pronounciation of Oapan; in session Silvestra Pantale&#243;n seemed to pronounce this without pitch accent.</qry>
<qry_h>a:moxkwitlatl</qry_h>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>00279</ref>
<lxam>tlatlako:la:tl</lxam>
<lxam_c>tlatlako:la:tl</lxam_c>
<lxoa>tl&#225;tlak&#243;:la:tl</lxoa>
<lxoa_pr>tlatlako:la:tl</lxoa_pr>
<lxoa_c>tl&#225;tlak&#243;:la:tl</lxoa_c>
<dt>12/Feb/2006</dt>
<psm>N</psm>
<compound>N-N</compound>
<der>N-b</der>
<lexical>Reduced rdp-s(pref): <koa>n&#243;:tlak&#243;:la:w</koa></lexical>
<infn>Stem 2</infn>
<pitch>yes-lex</pitch>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>(ritual) hard liquor; spirits (usually mezcal)</sense_e>
<sense_s>(ritual) aguardiente; bebida alcoh&#243;lica fuerte (particularmente mezcal)</sense_s>
<sense_d>Pending</sense_d>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>Ma tikomatika:n i:n, totlatlako:la:tsi:n!</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>Let us try a little bit of this, our spirits!</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>&#161;Vamos a probar un poquito de este, nuestra bebida!</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>Tose:pa:nya:ntsi:n ma tikoni:ka:n iw&#237;:n tlatlako:la:tsi:ntli!</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>Together let us partake of this (alcoholic) drink!</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>&#161;Juntos s&#243;lo nosotros vamos a compartir esta bebida (alcoh&#243;lica)!</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
</sense_egroup>
<root>htlak</root>
<root>a:</root>
<nse><kam>Tlatlako:la:tl</kam> is understood by the entire populace though it is rarely used except in the ritual speech of bride petitions or counseling. More common in everyday use is the Spanish loan <kam>tra:goh</kam>.</nse>
<qry>Check to determine that reduced reduplication can occur in Oapan.</qry>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>00376</ref>
<lxam>a:toktli</lxam>
<lxam_c>a:toktli</lxam_c>
<dt>12/Feb/2006</dt>
<psm>N</psm>
<compound>N-N</compound>
<der>N-k-pret</der>
<infn>Stem 1(k)</infn>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>sth carried away by a river, usually because of heavy rains (often <kam>a:toktli</kam> refers too wood that has been swept away by a rushing torrent and that may be collected along riverbanks and used for firewood, but can refer to anything carried away by the current)</sense_e>
<sense_s>algo llevado por un r&#237;o crecido a causa de las lluvias (por lo com&#250;n <kam>a:toktli</kam> refiere a madera que ha sido llevada por una fuerte corriente, y que la gente junta para le&#241;a, pero tambi&#233;n puede significar cualquier otra cosa as&#237;llevada)</sense_s>
<sense_d>Am</sense_d>
</sense_egroup>
<root>a:</root>
<root>toka</root>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>00380</ref>
<lxam>a:molo:nki</lxam>
<lxam_c>a:molo:nki</lxam_c>
<lxoa>a:molo:nki</lxoa>
<lxoa_c>a:molo:nki</lxoa_c>
<dt>12/Feb/2006</dt>
<psm>Adj</psm>
<compound>N-Adj</compound>
<der>Adj-dvb-ki</der>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>to have a bad smell from to have been left soaking too long in water</sense_e>
<sense_s>tener un mal olor por haber sido dejado demasiado tiempo en agua estancada</sense_s>
<sense_d>Pending</sense_d>
</sense_egroup>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>to be foul-smelling (water from having mud)</sense_e>
<sense_s>tener un mal olor (agua, por tener lodo)</sense_s>
<sense_d>Pending</sense_d>
</sense_egroup>
<root>a:</root>
<root>molo:</root>
<ncol>nextamahli</ncol>
<nae><kn>A:molo:nki</kn> is used (predictivately or attributively) to refer to a material, such as <spn>nixtamal</spn>, clothes, etc., that has spoiled from sitting in water. Apparently it refers to the material itself and not to the water itself. In this sense the relationship of the incorporated <kn>a:-</kn> to <kn>molo:nki</kn> is quite distinct from that between <kn>a:-</kn> and <kn>poso:nki</kn> in <klam>a:poso:nki</klam> , 'boiled water,' where the incorporated noun is the head.</nae>
<qry>Check to determine whether this adjective refers to items that smell bad from being too long in water, or to the water itself.</qry>
<grm>See discussion under /kwa:toto:nki/. <kn>A:molo:nki</kn> is used (predictivately or attributively) to refer to a material, such as <spn>nixtamal</spn>, clothes, etc., that has spoiled from sitting in water. Apparently it refers to the material itself and not to the water itself. In this sense the relationship of the incorporated <kn>a:-</kn> to <kn>molo:nki</kn> is quite distinct from that between <kn>a:-</kn> and <kn>poso:nki</kn> in <klam>a:poso:nki</klam> , 'boiled water,' where the incorporated noun is the head.</grm>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>00403</ref>
<lxam>i:xa:mia</lxam>
<lxam_c>ki:xa:mia</lxam_c>
<lxoa>i:xa:mia</lxoa>
<lxoa_c>ki:xa:mia</lxoa_c>
<dt>12/Feb/2006</dt>
<lx_te>No</lx_te>
<psm>V2</psm>
<der>V2-alt-mi(a)</der>
<trans>~Intrans</trans>
<infv>class-2a</infv>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>to lightly wash the face of</sense_e>
<sense_s>lavar ligeramente la cara de</sense_s>
<sense_d>Am, Oa</sense_d>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>O:ki:xa:mih ikone:w.</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>She lightly washed off the face of her child (with water).</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>Limpi&#243;ligeramente la cara de su ni&#241;o (con agua).</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>Xmi:xa:mi:ti pa:mpa o:kalak mi:xtewa:n j&#225;bon!</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>Go and rinse your face off because soap got in your eyes!</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>&#161;Ve a enjuagarse la cara porque se te meti&#243;agua a los ojos!</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
</sense_egroup>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>to paint (with a solid color); to varnish</sense_e>
<sense_s>pintar (con un solo color); barnizar</sense_s>
<sense_d>Pending</sense_d>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>Yo:ki:xa:mikeh isiye:tas ika tlapahli.</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>They have already painted their chairs (with a solid color, not drawn figures).</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>Ya pintaron sus sillas (con un solo color, no figuritas).</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>Yo:ki:xa:mikeh intepalkawa:n ika barn&#237;:s.</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>They've already varished their ceramic bowls.</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>Ya barnizaron sus platos de cer&#225;mica.</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
</sense_egroup>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>to plaster; to whitewash (a wall)</sense_e>
<sense_s>revocar; blanquear; enjalbergar; encalar (una pared)</sense_s>
<sense_d>Pending</sense_d>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>Ki:xa:mi:skeh un tepantli.</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>They are going to plaster (or whitewash) that wall.</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>Van a revocar (o blanquear) esa pared.</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
</sense_egroup>
<root>i:x</root>
<root>a:</root>
<nae>The etymology of <kam>i:xa:mia</kam> is not entirely clear. Tetelcingo (p. 217), which has many cognates with Balsas valley Nahuatl, has <kn>i:xa:mia</kn> 'le lava la cara' (although FK has this listed as <kn>xa:mia</kn> the initial /i:/ is long in Tetelcingo and thus clearly part of the verbal stem; the same mistake is made with ? <kn>xa:huia</kn>). Molina has <kn>ixamia. nite.</kn> 'lavar a otro la cara.' These two definitions fit in well with the initial senses of <kam>i:xa:mia</kam> in the Balsas area. However, the other sense, of painting or plastering, is covered by Molina <kn>ixauia. nitla.</kn> 'embarrar o enxalvegar pared' and perhaps Tetelcingo (p. 217) <kn>i:xa:bia</kn> 'enjuagar.' Balsas Nahuatl also have <klam>i:xa:wia</klam> with the meaning of 'to rinse.' At any rate the difference between <kam>i:xa:mia</kam> and <kam>i:xa:wia</kam> , both with the sense of 'to rinse,' needs to be further investigated.</nae>
<qry>Check etymology. Note that Molina has /i:xa:uia/ with virtually the same meaning; here the etymology seems to be {i:x + a: + wia}, meaning 'to act with Noun Stem.' Thus the change would be /i:xa:mia/ from /i:xa:wia/. This seems plausible. Thus check for /i:xa:mia/, /i:xa:wia/, /xa:mia/ and /xa:wia/.</qry>
<grm>Word order: /Xmi:xa:mi:ti pampa o:kalak mi:xtewa:n j&#225;bon/. Note the word order of V-Loc-S. This seems quite usual from my feeling for the language.</grm>
<root_notes>Discuss the possibility that this is related to the roots /i:x/ and /a:/ at some level.</root_notes>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>00411</ref>
<lxam>a:pi:tsahli</lxam>
<lxam_c>a:pi:tsahli</lxam_c>
<lxoa>a:pi:tsahli</lxoa>
<lxoa_c>a:pi:tsahli</lxoa_c>
<dt>22/Oct/2005</dt>
<psm>N</psm>
<compound>N-N</compound>
<der>N-dvb-pas</der>
<infn>Stem 3</infn>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>runny excrement; diarrea; the runs</sense_e>
<sense_s>excremento aguado; diarrea; chorro</sense_s>
<sense_d>Am, Oa</sense_d>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>Na:pi:tsa un bwe:yeh, ki:sa ia:pi:tsal.</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>That steer has diarrea, runny excrement comes out.</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>Aquel novillo tiene diarrea, su excremento sale aguado.</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
</sense_egroup>
<qry>Check for possessed form.</qry>
<root>a:</root>
<root>pi:tsa</root>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>00464</ref>
<lxam>a:ko:kopi:tsiwi</lxam>
<lxam_c>a:ko:kopi:tsiwi</lxam_c>
<lxoa>a:k&#243;:kokopi:ts&#237;wi</lxoa>
<lxoa_pr>a:ko:kokopi:tsiwi</lxoa_pr>
<lxoa_c>a:k&#243;:kokopi:ts&#237;wi</lxoa_c>
<dt>12/Feb/2006</dt>
<lx_te>No</lx_te>
<psm>V1</psm>
<impers>tla-</impers>
<incorp>N-V1</incorp>
<der>V1-alt-wi</der>
<trans>~Trans</trans>
<infv>class-3a(w)</infv>
<pitch>yes-lex</pitch>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>to feel ones throat narrowed from having sores or phlegm in it</sense_e>
<sense_s>sentirse la garganta angosta por tener granitos o flema</sense_s>
<sense_d>Pending</sense_d>
</sense_egroup>
<root>a:</root>
<root>ko:koh</root>
<root>pi:ts</root>
<qry_fon>Of Oapan and Am form check for initial /a:/ and compare to other /a/-initial words. Check throughout for any changes to headwords. Recheck the vowel length of /i:/.</qry_fon>
<vl>There are 4 extra tokens of this word originally recorded at 6436. These should be tagged as 464 and, moreover, two of these later recorded words should be chosen for the link.</vl>
<semrefgroup>
<semref>ko:kopi:tsiwi</semref>
<semref_t>equivalent</semref_t>
<semref_d>Am</semref_d>
</semrefgroup>
<semrefgroup>
<semref>a:k&#243;:kokopits&#237;wi</semref>
<semref_t>confer</semref_t>
<semref_d>Oa</semref_d>
</semrefgroup>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>00504</ref>
<lxam>a:istaya</lxam>
<lxam_c>a:istaya</lxam_c>
<lxoa>a:istaya</lxoa>
<lxoa_c>a:istaya</lxoa_c>
<dt>12/Feb/2006</dt>
<lx_te>No</lx_te>
<psm>V1</psm>
<impers>tla-</impers>
<incorp>N-V1</incorp>
<der>V1-para-ki/ya/lia[x]</der>
<infv>class-4b(ya-s)</infv>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>to become white from being sumerged a long time in water (perhaps some 3 days; particularly used in reference to maize that is allowed to soak too long in lime water in making <klam>nextamahli</klam>)</sense_e>
<sense_s>ponerse blanco por quedar mucho tiempo sumergido en agua (tal vez unos 3 d&#237;as; empleado particularmente para referirse al nixtamal que se deja demasiado tiempo en el agua acalada)</sense_s>
<sense_d>Am, Oa</sense_d>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>O:a:istayak monextamal.</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>Your <klam>nextamahli</klam> has turned white from being in the water a long time.</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>Tu nixtamal se volvi&#243;blanco por quedarse demasiado tiempo en el agua.</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
</sense_egroup>
<root>a:</root>
<root>sta</root>
<ncol>nextamahli</ncol>
<ncol>tixtli</ncol>
<nae>To date this <kam>a:istaya</kam> has been the only intransitive verb of this type (with final <kn>-ya</kn>) that shows /s/ for /x/ in the progressive based on harmony with the preceding /s/.</nae>
<qry>Progressive with /s/ instead of /x/ is probably the result of consonant harmony. Recheck short /a/'s both penultimate and final.</qry>
<grm>Phonology: Note /s/ for /x/ in the progressive of /ai:staya/>/a:istastok/.</grm>
<nae>In all dialects noted so far this verb is irregular in that the final /y/ converts to /s/, not /x/, probably the result of harmonization with the preceding /s/.</nae>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>00538</ref>
<lxam>sokia:tl</lxam>
<lxam_c>sokia:tl</lxam_c>
<lxoa>sokia:tl</lxoa>
<lxoa_c>sokia:tl</lxoa_c>
<dt>22/Oct/2005</dt>
<psm>N</psm>
<compound>N-N</compound>
<der>N-b</der>
<infn>Stem 2</infn>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>muddy puddle</sense_e>
<sense_s>charco lodoso</sense_s>
<sense_d>Am, Oa</sense_d>
</sense_egroup>
<root>soki</root>
<root>a:</root>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>00600</ref>
<lxam>a:xi:xtitlan</lxam>
<lxam_c>a:xi:xtitlan</lxam_c>
<dt>22/Oct/2005</dt>
<psm>N</psm>
<compound>N-Rel-titlan</compound>
<der>N-loc-1-titlan</der>
<infn>N1</infn>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>covered with urine or the smell of urine (a place or person)</sense_e>
<sense_s>cubierto con o lleno de orina o con su olor (un lugar o persona)</sense_s>
<sense_d>Am</sense_d>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>Nochipa a:xi:xtitlan onkah.</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>She is always covered with (smelling of) urine (e.g., a woman with a baby who is always urinating on her).</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>Est&#225;siempre llena de (oliendo a) orina (p. ej. una mujer cuyo beb&#233;siempre le orina).</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>A:xi:xtitlan pa:mpa na:xi:xalo:tok.</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>It is (a place) full of the smell of urine because people are constantly urinating there.</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>Es (un lugar) lleno del olor de orines porque la gente est&#225;orinando ah&#237;constantemente.</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
</sense_egroup>
<root>a:</root>
<root>xi:xa</root>
<root_rel>-titlan</root_rel>
<semrefgroup>
<semref>a:xi:xtesokwiy&#225;:k</semref>
<semref_t>synonym</semref_t>
<semref_d>Oa</semref_d>
</semrefgroup>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>00624</ref>
<lxam>a:wistli</lxam>
<lxam_c>a:wistli</lxam_c>
<lxoa>a:wistli</lxoa>
<lxoa_c>a:wistli</lxoa_c>
<lxgen>a:wistli</lxgen>
<lxvar>Tetel</lxvar>
<dt>12/Feb/2006</dt>
<psm>N</psm>
<compound>N-N</compound>
<der>N-b</der>
<infn>Stem 1(s)</infn>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>type of tree, identified by several consultants as <spn>chabuco</spn></sense_e>
<sense_s>tipo de&#225;rbol, identificado por varios asesores como 'chabuco'</sense_s>
<sense_d>Am, Oa</sense_d>
</sense_egroup>
<semfld>plant</semfld>
<semfld>kohtli</semfld>
<root>a:</root>
<root>wits</root>
<notes_nature>Ram&#237;rez and Dakin (1979) identify this as the <kam>chabuco</kam> as did one informant. Ram&#237;rez (1991) gives the same Spanish name, and identifies this of the family Rubiaceae. The only trees of this family in Guizar and S&#225;nchez (1991) are the Cephalanthus occidentalis, which they state to be <spn>atopol</spn> or <spn>atepule</spn> in Spanish (see <klam>a:to:po:lin</klam>), as well as the Hintonia standleyana(in Spanish <spn>quina</spn>) and Randia echinocarpa(in Spanish <spn>granjel</spn>). Schoenhals (1988) has nothing under Hintonia standleyanaor <spn>quina</spn> but does have a listing for granjel:&quot;(Randiaspp., e.g., R. echinocarpa, R. armata) 'randia,' 'thorn tree,' 'ink tree.' Branches come out at right angles to the stems. Yellow flowers, edible fruit; tree is well supplied with thorns. The tree is a good source of firewood and is protected as a land stabilizing agent. Fruit juices are used as ink. Also called crucecito, escambr&#243;n, maluco de monta&#241;a, p apache, tintero, torolillo.&quot;This description of the <spn>granjel</spn> seems to correspond to that of the <spn>chabuco</spn> in Ram&#237;rez (1991).</notes_nature>
<notes_func>Although one consultant once said that this was good for <spn>morillos</spn> this is not the case. It is just used for firewood.</notes_func>
<qry>Check homophony with /a:wistli/ meaning 'dew'.</qry>
<qry_fon>Determine variation /a:wistli/ 'dew' and /a:wistli/ 'chabuco'.</qry_fon>
<vl>There are 4 more tokens at #4451. These will be tagged with 624. Note that the final link should include the tokens originally at 4451, which have a much better sound quality.</vl>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>00628</ref>
<lxam>a:xi:xmi:skitl</lxam>
<lxam_c>a:xi:xmi:skitl</lxam_c>
<dt>12/Feb/2006</dt>
<psm>N</psm>
<compound>(N-N)-N</compound>
<der>N-b</der>
<infn>Stem 2</infn>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>balls of partially dried up resin or sap; resin</sense_e>
<sense_s>bolitas de resina o savia parcialmente secas; resina</sense_s>
<sense_d>Am</sense_d>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>Kipia ia:xi:xmi:skiyo.</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>It (a tree) has balls of dried resin on it.</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>Tiene (un&#225;rbol) sus bolitas de resina seca.</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>A:xi:xmi:skitl, mi:skitl ka:n ki:sa ikopahlo.</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>It is resin, it is (on) a mesquite tree where its resin comes out.</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>Es resina, es (sobre) un mesquite donde sale su resina.</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
</sense_egroup>
<semfld>plant</semfld>
<semfld>part</semfld>
<root>a:</root>
<root>xi:x</root>
<root>mi:ski</root>
<ency_note>barro; kuhtli</ency_note>
<nse>The trees that have <kam>i:mi:skiyo</kam> are, according to Luis Lucena: <kbam>mi:skitl</kbam>, <kbam>tepe:mi:skitl</kbam>, <kbam>kopalkuhtli</kbam>, <kbam>tsina:kan kuhtli</kbam>, <kbam>kopalchinoh</kbam>, <kbam>xo:chikopahli</kbam>, <kbam>kuhsa:watl</kbam>, <kbam>kuhxio:tl</kbam>, and <kbam>tlakwa:mpets</kbam>. These were the ones he gave, though there might perhaps be some others. <kam>A:xi:xmiskitl</kam> is often collected by children and sold to potters, who use it to make natural color paints.</nse>
<mod>Add onomasiological discussion under barro on how ceramics are made, and under /kuhtli/ on the parts of a tree.</mod>
<mod>Add -w/yo inf under kopal and made sure -yo definition is given.</mod>
<semrefgroup>
<semref>m&#237;:ska:x&#237;:xtli</semref>
<semref_t>equivalent</semref_t>
<semref_d>Oa</semref_d>
</semrefgroup>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>00632</ref>
<lxam>a:kwitlay&#225;:k</lxam>
<lxam_c>a:kwitlay&#225;:k</lxam_c>
<lxoa>a:kw&#237;tlay&#225;:k</lxoa>
<lxoa_c>a:kw&#237;tlay&#225;:k</lxoa_c>
<lxoa_pr>a:kwitlaya:k</lxoa_pr>
<dt>14/Feb/2006</dt>
<psm>Adj</psm>
<compound>(N-N)-Adj</compound>
<der>Adj-para-ki/ya/lia</der>
<pitch>yes-lex</pitch>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>to smell, giving off an odor typified by <klam>nextamahli</klam> that has gone bad from sitting too long in water</sense_e>
<sense_s>ser hediondo, emitiendo un olor como&#233;l del nixtamal que se ha echado a perder</sense_s>
<sense_d>Am, Oa</sense_d>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>A:kwitlay&#225;:k motlaxkal.</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>Your tortillas are foul-smelling and foul-tasting (because the <kam>nextamahli</kam> had spoiled from sitting too long in water, i.e., <kam>o:a:kwitlaya:yak</kam>).</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>Tus tortillas est&#225;n mal de olor y saber (porque el nixtamal se hab&#237;a echado a perder en el agua, esto es, <kam>o:a:kwitlaya:yak</kam>).</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
</sense_egroup>
<root>a:</root>
<root>kwitla</root>
<root>hya:</root>
<nse><kam>A:kwitlay&#225;:k</kam> is apparently used only to refer to <klamoa>nextamahli</klamoa>, masa, or tortillas. <klam>A:molo:nki</klam> (and the verb form <klam>a:molo:nia</klam>) can also be used to refer to the smell acquired by things that sit too long in water that then becomes rancid.</nse>
<qry>Check for other possible subject of <kam>a:kwitlay&#225;:k</kam> , such as clothes left too long sitting in water. Also check the difference between <kam>a:kwitlay&#225;:k</kam> and <kam>a:molo:nki</kam>.</qry>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>00635</ref>
<lxam>a:sia:wi</lxam>
<lxam_c>a:sia:wi</lxam_c>
<lxoa>a:sia:wi</lxoa>
<lxoa_c>a:sia:wi</lxoa_c>
<dt>09/Feb/2006</dt>
<lx_te>No</lx_te>
<psm>V1</psm>
<impers>tla-</impers>
<incorp>N-V1</incorp>
<der>V1-b</der>
<infv>class-3a(w)</infv>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>to soak or be soaking in water (without soap)</sense_e>
<sense_s>remojarse en agua (sin jab&#243;n)</sense_s>
<sense_d>Am, Oa</sense_d>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>Xka:pacho! Ma a:sia:wi!</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>Put it in water! Let it soak (e.g., palm that will be used for tying, clothes to wash, etc.)!</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>&#161;Ponlo en agua!&#161;Que est&#233;remojando (p. ej., palma que se va utilizar para atar, ropa para lavar, etc.).</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
</sense_egroup>
<root>a:</root>
<root>sia:</root>
<nse>According to Florencia Marcelino (Oa) this is used only in reference to materials such as mud on which water is poured and which, as a result, softens up.</nse>
<semrefgroup>
<semref>a:sia:wa</semref>
<semref_t>confer</semref_t>
<semref_d>Am, Oa</semref_d>
</semrefgroup>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>00649</ref>
<lxam>a:tekomatl</lxam>
<lxam_c>a:tekomatl</lxam_c>
<lxoa>a:tekomatl</lxoa>
<lxoa_c>a:tekomatl</lxoa_c>
<lxgen>a:tekomatl</lxgen>
<lxvar>Tetel</lxvar>
<dt>11/Feb/2006</dt>
<psm>N</psm>
<compound>N-N</compound>
<der>N-b</der>
<compound>N-N</compound>
<infn>Stem 2</infn>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>type of plant that bears gourds as fruit</sense_e>
<sense_s>tipo de planta cuya fruta es un buleque se utiliza como cantimplora; tecomate</sense_s>
<sense_d>Am, Oa</sense_d>
</sense_egroup>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>type of gourd used as a canteen; (by extension) canteen</sense_e>
<sense_s>bule, guaje o tecomate para llevar agua al campo; (por extensi&#243;n) cantimplora</sense_s>
<sense_d>Pending</sense_d>
</sense_egroup>
<semfld>plant</semfld>
<semfld>xiwtli</semfld>
<root>a:</root>
<root>tekoma</root>
<nse>The gourd of the <kam>a:tekomatl</kam> is used as a canteen, a cord woven around it and a corncob used as a stopper. Now these are seldom used since they can crack, instead plastic canteens or bottles are used (but still referred to by the term <kamoa>a:tekomatl</kamoa>); they don't break but heat up the water considerably.</nse>
<qry>Determine whether the there is any difference between /a:tekomatl/ and /kuhtekomatl/, i.e.,, are they they same, is the /a:tekomatl/ indeed only the gourd when used as a canteen?</qry>
<root_notes>Relate /tekoma/ to /ko:ntli/, and probable relation between {ko:m} and {koma}.</root_notes>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>00660</ref>
<lxam>a:tsetselwia</lxam>
<lxam_c>ka:tsetselwia</lxam_c>
<lxoa>&#225;:tsilw&#237;a</lxoa>
<lxoa_pr>&#225;:tsilwia</lxoa_pr>
<lxoa_c>k&#225;:tsilw&#237;a</lxoa_c>
<dt>12/Feb/2006</dt>
<lx_te>No</lx_te>
<psm>V2</psm>
<incorp>N-V2</incorp>
<der>V2-d-wia</der>
<lexical>rdp-s/h</lexical>
<lexical_d>Am, Oa</lexical_d>
<infv>class-2a</infv>
<pitch>yes</pitch>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>to finely sprinkle water on (e.g., a plant to water it lightly; a floor to settle the dust; the action indicated by <kam>a:tsetselwia</kam> is often accomplished by pouring water out of a bucket held in one arm while moving the other hand rapidly under the stream of water to make it sprinkle)</sense_e>
<sense_s>rociarle agua muy fina a o sobre (una planta para regarle ligeramente, un piso para que no se levente polvo; la acci&#243;n indicada por <kam>a:tsetselwia</kam> se realiza al verter agua de una cubeta sostenida con un brazo, mientras que la otra mano se menea r&#225;pidamente dentro del chorro de agua para que se rocie)</sense_s>
<sense_d>Am, Oa</sense_d>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>Xka:tsetselwi para tika:te:ki:s.</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>Sprinkle water on it to water it (e.g., flowers, plants, etc.).</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>Roc&#237;ale agua para regarle (p. ej., flores, plantas, etc.).</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>Nika:tsetselwi:s para ma:ka nokwite:was tlaltekwtli.</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>I'm going to sprinkle water on it (a dirt floor) so that dust doesn't come up.</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>Voy a rociarle agua (al piso de tierra) para que no se levante el polvo.</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>Ka:tsetselwitiw.</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>He goes along sprinkling water on it.</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>Va roci&#225;ndole agua.</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
</sense_egroup>
<root>a:</root>
<root>tsel</root>
<disamb>Check if any different from /a:ichwia/.</disamb>
<nse>In Ameyaltepec <kam>a:tsitsilwia</kam> is an alternative pronunciation of <kam>a:tsetselwia</kam>. For example, both Gabriel de la Cruz and his mother Aurora use <kam>a:tsitsilwia</kam> although many others say, <kam>a:tsetselwia</kam>. It is not clear which pronunciation is more common. In Oapan I have only documented <kloa>&#225;:tsilw&#237;ya</kloa>, not * <koa>&#225;:tselw&#237;ya</koa>.</nse>
<nae>Apparently because of the type of action referred to <kam>a:tsetselwia</kam> occurs only in reduplicated form, with a reduplicated verbal stem, as occurs with other words such as <kam>a:po:poxowa</kam>. However, the usual development with Oapan <koa>&#225;:tsilw&#237;ya</koa> concerns the application of pitch-accent on the <koa>a:-</koa>, the nominal stem for water. Usually in Oapan Nahuatl reduplication is not reduced onto a preceding syllable unless it is light. Thus one has <koa>nak&#225;:skay&#225;:wa</koa> for what in other dialects is <kn>nakaskahkaya:wa</kn>, or <koa>n&#237;:k&#237;:ski</koa> from&quot;underlying&quot;{ni + rdp-s + ki:sa + ki} where the 3rd-person form would be <koa>k&#237;k&#237;:ski</koa>. However, vowel-initial stems often reduplicate by lengthening and stressing, or simply stressing (when the initial vowel is long) the initial vowel (e.g., <koa>a:polaki</koa> redupilcates as <koa>&#225;:pol&#225;ki</koa>). From strictly internal evidence of Oapan, the form <koa>&#225;:tsilw&#237;ya</koa> appears to be a vo wel-initial stem that, because of certain semantic consider ations appears only in reduplicated form (much as, for example, the transitive verb <koa>k&#225;kay&#225;:wa</koa>). Evidence from Ameyaltepec, however, suggests that it is not a compound verbal stem ? <koa>a:tsilwiya</koa> that reduplicates (in the same paradigm as <koa>a:polaki</koa> and <koa>&#225;:pol&#225;ki</koa>) but rather from a verbal compound involving an incorporated nominal stem where the verbal base reduplicates (i.e., {a: + rdp-s + tsil + wiya}). If this is the case, however, then a long vowel preceding a stem receives pitch-accent as the sole reflex of reduplication. This is not unheard of as often certain body part incorporations (as well as a few others) may take pitch-accent (cf. <koa>m&#225;:kwal&#243;</koa> along with quite a few other examples) for the reduplicative&quot;morpheme.&quot;On this local evidence, then, it would appear that Oapan Nahuatl <koa>&#225;:tsilw&#237;ya</koa> is one of those few words in which the reduplication of a verbal stem is reflected as pitch-accent on the long vowel of an inc orporated noun. However, a f u rther complication arises when Classical Nahuatl is examined. Molina has several entries for <kn>atzelhuia</kn>, each with a different prefixation pattern: <kn>nin.</kn> 'rociarse con agua'; <kn>nite.</kn> 'rociar a otro con agua'; and <kn>nitla.</kn> 'rociar o regar el suelo para barrer.' All entries have the nonreduplicated form of this verb and no reduplicated entry with the incorporated nominal stem for 'water' (<kn>a:</kn>) exists. Nevertheless, in Molina the verbal root <kn>tzel</kn> with no incorporated noun is always reduplicated (see fol. 152f) as are all nominalizations (see fol. 142v). This seems to reflect the fact that the lack of specificity as a concomitant to noun incorporation has some reprecussions on reduplication. Returning to the question of the verb under consideration, it would seem that there are two patterns involved, derived in different ways from the basic compound <kn>a:tselwia</kn>. In Ameyaltepec <kn>a:tselwia</kn> is treated as a nominal stem incorporated into a verbal stem, a s of te n occurs in such cases, reduplication is applied to the verbal stem, leading to <kam>a:tsetselwia</kam>. However, in Oapan the compound <kn>a:tsilwiya</kn> is analyzed as a single verbal stem and the reduplication is applied as pitch-accent to the long first vowel, resulting in <koa>&#225;:tsilw&#237;ya</koa>. Note the similar situation with <klam>a:toto:nilwia</klam>.</nae>
<nde>Whereas Ameyaltepec has both <kam>a:tsetselwia</kam> and <kam>a:tsitsilwia</kam> Oapan only has only been documented with the <koa>&#225;:tsilw&#237;ya</koa> variant. Other dialects such as Classical (see above) only have the form with /e/.</nde>
<grmx>Oapan reduplication: Apparently because of the type of action referred to <kam>a:tsetselwia</kam> occurs only in reduplicated form, with a reduplicated verbal stem, as occurs with other words such as <kam>a:po:poxowa</kam>. However, the usual development with Oapan <koa>&#225;:tsilw&#237;ya</koa> concerns the application of pitch-accent on the <koa>a:-</koa>, the nominal stem for water. Usually in Oapan Nahuatl reduplication is not reduced onto a preceding syllable unless it is light. Thus one has <koa>nak&#225;:skay&#225;:wa</koa> for what in other dialects is <kn>nakaskahkaya:wa</kn>, or <koa>n&#237;:k&#237;:ski</koa> from&quot;underlying&quot;{ni + rdp-s + ki:sa + ki} where the 3rd-person form would be <koa>k&#237;k&#237;:ski</koa>. However, vowel-initial stems often reduplicate by lengthening and stressing, or simply stressing (when the initial vowel is long) the initial vowel (e.g., <koa>a:polaki</koa> redupilcates as <koa>&#225;:pol&#225;ki</koa>). From strictly internal evidence of Oapan, the form <koa>&#225;:tsilw&#237;ya</koa> appears to be a vowel-initial stem tha t, because of cert ain semantic considerations appears only in reduplicated form (much as, for example, the transitive verb <koa>k&#225;kay&#225;:wa</koa>). Evidence from Ameyaltepec, however, suggests that it is not a compound verbal stem ? <koa>a:tsilwiya</koa> that reduplicates (in the same paradigm as <koa>a:polaki</koa> and <koa>&#225;:pol&#225;ki</koa>) but rather from a verbal compound involving an incorporated nominal stem where the verbal base reduplicates (i.e., {a: + rdp-s + tsil + wiya}). If this is the case, however, then a long vowel preceding a stem receives pitch-accent as the sole reflex of reduplication. This is not unheard of as often certain body part incorporations (as well as a few others) may take pitch-accent (cf. <koa>m&#225;:kwal&#243;</koa> along with quite a few other examples) for the reduplicative&quot;morpheme.&quot;On this local evidence, then, it would appear that Oapan Nahuatl <koa>&#225;:tsilw&#237;ya</koa> is one of those few words in whic h the reduplication of a verbal stem is reflected as pitch-accent on the long vowel of an incorpor a t ed noun. However, a further complication arises when Classical Nahuatl is examined. Molina has several entries for <kn>atzelhuia</kn>, each with a different prefixation pattern: <kn>nin.</kn> 'rociarse con agua'; <kn>nite.</kn> 'rociar a otro con <kn>agua</kn> ; and <kn>nitla.</kn> 'rociar o regar el suelo para barrer.' All entries have the nonreduplicated form of this verb and no reduplicated entry with the incorporated nominal stem for 'water' (<kn>a:</kn>) exists. Nevertheless, in Molina the verbal root <kn>tzel</kn> with no incorporated noun is always reduplicated (see fol. 152f) as are all nominalizations (see fol. 142v). This seems to reflect the fact that the lack of specificity as a concomitant to noun incorporation has some reprecussions on reduplication. Returning to the question of the verb under consideration, it would seem that there are two patterns involved, derived in different ways from the bas ic compound <kn>a:tselwia</kn>. In Ameyaltepec <kn>a:tselwia</kn> is t reated as a nominal stem incor po ra te d into a verbal stem, as often occurs in such cases, reduplication is applied to the verbal stem, leading to <kam>a:tsetselwia</kam>. However, in Oapan the compound <kn>a:tsilwiya</kn> is analyzed as a single verbal stem and the reduplication is applied as pitch-accent to the long first vowel, resulting in <koa>&#225;:tsilw&#237;ya</koa>.</grmx>
<grmx>Note that this is not a metathesized applicative. This can be determined by noting the valency. A word such as /popolwia/ is an applicative of the transitive /popolowa/. Thus it is a ditransitive 'to erase sth to sb.' However, the primary object of /a:tsetselwia/ is the object onto which water is sprinkled, i.e. the&quot;direct object&quot;and hence the derivation is from a noun (*a:tsetsehli) which, in this case might not exist in isolated form.</grmx>
<grmx>Oapan phonology; reduplication: Note that in /&#225;:tsilw&#237;ya/ for Oapan Nahuatl and the fact that the Am form is /a:tsetselwia/ indicates that the reduplication is of the verbal stem. Note that the preceding vowel is long (from /a:/ 'water') but that nevertheless this takes pitch-accent.</grmx>
<semrefgroup>
<semref>a:tsitsilwia</semref>
<semref_t>synonym</semref_t>
<semref_d>Am</semref_d>
</semrefgroup>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>00676</ref>
<lxam>a:xi:xkokoy&#225;:k</lxam>
<lxam_c>a:xi:xkokoy&#225;:k</lxam_c>
<dt>12/Feb/2006</dt>
<psm>Adj</psm>
<compound>(N-N)-S-Adj</compound>
<der>Adj-para-ki/ya/lia</der>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>to have a smell of urine</sense_e>
<sense_s>tener un olor de o oler a orina</sense_s>
<sense_d>Am, Oa</sense_d>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>A:xi:xkokoy&#225;:k mopantal&#243;:n pa:mpa o:titla:wa:n wa:n mopan o:tima:xi:x.</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>Your pants smell of urine because you got drunk and urinated on yourself.</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>Tus pantalones huelen a urina porque te emborrachaste y te orinaste.</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
</sense_egroup>
<root>a:</root>
<root>xi:xa</root>
<root>koko</root>
<root>hya:</root>
<qry>Check analysis of root /koko/, perhaps should be entered as /ko/. Note the use of /koko/ to indicate the abundance or proliferation of a smell, but check cognates. Check pronunciation of /pantal&#243;:n/.</qry>
<mod>Add under /koko/, either in root section or dictionary section, idea of abundance of a smell. Check for other uses of this form with this meaning.</mod>
<semrefgroup>
<semref>a:xi:xt&#233;sokwiy&#225;:k</semref>
<semref_t>synonym</semref_t>
<semref_d>Oa</semref_d>
</semrefgroup>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>00709</ref>
<lxam>a:kwilin</lxam>
<lxam_c>a:kwilin</lxam_c>
<dt>11/Feb/2006</dt>
<psm>N</psm>
<compound>N-N</compound>
<der>N-b-in</der>
<infn>Stem 4</infn>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>type of water worm, still not positively identified</sense_e>
<sense_s>tipo de gusano de agua todav&#237;a no identificado definitivamente</sense_s>
<sense_d>Am</sense_d>
</sense_egroup>
<semfld>animal</semfld>
<semfld>marine</semfld>
<root>a:</root>
<root>okwil</root>
<notes_nature>This is not classified as a <klam>michin</klam>.</notes_nature>
<semrefgroup>
<semref>a:kwe:roh</semref>
<semref_t>synonym</semref_t>
<semref_d>Oa</semref_d>
</semrefgroup>
<semrefgroup>
<semref>a:kwitlaxtli</semref>
<semref_t>synonym</semref_t>
<semref_d>Oa</semref_d>
</semrefgroup>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>00739</ref>
<lxam>a:molo:nia</lxam>
<lxam_c>a:molo:nia</lxam_c>
<lxoa>a:molo:nia</lxoa>
<lxoa_c>a:molo:nia</lxoa_c>
<dt>11/Feb/2006</dt>
<lx_te>No</lx_te>
<psm>V1</psm>
<impers>tla-</impers>
<incorp>N-V1</incorp>
<der>V1-b</der>
<infv>class-4b(ya-x)</infv>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>to spoil and acquire a bad smell from being left in sitting water</sense_e>
<sense_s>echarse a perder y adquirir un mal olor por haber sido dejado en agua estancada</sense_s>
<sense_d>Am, Oa</sense_d>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>O:a:molo:niak monextamal.</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>Your <klamoa>nextamahli</klamoa>became foul-smelling from sitting in water too long (e.g., 3 days or so).</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>Tu nixtamal se ech&#243;a perder por quedarse demasiado tiempo en el agua (tal vez tres d&#237;as o m&#225;s).</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
</sense_egroup>
<root>a:</root>
<root>molo:</root>
<disamb>a:kwitlayaya; a:molo:nia</disamb>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>00746</ref>
<lxam>a:xi:xkokoya:ya</lxam>
<lxam_c>a:xi:xkokoya:ya</lxam_c>
<dt>09/Feb/2006</dt>
<lx_te>No</lx_te>
<psm>V1</psm>
<impers>tla-</impers>
<incorp>[N-N]-S-V1</incorp>
<der>V1-para-ki/ya/lia</der>
<infv>class-4b(ya-x)</infv>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>to acquire or become covered with the smell of urine</sense_e>
<sense_s>agarrar el olor a orina</sense_s>
<sense_d>Am</sense_d>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>Ml&#225;:k o:ta:xi:xkokoya:yak. Nochipa mitsa:xi:xtok mokone:tsi:n.</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>You've really gotten to smell of urine. Your little baby is always peeing on you.</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>De veras agarraste un olor a orina. tu hijito siempre te est&#225;meando.</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
</sense_egroup>
<root>a:</root>
<root>xi:xa</root>
<root>koko</root>
<root>hya:</root>
<semrefgroup>
<semref>a:xi:xt&#233;sokwiy&#225;:ya</semref>
<semref_t>synonym</semref_t>
<semref_d>Oa</semref_d>
</semrefgroup>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>00787</ref>
<lxam>a:te:kilia</lxam>
<lxam_c>ka:te:kilia</lxam_c>
<lxoa>a:te:kilia</lxoa>
<lxoa_c>ka:te:kilia</lxoa_c>
<dt>09/Feb/2006</dt>
<lx_te>No</lx_te>
<psm>V3</psm>
<incorp>N-V3</incorp>
<der>V3-d-ap</der>
<infv>class-2a</infv>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>to water (particularly plants and seedlings) for</sense_e>
<sense_s>regar (particularmente plantas y plantas de semillero) para</sense_s>
<sense_d>Am, Oa</sense_d>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>Ma ne:cha:te:kilitiw noxo:chiw, ma:ka wa:kis!</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>Let him be watering my flowers for me so that they don't dry up!</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>&#161;Qu&#233;vaya d&#225;ndole agua a mis flores, para que no se sequen!</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
</sense_egroup>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>to give water to (certain animals such as pigs and chickens, who are given water that is poured into a bowl or container) for</sense_e>
<sense_s>dar de beber (a animales tales como marranos y gallinas, que toman agua de un recipiente al que se vierte agua) para</sense_s>
<sense_d>Pending</sense_d>
</sense_egroup>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>to give water to (certain animals such as pigs, i.e., for which one pours water)</sense_e>
<sense_s>dar de beber a (a algunos animales tales como marranos, a que se les da agua en piletas)</sense_s>
<sense_d>Pending</sense_d>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>Ma kima:te:kili:ki nopitsowa:n -nopiowa:n-! Newa ni&#225;:s f&#233;riah.</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>Let him come and give water to my pigs (or chickens) for me! I'm going to the festival.</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>&#161;Qu&#233;venga a darles agua a mis marranos (o gallinas)! Yo voy a ir a la feria.</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
</sense_egroup>
<fla>te:kilia; a:te:kia</fla>
<root>a:</root>
<root>te:k</root>
<grm>Make sure to discuss the question of valency with this word in part of the grammar.</grm>
<xrefgroup>
<xref>a:te:kia</xref>
<xref_t>verb_base</xref_t>
<xref_d>Am</xref_d>
</xrefgroup>
<xrefgroup>
<xref>a:te:kiya</xref>
<xref_t>verb_base</xref_t>
<xref_d>Oa</xref_d>
</xrefgroup>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>00793</ref>
<lxam>a:tli:ya:n</lxam>
<lxam_c>noa:tli:ya:n</lxam_c>
<dt>11/Feb/2006</dt>
<psm>N</psm>
<der>N-loc-dvb-ya:n</der>
<infn>N2</infn>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>natural and customary source of drinking water for (sb or some animal [Poss])</sense_e>
<sense_s>fuente natural y regular de agua de beber para (algn o alg&#250;n animal [Pos])</sense_s>
<sense_d>Am</sense_d>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>Toa:tli:ya:n.</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>It is the place from where we get customarily draw water (in Ameyaltepec, the toponym of place is called simply <kam>A:pan</kam>).</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>Es el lugar de donde tenemos la costumbre de traer agua (en Ameyaltepec, este lugar simplemente se llama <kam>A:pan</kam>).</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
</sense_egroup>
<root>a:</root>
<root>i:</root>
<root_rel>-ya:n</root_rel>
<nse>No cognate term has been documented in Oapan, but there is a similar construction <koa>tlakwa:ya:n</koa> referring to a customary place of eating (or, if an animal, grazing).</nse>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>00831</ref>
<lxam>a:yewahli</lxam>
<lxam_c>a:yewahli</lxam_c>
<lxoa>a:yewahli</lxoa>
<lxoa_c>a:yewahli</lxoa_c>
<dt>12/Feb/2006</dt>
<psm>N</psm>
<compound>N-N</compound>
<der>N-b</der>
<infn>Stem 3</infn>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>deep place in a river where the water slowly circles around (rather than running straight through)</sense_e>
<sense_s>lugar algo profundo en un r&#237;o donde el agua gira despacio (en lugar de fluir recto y r&#225;pidamente)</sense_s>
<sense_d>Pending</sense_d>
</sense_egroup>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>whirlpool</sense_e>
<sense_s>remolino de agua</sense_s>
<sense_d>Pending</sense_d>
</sense_egroup>
<root>a:</root>
<root>yewal</root>
<qry>In this and other examples it is difficult to distinguish a basic noun form a derived one. Cf. /-yewalowa/, /yewaltik/, etc. Check also meaning: a whirlpool, a calm of circling water, or both.</qry>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>00884</ref>
<lxam>a:wi:teki</lxam>
<lxam_c>ka:wi:tekin</lxam_c>
<lxoa>a:wi:teki</lxoa>
<lxoa_c>ka:wi:teki</lxoa_c>
<dt>12/Feb/2006</dt>
<lx_te>No</lx_te>
<psm>V2</psm>
<incorp>N-V2</incorp>
<der>V2-b</der>
<trans>Irregular</trans>
<infv>class-3a(k)</infv>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>to be struck by lightening (person struck is [O] of 3rd-person plural transitive; Oapan synonym: <kloa>tsontewi:teki</kloa>)</sense_e>
<sense_s>pegarsele un rayo a (persona pegada es [O] de un verbo transitivo en 3a persona; sin&#243;nimo en Oapan: <kloa>tsontewi:teki</kloa>)</sense_s>
<sense_d>Am</sense_d>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>Ne:cha:wi:tekiskeh.</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>I will be struck by lightening.</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>Me va a pegar un rayo.</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>O:kitsaya:nih pa:mpa o:ka:wi:tehkeh.</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>It got split lengthwise because it got hit by lightning.</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>Se parti&#243;a lo largo porque se le peg&#243;un rayo.</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
</sense_egroup>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>to thrash (e.g., an animal with its tail) in the water</sense_e>
<sense_s>dar l&#225;tigos (p. ej., un animal con su cola) en el agua</sense_s>
<sense_d>Am, Oa</sense_d>
</sense_egroup>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>to thrash around in the water (e.g., clothes in order to remove soap)</sense_e>
<sense_s>sacudir en el agua (p. ej., ropa para quitarle el jab&#243;n)</sense_s>
<sense_d>Oa</sense_d>
</sense_egroup>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>to waste (money) on a liquido (particularly beer)</sense_e>
<sense_s>malgastar (dinero) en bebida (p. ej., un cart&#243;n de cerveza u otro l&#237;quido parecido)</sense_s>
<sense_d>Oa</sense_d>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>O:ka:wi:tek nowe:wentsi:n i:tomi:ntsi:n.</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Oa</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>Mi husband wasted his money on drink.</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>Mi esposo malgast&#243;su dinero en bebida.</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
</sense_egroup>
<semfld>weather</semfld>
<root>a:</root>
<root>wi:teki</root>
<nae>In Ameyaltepec this verb is always found in transitive form with the object being the person or thing struck by lightening. The subject is always third person plural, suggesting that the lightening was caused by some volitional plural agent, although an&quot;impersonal&quot;interpretation is also valid. This is related to causitivity which people feel related to being struck by lightening, i.e. that others, plural, do it to the victim. In Oapan 'to be struck by lightening' is manifested in the verb <kloa>tsontewi:teki</kloa>; the verb <koa>a:wi:teki</koa> is used to indicate the act of rapidly drinking a large quantity of beer.</nae>
<qry>Check why the 3rd person plural, i.e., who does the striking. Check this phrase, note difference in number of subject/agent: /O:kitsaya:nih pampa o:ka:wi:tehkeh./ Check, perhaps simply /o:tsaya:n/ or /o:notsaya:nih/.</qry>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>00886</ref>
<lxam>wa:wah</lxam>
<lxam_c>wa:wah</lxam_c>
<lxoa>wa:wah</lxoa>
<lxoa_c>wa:wah</lxoa_c>
<dt>12/Feb/2006</dt>
<loan>agua (?)</loan>
<psm>Baby</psm>
<der>N-bb</der>
<lexical>Lex. rdp-l</lexical>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>water</sense_e>
<sense_s>agua</sense_s>
<sense_d>Am, Oa</sense_d>
</sense_egroup>
<root>a:</root>
<nae><kam>Wa:wah</kam> is a word used in speaking to babies. Although it follows the pattern for baby-talk words, with a long vowel in the first syllable and a final /h/, the etymology is unclear. It might be derived from Spanish <spn>agua</spn> or it might be derived from Nahuatl <klamoa>a:tl</klamoa>.</nae>
<qry>See Gram 1984-10-16.1</qry>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>00945</ref>
<lxam>a:pi:si:hli</lxam>
<lxam_c>a:pi:si:hli</lxam_c>
<lxoa>a:pi:si:hli</lxoa>
<lxoa_c>a:pi:si:hli</lxoa_c>
<dt>12/Feb/2006</dt>
<psm>N</psm>
<compound>N-N</compound>
<der>N-b</der>
<infn>Stem 3</infn>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>mist or spray; misty rain</sense_e>
<sense_s>neblina o brizna</sense_s>
<sense_d>Am, Oa</sense_d>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>Xok ml&#225;:h kiawis, sa: puroh a:pi:si:hli xi:ntok.</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>It won't really rain anymore, just a fine misty spray is coming down.</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>Ya no va a llover de veras, ya nada m&#225;s est&#225; cayendo una brizna fina.</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
</sense_egroup>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>vapor or spray that comes in a window during a heavy rain</sense_e>
<sense_s>neblina o brizna que entra por la ventana durante una fuerte lluvia</sense_s>
</sense_egroup>
<root>a:</root>
<root>pi:si:l</root>
<nse>Although <koa>a:pi:si:hli</koa> has been documented from Oapan, several speakers have indicated that this word is not used here. Rather, the term employed in Oapan is <kloa>a:kwe:xtli</kloa>.</nse>
<nae>Whether or not <kamoa>pi:si:hli</kamoa>, the second element of <kamoa>a:pi:si:hli</kamoa> and <klam>xa:lpi:si:hli</klam> , should be considered a nominal root is unclear. For a list of words containing <kroot>pi:si:l</kroot>see RJC (p. 250).</nae>
<semrefgroup>
<semref>a:kwe:xtli</semref>
<semref_t>synonym</semref_t>
<semref_d>Am, Oa</semref_d>
</semrefgroup>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>00956</ref>
<lxam>kocha:xi:xa</lxam>
<lxam_c>nokocha:xi:xa</lxam_c>
<dt>11/Feb/2006</dt>
<lx_te>No</lx_te>
<psm>V2(refl/dif)</psm>
<incorp>S-[N-V2]</incorp>
<der>V2-b</der>
<trans>Reflexive; different sense with specific object</trans>
<infv>class-3a</infv>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>(refl.) to urinate while sleeping; to wet ones bed while sleeping</sense_e>
<sense_s>(refl.) orinar dormido en la cama</sense_s>
<sense_d>Am</sense_d>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>O:nimokocha:xi:x, xe nisaya.</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>I urinated in my sleep. I hadn't woken up yet.</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>Orin&#233;mientras que dorm&#237;a. Todav&#237;a no me hab&#237;a despertado.</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
</sense_egroup>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>to urinate on (sb) in ones sleep</sense_e>
<sense_s>orinar sobre (algn) al estar dormido</sense_s>
<sense_d>Am</sense_d>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>O:ne:chkocha:xi:x nokone:w, ok pitentsi:n.</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>My child urinated on me in his sleep, he's still little.</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>Mi ni&#241;o me orin&#243;mientras que estaba durmiendo, todav&#237;a es peque&#241;o.</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
</sense_egroup>
<root>koch</root>
<root>a:</root>
<root>xi:xa</root>
<nse>Urinating in ones sleep is considered a <klam>te:tsa:wtli</klam> , a bad omen.</nse>
<qry>Note that the classification of the root /koch/ is unclear, perhaps it should be considered a noun (check for /koxtli/) and the morphology considered N+V.</qry>
<semrefgroup>
<semref>koxtlapia:sowa</semref>
<semref_t>synonym</semref_t>
<semref_d>Oa</semref_d>
</semrefgroup>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>01009</ref>
<lxam>a:kwitlaya:ya</lxam>
<lxam_c>a:kwitlaya:ya</lxam_c>
<lxoa>a:kw&#237;tlay&#225;:ya</lxoa>
<lxoa_pr>a:kwitlaya:ya</lxoa_pr>
<lxoa_c>a:kw&#237;tlay&#225;:ya</lxoa_c>
<dt>11/Feb/2006</dt>
<lx_te>No</lx_te>
<psm>V1</psm>
<impers>tla-</impers>
<incorp>[N-N]-V1</incorp>
<der>V1-para-ki/ya/lia</der>
<infv>class-4b(ya-x)</infv>
<pitch>yes-lex</pitch>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>to acquire a foul smell from sitting in water (e.g., <klamoa>nextamahli</klamoa>)</sense_e>
<sense_s>adquirir un mal olor por quedarse en agua estancado (p. ej., nixtamal)</sense_s>
<sense_d>Am, Oa</sense_d>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>O:a:kwitlaya:yak monextamal. Asta ye wi:kplakayo:tl.</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>Your <kam>nextamahli</kam> has become foul-smelling (from sitting too long in water). It's already from the day before yesterday.</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>Tu nixtamal ha agarrado un mal olor por haberse estancado en el agua. Ya es de antier.</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
</sense_egroup>
<root>a:</root>
<root>kwitla</root>
<root>hya:</root>
<disamb>a:molo:nia</disamb>
<mod>Add entry under /wikplakayo:tl/.</mod>
<vl>Check p-a as my original notes/entry/orthography for the Oapan word did not have p-a and I have added it based on the morphology.</vl>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>01053</ref>
<lxam>ia:xi:x tenextli</lxam>
<lxam_c>ia:xi:x tenextli</lxam_c>
<lxoa>tenextli i:a:xi:x</lxoa>
<lxoa_c>tenextli i:a:xi:x</lxoa_c>
<dt>22/Oct/2005</dt>
<psm>N</psm>
<der>N-complex</der>
<infn>Stem 1(x)</infn>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>drippings of honey-like consistency that trickle down a lime oven as rocks are fired and baked and the cooking process is nearly finished</sense_e>
<sense_s>l&#237;quido de la consistencia de la miel que se escurre de un horno de cal cuando est&#225;por terminar el proceso de cocer las piedras que est&#225;n adentro</sense_s>
<sense_d>Am, Oa</sense_d>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>Yo:pe:w wa:ltemo:tiw ia:xi:x tenextli.</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>The drippings from the lime (i.e., from rocks cooked in a lime oven) has started to run down.</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>El l&#237;quido que se escurre de la cal (esto es, de las rocas que se cuecen en un horno de cal) ha empezado a bajar.</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
</sense_egroup>
<root>a:</root>
<root>xi:xa</root>
<root>te</root>
<root>nex</root>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>01060</ref>
<lxam>a:kaxtetl</lxam>
<lxam_c>a:kaxtetl</lxam_c>
<lxoa>a:kaxtetl</lxoa>
<lxoa_c>a:kaxtetl</lxoa_c>
<dt>12/Feb/2006</dt>
<psm>N</psm>
<compound>N-N-N</compound>
<der>N-b</der>
<infn>Stem 2</infn>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>stone trough or bowl for giving water to animals</sense_e>
<sense_s>pileta de piedra para darles de beber a los animales</sense_s>
<sense_d>Am, Oa</sense_d>
</sense_egroup>
<root>a:</root>
<root>kax</root>
<root>te</root>
<nse>An <kamoa>a:kaxtetl</kamoa> is usually a large, flat, and probably volcanic stone in which a central depression has been created to hold water that is usually given to pigs, although also to dogs and chicks.</nse>
<ilus_note>Illustrate</ilus_note>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>01094</ref>
<lxam>a:te:ntli</lxam>
<lxam_c>a:te:ntli</lxam_c>
<lxoa>a:te:ntli</lxoa>
<lxoa_c>a:te:ntli</lxoa_c>
<dt>11/Feb/2006</dt>
<psm>N</psm>
<compound>N-N</compound>
<der>N-b</der>
<infn>Stem 1(n)</infn>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>river; stream</sense_e>
<sense_s>r&#237;o; arroyo</sense_s>
<sense_d>Pending</sense_d>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>Nochi a:te:ntli xya!</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>Go all along the river!</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>&#161;Ve por toda la orilla del r&#237;o!</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
</sense_egroup>
<root>a:</root>
<root>te:n</root>
<nse><kamoa>A:te:ntli</kamoa> is never pluralized, even after numerical modifiers, viz. <kamoa>o:me a:te:ntli</kamoa>.</nse>
<qry>Check difference in use of /a:te:nko/ and /a:te:ntli/.</qry>
<semrefgroup>
<semref>tlate:ntli</semref>
<semref_t>confer</semref_t>
<semref_d>Am, Oa</semref_d>
</semrefgroup>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>01097</ref>
<lxam>a:chia</lxam>
<lxam_c>a:chia</lxam_c>
<dt>12/Feb/2006</dt>
<lx_te>No</lx_te>
<psm>V1</psm>
<impers>tla-</impers>
<incorp>N-V2</incorp>
<der>V1-b</der>
<infv>class-3c(chia)</infv>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>(for plants) to be&quot;thirsting for water&quot;and start drying up for lack of rain during the rainy season</sense_e>
<sense_s>estar a la espera de agua (plantas) durante la temporada de lluvias cuando ha dejado de llover por alg&#250;n tiempo</sense_s>
<sense_d>Am</sense_d>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>O:nosiahka:w nomi:l, a:chi:xtoya. Xo:tla:k, kwa:k me:roh kinektoya a:tl, xo:kiaw.</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>My cornfield got tired of waiting, it was waiting for rain. It didn't yield abundant fruit, when it was really in need of water, it didn't rain.</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>Mi milpa se cans&#243;de esperar, estaba esperando el agua. No rindi&#243;fruta, cuando mero necesitaba agua, no llovi&#243;.</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
</sense_egroup>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>to wait for water (a person, such as one waiting for rain to fall before beginning to plow a field, or waiting as a well slowly fills up before drawing water)</sense_e>
<sense_s>esperar el agua (una persona, p. ej., que espera la lluvia para poder empezar a zurcar su milpa, o que espera mientras un pozo se llena lentamente)</sense_s>
<sense_d>Am</sense_d>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>Sa: na:chia, yo:nike:kchi:w ka:n nito:kas.</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>I'm just waiting for rain, I've finished plowing where I'm going to plant (i.e., I am waiting for it to rain in order to plow over the tilled land for the final time, planting the seed).</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>Solamente estoy esperando el agua (de la lluvia), ya he terminado de surcar donde voy a sembrar (en otras palabras, estoy esperando la lluvia para volver por&#250;ltima vez a arar la tierra ya labrada, para entonces sembrar la semilla).</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
</sense_egroup>
<root>a:</root>
<root>chia</root>
<nae>During an elicitation session I asked Gabriel de la Cruz whether the form <kam>a:chialtia</kam> existed, as a causative of <kam>a:chia</kam>. He pondered the question for a while and then answered that one could say this, for example, if a person was watching over a well and made others wait to fill up their jugs until the well filled up.</nae>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>01104</ref>
<lxam>limo:n a:tl</lxam>
<lxam_c>limo:n a:tl</lxam_c>
<lxoa>limo:a:tl</lxoa>
<lxoa_c>limo:a:tl</lxoa_c>
<dt>12/Feb/2006</dt>
<loan>(part) <spn>lim&#243;n</spn></loan>
<psm>N</psm>
<compound>N-N</compound>
<der>N-b</der>
<infn>Stem 2</infn>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>lemonade</sense_e>
<sense_s>limonada</sense_s>
<sense_d>Am, Oa</sense_d>
</sense_egroup>
<root>a:</root>
<nae>The documented possessed form of Ameyaltepec <kam>limo:na:tl</kam> is unusual in that it manifests the retention of the absolutive; see <klamoa>pa:tla</klamoa>. The Ameyaltepec form is written as two words given that the accent falls on the final syllable <kam>a:tl</kam>.</nae>
<qry>Note that in the example sentence under /-pa:tla/ I have recorded the possessed form of /limo:na:tl/; this should be checked.</qry>
<grm>Oapan phonology: n>0 is common, as in /limo:a:tl/. The fact that n>0 often occurs in the environment #V suggests that this perhaps should be written as two words although the stress pattern suggests a single word; check for velarization in Am form.</grm>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>01120</ref>
<lxam>a:ti:satl</lxam>
<lxam_cpend>*a:ti:satl</lxam_cpend>
<dt>11/Feb/2006</dt>
<psm>N</psm>
<compound>N-N</compound>
<der>N-b</der>
<infn>Stem 2</infn>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>water mixed with <klam>ti:satl</klam> , used as a remedy</sense_e>
<sense_s>agua mezclada con <klam>ti:satl</klam> , empleada como remedio</sense_s>
<sense_d>Am</sense_d>
</sense_egroup>
<fla>ti:satl</fla>
<root>a:</root>
<root>ti:sa</root>
<qry>Determine what type of remedy. Make sure possession is acceptable, as indicated.</qry>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>01121</ref>
<lxam>a:toto:ni:lwia</lxam>
<lxam_c>ka:toto:ni:lwia</lxam_c>
<lxoa>a:to:ni:lwia</lxoa>
<lxoa_f>[a: to: ni:l 'wi a]</lxoa_f>
<lxoa_c>ka:to:ni:lwia</lxoa_c>
<dt>12/Feb/2006</dt>
<lx_te>No</lx_te>
<psm>V2</psm>
<der>V-d-wia</der>
<lexical>Lex. rdp-s (Am)</lexical>
<infv>class-2a</infv>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>to throw hot water on (particularly an animal to scare it away);</sense_e>
<sense_s>echar agua caliente sobre (particularmente un animal para espantar y ahuyentarlo)</sense_s>
<sense_d>Am, Oa</sense_d>
</sense_egroup>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>to put or bathe in scalding water; to pour scalding water over (e.g., a chicken before plucking it)</sense_e>
<sense_s>meter o ba&#241;ar en agua hirviendo; vertir agua muy caliente sobre (p. ej., un pollo antes de desplumarla)</sense_s>
<sense_d>Pending</sense_d>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>Xka:toto:ni:lwi un pio para tikuwitlas iwiyo!</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>Pour scalding water on that chicken so that you can pluck its feathers!</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>&#161;&#233;chale agua caliente a ese pollo para que puedas desplumarlo!</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>Oksepa katoto:nilwi:skeh un nakatl de pio pa:mpa okwihloh.</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>Again they're going to pour scalding water over that piece of chicken because it has gotten worms.</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>Otra vez van a echarle agua hirviendo a este pedazo de pollo porque tiene gusanos.</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
</sense_egroup>
<root>a:</root>
<root>to:na</root>
<nae>The absence of stem reduplication in the Oapan word <koa>a:to:nilwia</koa> is not expected, although the same absence is noted in the nominal form <koa>a:to:nihli</koa>. There is no apparent reflex of any type of reduced reduplication in the verbal compound given that the preceding syllable (of an incorporated noun) has a long vowel and no pitch accent was noted (as would be expected given that in no dialects does the sequence <kn>toto:n-</kn> manifest a coda {h} in the first syllable). A similar situation was noted in Ameyaltepec <kam>a:tsetselwia</kam> and Oapan <koa>&#225;:tselwia</koa>.</nae>
<grmx>Reduplication; Oapan The absence of stem reduplication in the Oapan word <koa>a:to:nilwia</koa> is not expected, although the same absence is noted in the nominal form <koa>a:to:nihli</koa>. There is no apparent reflex of any type of reduced reduplication in the verbal compound given that the preceding syllable (of an incorporated noun) has a long vowel and no pitch accent was noted (as would be expected given that in no dialects does the sequence <kn>toto:n-</kn> manifest a coda {h} in the first syllable). A similar situation was noted in Ameyaltepec <kam>a:tsetselwia</kam> and Oapan <koa>&#225;:tselwiya</koa>. See full discussion under <klam>a:tsetselwia</klam>.</grmx>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>01144</ref>
<lxam>a:kotoka</lxam>
<lxam_c>ka:kotoka</lxam_c>
<lxoa>&#225;kotok&#243;wa</lxoa>
<lxoa_pr>akotokowa</lxoa_pr>
<lxoa_c>k&#225;kotok&#243;wa</lxoa_c>
<dt>12/Feb/2006</dt>
<lx_te>No</lx_te>
<psm>V2</psm>
<incorp>N-PM-V2</incorp>
<der>V2-b</der>
<infv>class-4a</infv>
<pitch>yes-lex</pitch>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>to go upriver against the current, walking, swimming, or in a small boat</sense_e>
<sense_s>ir r&#237;o arriba, caminando, nadando, o en una lancha</sense_s>
<sense_d>Pending</sense_d>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>O:nika:kotokak ipan la:nchah.</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>I went upstream in a small boat.</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>Fu&#237;r&#237;o arriba en una lancha.</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>Xka:kotoka!</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>Go upstream!</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>&#161;Ve r&#237;o arriba!</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
</sense_egroup>
<semfld>motion</semfld>
<root>a:</root>
<root>ahko</root>
<root>toka</root>
<nae>The etymology of <kam>a:kotoka</kam> or <koa>a:kotokowa</koa> is uncertain and needs to be carefully considered. One would expect a derivation including <kroot>a:-</kroot>(the root for 'water'). Or, considering that in Ameyaltepec underlying or historical {ah} sequences seem to yield a long vowel, one might expect simply the element <kn>ahko</kn> meaning 'high up' (as in <kam>a:kotlachia</kam> 'to look upward'). The final element, <klamoa>toka</klamoa>'to follow,' seems considerably more transparent. The Ameyaltepec word could, therefore, be either {a: + ahko + toka} or simply {ahko + toka}, with <kn>ahko</kn> signifying 'upriver.' However, if the element <kn>ahko</kn> is part of the compound, one would expect pitch-accent in the Oapan version, which according to my initial notes is not present. This word should be rechecked for pitch accent and the cognates in other dialects (e.g., San Juan Tetelcingo) should be elicited. Also problematical is the <kn>-owa</kn> ending for the Oapan term. Often this ending is found with int ransitive verbs that were originally <kn>o-</kn>final and intransitive (e.g., Classical <kn>pano</kn> and Balsas <kamoa>panowa</kamoa>). But <koa>a:kotokowa</koa> is transitive. Note, finally, that <kam>a:kotoka</kam> has been documented only with the 3rd-person singular object marker <kn>k-</kn>.</nae>
<qry>The first vowel, it is definitely long and may be used in elicitation to compare with other derivatives using /ahko/, probably result from /a:/ of /a:tl/ plus /ahko/. Cf. note with /akopilowa/. In Oapan the form /-akotokowa/ is used (check pitch pattern). This verb might be used only with third person singular object, this should be checked. Also to be checked is the referent of this object. It might just well be that the etymology is simply {ahko + toka} and that the object is the river, with the meaning being 'to follow (toka) upward (ahko)' with the implied object. Cf. here also the /kakoistok iti/ and the question of the referent of the object marker /k-/.</qry>
<vl>Check for p-a in Oapan form. If it is there, add /pa yes field.</vl>
<qry_h>a:kotoka</qry_h>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>01164</ref>
<lxam>a:pantlakalilia</lxam>
<lxam_c>ka:pantlakalilia</lxam_c>
<dt>12/Feb/2006</dt>
<lx_te>No</lx_te>
<psm>V2</psm>
<incorp>N-V3</incorp>
<der>V3-d-ap</der>
<infv>class-2a</infv>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>to construct irrigation ditches for (a crop)</sense_e>
<sense_s>poner zanjas para regar (un cultivo)</sense_s>
<sense_d>Am</sense_d>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>O:ka:pantlakalilikeh mi:hli.</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>They put in irrigation ditches for the corn.</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>Ellos pusieron zanjas (apancles) para regar el ma&#237;z.</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
</sense_egroup>
<root>a:</root>
<root>-pan; tlahkali</root>
<qry>Check existence of /a:pantli/ and decide on validity of secondary root /a:pan/. Also determine whether one can say /ka:pantlakalilia mihli/ or /... notla:lchi:wal/, etc. i.e., whether the object is simply the crop. Finally, this word might be a good candidate for a double applicative, check for /o:ne:cha:pantlakalililih nomi:l/. If correct, enter in grammar. Check correctness of Oapan /s&#225;:nkatl&#225;kal&#237;/ and remove from /cogo if not correct.</qry>
<semrefgroup>
<semref>s&#225;:nkatl&#225;kal&#237;</semref>
<semref_t>synonym</semref_t>
<semref_d>Oa</semref_d>
</semrefgroup>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>01192</ref>
<lxam>a:te:ma</lxam>
<lxam_c>ka:te:ma</lxam_c>
<lxoa>a:te:ma</lxoa>
<lxoa_c>ka:te:ma</lxoa_c>
<dt>09/Feb/2006</dt>
<lx_te>No</lx_te>
<psm>V2</psm>
<incorp>N-V2</incorp>
<der>V2-alt-mi</der>
<infv>class-3a(m)</infv>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>to fill with water</sense_e>
<sense_s>llenar de agua</sense_s>
<sense_d>Am, Oa</sense_d>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>Xka:te:ma ma:tekon para ma pala:ni itikwitl. Tikpapa:kas.</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>Fill your gourd with water so that the inside rots (and you can use it as a canteen)! You will then clean and rinse it out.</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>&#161;Llena tu bule con agua para que se pudra lo de adentro (y as&#237;lo puedes utilizar como cantimplora)! Lo vas a limpiar y enjuagar.</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
</sense_egroup>
<root>a:</root>
<root>te:m</root>
<fl>a:te:mi</fl>
<mod>Note the possible meanings of /te:ma/.</mod>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>01215</ref>
<lxam>yesa:tl</lxam>
<lxam_c>yesa:tl</lxam_c>
<lxoa>yesa:tl</lxoa>
<lxoa_c>yesa:tl</lxoa_c>
<dt>22/Oct/2005</dt>
<psm>N</psm>
<compound>N-N</compound>
<der>N-b</der>
<infn>Stem 2</infn>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>liquidy blood (such as that which forms inside of blisters, but not blood mixed with pus)</sense_e>
<sense_s>sangre con l&#237;quido (como el que se forma dentro de ampollas, pero no sangre mezclada con pus)</sense_s>
<sense_d>Am, Oa</sense_d>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>San yesa:tl, xchi:chi:ltik.</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>It's just liquidy blood, it isn't red.</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>Solamente es sangre con l&#237;quido, no es rojo.</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
</sense_egroup>
<root>yes</root>
<root>a:</root>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>01271</ref>
<lxam>a:tlakwi</lxam>
<lxam_c>a:tlakwi</lxam_c>
<lxoa>&#225;:tlakw&#237;</lxoa>
<lxoa_pr>&#225;:tlakwi</lxoa_pr>
<lxoa_c>&#225;:tlakw&#237;</lxoa_c>
<dt>12/Feb/2006</dt>
<lx_te>No</lx_te>
<psm>V1</psm>
<impers>tla-</impers>
<incorp>N-V2</incorp>
<der>V1-b</der>
<lexical>Reduced rdp-s(vowel-l)</lexical>
<infv>class-3a(kw)</infv>
<pitch>yes-rdp</pitch>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>to draw water and carry it to where it will be used (generally from a well or <kam>a:me:hli</kam>)</sense_e>
<sense_s>traer agua; aguar; llevar el agua a donde se va a utilizar (generalmente de un pozo o <kam>a:me:hli</kam>)</sense_s>
<sense_d>Pending</sense_d>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>A:tlakwtok.</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>He is drawing water.</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>Est&#225;trayendo agua.</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>Xa:k, o:a:tlakwito.</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>He's not around, he went to draw water.</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>No est&#225;, fue a traer agua.</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
</sense_egroup>
<root>a:</root>
<root>kwi</root>
<nse>Note that like <klamoa>kwi</klamoa>when used with a directional affix, <kam>a:tlakwi</kam> implies the action of drawing water, that is going and returning.</nse>
<nae>The reason for pitch accent in Oapan <koa>&#225;:tlakw&#237;</koa> is apparently due to reduplication, reduced on a long-vowel-initial stem. If this is the reason, the reduplication probably reflects the nature of the action of drawing water, which involves repeatedly taking water from a well or water hole. I remember not being able to elicit a form without the pitch accent.</nae>
<qry>Check again for Oapan Nahuatl with no pitch-accent.</qry>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>01275</ref>
<lxam>a:ixwi:tia</lxam>
<lxam_c>ka:ixwi:tia</lxam_c>
<lxoa>a:ixwi:tia</lxoa>
<lxoa_c>ka:ixwi:tia</lxoa_c>
<dt>11/Feb/2006</dt>
<lx_te>No</lx_te>
<psm>V2</psm>
<incorp>N-V2</incorp>
<der>V2-d-ca-ni</der>
<infv>class-2a</infv>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>to give a lot of water to and satiate (either a human or an animal)</sense_e>
<sense_s>dar de beber mucha agua a (una persona o a un animal) hasta que se llene y se satisfaga</sense_s>
<sense_d>Pending</sense_d>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>Nika:ixwi:ti:s un pitso.</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>I'm going to give that pig its fill of water.</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>Voy a darle a aquel marrano su raci&#243;n de agua hasta que se llene.</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>Ne:cha:ixwi:tia un a:tl.</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>That water fills me up (is satisfying).</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>Esa agua me llena (me satisface).</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
</sense_egroup>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>(~ <kam>i:ka tlato:hli</kam>) to give a lot of lip to; to overwhelm or berate with words</sense_e>
<sense_s>(~ <kam>i:ka tlato:hli</kam>) contestar y discutir</sense_s>
<sense_d>Pending</sense_d>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>O:ne:cha:ixwi:tikeh ika tlato:hli.</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>They gave me a lot of lip.</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>Me (lo) discutieron hasta el cansancio.</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
</sense_egroup>
<root>a:</root>
<root>xwi</root>
<nse>Residents of Ameyaltepec assert that that their water is heavy and filling, not so the water from the river, as in San Juan, Oapan, and other riverside villages.</nse>
<qry>Check to determine what other things, besides words, one can be&quot;filled with.&quot;</qry>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>01283</ref>
<lxam>a:toma</lxam>
<lxam_c>na:toma</lxam_c>
<lxoa>a:toma</lxoa>
<lxoa_c>na:toma</lxoa_c>
<dt>12/Feb/2006</dt>
<lx_te>No</lx_te>
<psm>V1</psm>
<impers>tla-</impers>
<incorp>N-V2</incorp>
<der>V2-alt-mi</der>
<trans>+Refl/-trans; ~Intrans</trans>
<infv>class-3a(m)</infv>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>(refl.) to fill out (a baby who gains weight)</sense_e>
<sense_s>(refl.) crecer y llegar a ser m&#225;s llenito (un ni&#241;o)</sense_s>
<sense_d>Pending</sense_d>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>On suwa:tl tewa:hki katkah, a:man yo:pe:w na:toma.</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>That woman used to be skinny, now she's started to fill out.</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>Esa mujer estaba flaca, ahora ya ha empezado a estar m&#225;s llenita.</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>Yo:pe:w na:toma yetl, yo:pe:w uwe:iya.</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>The beans have started to expand (while cooking), they're starting to get big.</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>Ya empezaron a abultarse los frijoles (por estar cocin&#225;ndose en agua herviendo), se est&#225;n haciendo grandes.</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
</sense_egroup>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>to become erect (a penis)</sense_e>
<sense_s>pararse (el pene)</sense_s>
<sense_d>Pending</sense_d>
</sense_egroup>
<root>a:</root>
<root>tom</root>
<nse>Although the sense of 'to uncoil (a snake)' for <kam>a:toma</kam> was documented in Ameyaltepec, this might have been in error for simply <kam>toma</kam> used reflexively. This should be checked.</nse>
<qry>Check length of final vowel by eliciting the future or imperfect tense. Also check if only the reflexive is used. Apparently the reference to a snake uncoiling might be in error and the word is /notoma/.</qry>
<root_notes>The possibility of a relationship between /toma/ 'untie' and /toma:wi/ 'to get fat' should be considered. Cf. /a:tonkwilin/.</root_notes>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>01349</ref>
<lxam>a:tla:lia</lxam>
<lxam_c>ka:tla:lia</lxam_c>
<lxoa>a:tla:lia</lxoa>
<lxoa_c>na:tla:lia</lxoa_c>
<dt>11/Feb/2006</dt>
<lx_te>No</lx_te>
<psm>V2</psm>
<incorp>N-V2</incorp>
<der>V2-b</der>
<infv>class-2a</infv>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>to place in water</sense_e>
<sense_s>asentar o poner en el agua.</sense_s>
<sense_d>Am</sense_d>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>O:na:tla:lih. Na:lti:s, ye:watok itik a:tl.</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>He sat himself down in the water. He is going to bathe, he is sitting in the water.</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>Se sent&#243;en el agua. se va a ba&#241;ar, est&#225;sentado en el agua.</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
</sense_egroup>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>(refl.) to enter the water (e.g., to cross of river)</sense_e>
<sense_s>(refl.) entrar al agua (p. ej., para cruzar un r&#237;o)</sense_s>
<sense_d>Oa</sense_d>
</sense_egroup>
<root>a:</root>
<root>tla:l</root>
<nse>Apparently in Oapan <koa>a:tla:lia</koa> is only used reflexively whereas in Ameyaltepec it is generally a transitive verb.</nse>
<qry>Check other nonreflexive uses of this word. If only reflexive, change code in /cat field.</qry>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>01367</ref>
<lxam>a:chichitsi:n</lxam>
<lxam_c>a:chichitsi:n</lxam_c>
<lxoa>a:chichitsi:n</lxoa>
<lxoa_c>a:chichitsi:n</lxoa_c>
<dt>11/Feb/2006</dt>
<psm>N</psm>
<compound>N-N</compound>
<der>N-tsi:n</der>
<infn>N1</infn>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>type of water animal, perhaps a fish</sense_e>
<sense_s>tipo de animal que habita el agua, quiz&#225;un pez</sense_s>
<sense_d>Am</sense_d>
</sense_egroup>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>underwater dog that accompanies <kloa>a:l&#225;mats&#237;:n</kloa>and <kloa>a:we:we:ntsi:n</kloa></sense_e>
<sense_s>perro que vive abajo del agua con <kloa>a:l&#225;mats&#237;:n</kloa>and <kloa>a:w&#233;:we:tsi:n</kloa></sense_s>
<sense_d>Oa</sense_d>
</sense_egroup>
<semfld>animal</semfld>
<semfld>marine</semfld>
<root>a:</root>
<root>chichi</root>
<nse>Luis Lucena (Am) mentioned that he had heard this word but never seen the animal is supposedly refers to. Apparently in Oapan this refers to</nse>
<qry>Type of fish? Luis Lucena has heard this word but has never seen the fish it supposedly refers to. It is questionable, then, whether this 'fish' actually exists. Ram&#237;rez and Dakin (1979) identify this as the 'foca.'</qry>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>01390</ref>
<lxam>a:tlahke:tl</lxam>
<lxam_c>a:tlahke:tl</lxam_c>
<lxoa>&#225;:tlahk&#233;:tl</lxoa>
<lxoa_c>&#225;:tlahk&#233;:tl</lxoa_c>
<dt>11/Feb/2006</dt>
<psm>N</psm>
<der>N-ag-ke:tl</der>
<lexical>Reduced rpd-s(vowel-l) (Oa)</lexical>
<infn>Stem 2</infn>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>person whose job it is to draw water; water-bearer</sense_e>
<sense_s>aguador</sense_s>
<sense_d>Am, Oa</sense_d>
</sense_egroup>
<root>a:</root>
<root>kwi</root>
<nae>This is derived from <kam>a:tlakwi</kam> with an irregular perfective formation with a stem that loses the final vowel. The Oapan Nahuatl form of this agentive shows reduced reduplication on the long vowel of the stem, probably due to the fact that a person involved in drawing water almost by definition repeats this action several times.</nae>
<qry>Cf. note with /a:tlakwintsi:n/. Check possessed form to make sure the coding is correct. I have no documentation of it.</qry>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>01409</ref>
<lxam>a:chi:kwa</lxam>
<lxam_c>a:chi:kwa</lxam_c>
<dt>01/Mar/2006</dt>
<psm>N</psm>
<infn>N1</infn>
<incorp>N-Adj-V2</incorp>
<der>N-dvb-0</der>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>to drink often (for example, a person while working during a hot day or while eating; an animal that is always thirsty)</sense_e>
<sense_s>tomar agua seguido (p. ej., una persona trabajando durante un d&#237;a caloroso, o al comer; un animal que siempre est&#225;con sed)</sense_s>
<sense_d>Am</sense_d>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>Na:chi:kwa.</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>I drink water often.</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>Yo tomo agua seguido.</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
</sense_egroup>
<root>a:</root>
<root>chi:</root>
<root>kwa</root>
<nse>This is said of a person who is constantly, perhaps every couple of minutes, drinking water, usually because of the heat.</nse>
<nae>The verbal nature of this entry, <kam>a:chi:kwa</kam> is suggested by its morphology: an incorporated nominal element <kroot>a:</kroot>, a bound predicate modifier <kroot>chi:</kroot>, and a verbal root <kroot>kwa</kroot>. The fact that the 1st-person subject prefix is realized as <kam>n-</kam> rather than <kam>ni-</kam> again is slightly more indicative of a verbal analysis. However, there I have no documentation as yet on tense/aspect inflection of this lexeme although my recollection is that in this aspect it behaves like a nonverbal predicate, with a separate overt copula for the non-present (e.g., <kam>a:chi:kwa katka</kam> 'he used to drink a lot of water'). However, the nominal nature of this word is clear from the plural: <kam>tewameh ta:chi:kwameh</kam>.</nae>
<qry>Probably contains the intensifier chi:. Check for final /h/ and perhaps change category from verb to noun (see above in /nae field). Check whether it is /a:chikwa/ or /a:chi:kwa/. I had another entry /a:chikwa/ with the following def., an N-ap meaning 'person who drinks a lot of water; person who drinks a lot of water while eating (instead of after eating, as is the custom) / algn quien toma mucha agua; algn que toma mucha agua al comer (en lugar de despu&#233;s de comer, como es de costumbre)</qry>
<semrefgroup>
<semref>a:tala</semref>
<semref_t>synonym</semref_t>
<semref_d>Oa</semref_d>
</semrefgroup>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>01414</ref>
<lxam>a:kwepa</lxam>
<lxam_c>na:kwepa</lxam_c>
<lxoa>a:kopa</lxoa>
<lxoa_c>na:kopa</lxoa_c>
<dt>12/Feb/2006</dt>
<lx_te>No</lx_te>
<psm>V2</psm>
<incorp>N-V2</incorp>
<der>V2-b</der>
<trans>+Refl/-trans</trans>
<infv>class-3a</infv>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>(refl.) to spoil (apparently only eggs)</sense_e>
<sense_s>(refl.) echarse a perder (aparentemente solamente huevos)</sense_s>
<sense_d>Pending</sense_d>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>Yo:na:kwep un to:toltetl. Yo:itlakaw, ko:koxo:ni.</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>That egg has gone bad. It's spoiled, it rattles inside (i.e., when shaken the rotten inside can be heard to move back and forth).</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>Ese huevo ya se ech&#243;a perder. Ya se pudri&#243;, se siente el movimiento adentro (de la parte pudrida) cuando se agita.</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
</sense_egroup>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>(refl.) to darken (a cloud as its about to rain)</sense_e>
<sense_s>(refl.) ennegrecerse (una nube cuando est&#225;a punto de llover)</sense_s>
<sense_d>Pending</sense_d>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>Yo:na:kwep, ye kiawis.</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>It has turned dark (a cloud), it's about to rain.</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>Ya se ennegreci&#243;(una nube), est&#225;a punto de llover.</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>O:na:kwep moxtli, tli:ltik tlachia. Kiawis.</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>The cloud has gotten dark, it looks black. It's going to rain.</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>La nube se ennegreci&#243;, se ve negro. Va a llover.</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
</sense_egroup>
<root>a:</root>
<root>kwepa</root>
<nse>This reflexive verb is used to refer to an egg which its inside turns to water as the white becomes runny. However, it may also refer to the darkening (like a rain cloud) of a spoiled egg.</nse>
<qry>Check exactly what is referred to when /na:kwepa/ is used to refer to an egg. Also, check what else might be a possible subject.</qry>
<qry>Check transitivity and whether /ka:kwepa/ is correct or whether a causative form exists for the transitive.</qry>
<grm>Oapan phonology: Note /kwe/>/ko/ alternation in Am /a:kwepa/>Oa /a:kopa/.</grm>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>01420</ref>
<lxam>a:posa:wa</lxam>
<lxam_c>ka:posa:wa</lxam_c>
<lxoa>a:posa:wa</lxoa>
<lxoa_c>ka:posa:wa</lxoa_c>
<dt>09/Feb/2006</dt>
<lx_te>No</lx_te>
<psm>V2</psm>
<incorp>N-V2</incorp>
<der>V2-alt-wi</der>
<infv>class-3a(w)</infv>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>to rise from the effects of water or yeast (certain mixtures such as bread dough)</sense_e>
<sense_s>levantarse por los efectos del agua o levadura (ciertas mezclas como masa para pan)</sense_s>
<sense_d>Pending</sense_d>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>Yo:na:posa:w</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>It has already risen (e.g., dough).</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>Ya se levant&#243;(p. ej., masa para hacer pan).</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
</sense_egroup>
<root>a:</root>
<root>posa:</root>
<nse>Used generally as reflexive.</nse>
<qry>Perhaps create an disambiguating entry with /i:xakukwi/ and other words.</qry>
<semrefgroup>
<semref>i:xakokwi</semref>
<semref_t>confer</semref_t>
<semref_d>Am</semref_d>
</semrefgroup>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>01438</ref>
<lxam>a:to:nawistli</lxam>
<lxam_c>a:to:nawistli</lxam_c>
<lxoa>a:to:nawistli</lxoa>
<lxoa_c>a:to:nawistli</lxoa_c>
<dt>22/Oct/2005</dt>
<psm>N</psm>
<compound>N-N</compound>
<der>N-dvb-is</der>
<infn>Stem 1(s)</infn>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>coinciding fever and chills, as from malaria</sense_e>
<sense_s>calentura con escalofr&#237;o, como de paludismo</sense_s>
<sense_d>Pending</sense_d>
</sense_egroup>
<semfld>disease</semfld>
<root>a:</root>
<root>to:na</root>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>01450</ref>
<lxam>kecha:tekontsi:n</lxam>
<lxam_c>kecha:tekontsi:n</lxam_c>
<dt>22/Oct/2005</dt>
<psm>Adj</psm>
<compound>N-N</compound>
<der>N-tsi:n</der>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>to have a long and thin, gourd-like, neck (e.g. a squash or similar fruits)</sense_e>
<sense_s>tener el cuello largo y delgado, como bule (p. ej., una calabaza u otras frutas parecidas)</sense_s>
<sense_d>Am</sense_d>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>Kwaltsi:n noa:yokokone:w, kecha:tekontsi:n.</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>My little baby-like squash is pretty, it has a thin neck.</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>Mi calabacita como de mu&#241;eca es linda, tiene un cuello delgadito.</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
</sense_egroup>
<root>kech</root>
<root>a:</root>
<root>tekom</root>
<qry>See query under /a:yokokone:tl/. Check with linguists as to ps categorization, e.g., brick-walled.</qry>
<semrefgroup>
<semref>kechtewiyahtik</semref>
<semref_t>synonym</semref_t>
<semref_d>Oa</semref_d>
</semrefgroup>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>01472</ref>
<lxam>a:pio:tsi:n</lxam>
<lxam_c>a:pio:tsi:n</lxam_c>
<lxoa>a:piotsi:n</lxoa>
<lxoa_c>a:piotsi:n</lxoa_c>
<dt>11/Feb/2006</dt>
<loan>(part) <spn>p&#237;o</spn></loan>
<psm>N</psm>
<compound>N-N</compound>
<der>N-tsi:n</der>
<infn>N1</infn>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>type of small bird that lives near the water, apparently the Collared Plover, <l>Charadrius collaris</l>, or a closely related species</sense_e>
<sense_s>tipo de p&#225;jaro peque&#241;o que vive cerca del agua, aparentemente el &quot;Collared Plover,&quot; <l>Charadrius collaris</l>, o una especie cercana</sense_s>
<sense_d>Am, Oa</sense_d>
</sense_egroup>
<src_s>Roberto Mauricio, Oapan, from Howell and Webb, 1995: Pl. 22, p. 334</src_s>
<semfld>animal</semfld>
<semfld>bird</semfld>
<root>a:</root>
<root>pio</root>
<nse>This animal is like a chick in size: <kam>to:to:tsi:ntli, i:pan a:te:ntli nemi</kam>. Apparently the name include <kam>pio</kam> probably after the sound that a chick makes.</nse>
<nae>The length of the /o/ in Oapan is difficult to determine as occasionally it appears to be long, though usually short. This should be further checked.</nae>
<notes_nature>Ram&#237;rez and Dakin (1979) identify this as the 'pollito de agua.'</notes_nature>
<mod>Enter under /cho/.</mod>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>01487</ref>
<lxam>ka:ldoh de chi:la:tl</lxam>
<lxam_c>ka:ldoh de chi:la:tl</lxam_c>
<dt>11/Feb/2006</dt>
<psm>N</psm>
<der>N-complex</der>
<infn>Stem 2</infn>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>type of broth made with chile and <klam>kaxtiltsi:n</klam> beans</sense_e>
<sense_s>tipo de caldo hecho con chile y frijoles del tipo llamado <klam>kaxtiltsi:n</klam></sense_s>
<sense_d>Am</sense_d>
</sense_egroup>
<semfld>food</semfld>
<root>chi:l</root>
<root>a:</root>
<qry>Determine the precise recipe of this food</qry>
<vl>I have eliminated the Oapan tokens from this entry. Tag (or retag) the 4 speech tokens here from Oapan with #5936.</vl>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>01523</ref>
<lxam>nexa:yo:tl</lxam>
<lxam_c>nexa:yo:tl</lxam_c>
<lxoa>nexa:yo:tl</lxoa>
<lxoa_c>nexa:yo:tl</lxoa_c>
<dt>12/Feb/2006</dt>
<psm>N</psm>
<compound>N-N</compound>
<der>N-d-yo:tl</der>
<infn>Stem 2</infn>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>yellow water formed by <kam>nextamal</kam> after it has been soaking in boiled water</sense_e>
<sense_s>agua amarrilla del nextamal que se ha dejado remojar en agua hervida</sense_s>
<sense_d>Pending</sense_d>
</sense_egroup>
<root>nex</root>
<root>a:</root>
<ency_note>tisi</ency_note>
<qry>Check to determine possessed form.</qry>
<mod>Include a description of maize and tortilla preparation, mention all the associated tools (e.g., /kuhburroh/, /a:chi:wi:ltepalkatl/, /metlatl/ and its types, etc.</mod>
<grm>Note how the abstract suffix /-yo:tl/ is here used to indicate the abstract form of a part/whole relationship. Apparently the /-yo:tl/ here marks a possessive relationship (part/whole) of /a:tl/ to /nex-/. One wonders why the form /nexa:tl/ is not found. Cf. to other forms that end in simply /a:tl/. Here the /-yo:tl/ seems to be not so much&quot;abstraction&quot;as part/whole. Compare to other words that end in this. RS has /nexa:tl/ as 'lej&#237;a' (apparently, 'bleach').</grm>
<semrefgroup>
<semref>nexkwitlatl</semref>
<semref_t>confer</semref_t>
<semref_d>Oa</semref_d>
</semrefgroup>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>01555</ref>
<lxam>i:xa:yo</lxam>
<lxam_c>i:xa:yo</lxam_c>
<lxoa>i:xa:yo</lxoa>
<lxoa_c>i:xa:yo</lxoa_c>
<dt>11/Feb/2006</dt>
<psm>N</psm>
<der>N-yo</der>
<infn>N2</infn>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>tears</sense_e>
<sense_s>l&#225;grimas</sense_s>
<sense_d>Am, Oa</sense_d>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>Kwa:k ti:xte:nchocho:ka, ki:sa mi:xayo.</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>When your eyes become irritated, tears come out.</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>Cuando se te arden los ojos, salen l&#225;grimas.</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
</sense_egroup>
<root>i:x</root>
<root>a:</root>
<nse><kamoa>I:xa:yo</kamoa> can refer either to tears of crying from sadness or from irriation.</nse>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>01591</ref>
<lxam>i:xa:wilia</lxam>
<lxam_c>ki:xa:wilia</lxam_c>
<lxoa>i:xa:wilia</lxoa>
<lxoa_c>ki:xa:wilia</lxoa_c>
<dt>09/Feb/2006</dt>
<lx_te>No</lx_te>
<psm>V3</psm>
<incorp>N-V3</incorp>
<der>V3-d-ap</der>
<infv>class-2a</infv>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>to rinse off for</sense_e>
<sense_s>enjuagar para</sense_s>
<sense_d>Pending</sense_d>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>Xne:chi:xa:wili nopla:toh!</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>Rinse my plate off for me!</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>&#161;Enjuage mi plato para mi!</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
</sense_egroup>
<root>i:x</root>
<root>a:</root>
<qry>Cf. notes under /i:xa:wia/.</qry>
<xrefgroup>
<xref>i:xa:wia</xref>
<xref_t>verb_base</xref_t>
<xref_d>Am</xref_d>
</xrefgroup>
<xrefgroup>
<xref>i:xa:wiya</xref>
<xref_t>verb_base</xref_t>
<xref_d>Oa</xref_d>
</xrefgroup>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>01601</ref>
<lxam>ia:xi:x bu:rroh</lxam>
<lxam_alt>kuwsa:wananakatl de ia:xi:x bu:rroh</lxam_alt>
<lxam_c>ia:xi:x bu:rroh</lxam_c>
<lxgen>i:a:xi:x burroh</lxgen>
<lxvar>Tetel</lxvar>
<dt>11/Feb/2006</dt>
<psm>N</psm>
<der>N-complex</der>
<infn>N1(N2-NP)</infn>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>type of small mushroom that grows on the ground</sense_e>
<sense_s>tipo de hongo peque&#241;o que crece sobre la tierra</sense_s>
<sense_d>Am</sense_d>
</sense_egroup>
<semfld>plant</semfld>
<semfld>mush</semfld>
<root>a:</root>
<root>xi:xa</root>
<nse>Some people use this term to refer to what is more properly called <kam>ikuhsa:wananakayo ia:xi:x burroh</kam> ; cf. entry under this latter term.</nse>
<qry>Determine all types of mushrooms.</qry>
<semrefgroup>
<semref>s&#243;sombrer&#237;:toh</semref>
<semref_t>synonym</semref_t>
<semref_d>Oa</semref_d>
</semrefgroup>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>01628</ref>
<lxam>a:pochi:naltia</lxam>
<lxam_c>ka:pochi:naltia</lxam_c>
<lxoa>a:pochi:naltia</lxoa>
<lxoa_c>ka:pochi:naltia</lxoa_c>
<dt>12/Feb/2006</dt>
<lx_te>No</lx_te>
<psm>V2</psm>
<incorp>N-V2</incorp>
<der>V2-alt-ni[+ca]</der>
<infv>class-2a</infv>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>to soften by soaking in water, so that (the item soaked) becomes fuzzy, loose, and spongy</sense_e>
<sense_s>ablandar al remojar, para que (el objeto remojado) se ponga velloso y esponjoso</sense_s>
<sense_d>Pending</sense_d>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>Xka:pochi:nalti un mexkahli para ixtli.</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>Soften that cactus in water to make rope (i.e., so that it can be shredded to make hemp twine).</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>Remoja ese cactus en agua para hacer cuerda (esto es, hasta que se ablande y se pueda trizar para hacer c&#225;&#241;amo enroscado).</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
</sense_egroup>
<root>a:</root>
<root>pochi:</root>
<disamb>a:pochi:ni; a:yema:nia</disamb>
<nae>Although the verbal base <klamoa>pochi:ni</klamoa>forms a transitive through nondirected alternation (<klamoa>pochi:na</klamoa>, this is not the case with the same verb and the incorporated noun root <kroot>a:</kroot>. Here there transitive alternation is through causative morphology: <klamoa>a:pochi:ni</klamoa>and <kamoa>a:pochi:naltia</kamoa>. The fact that the verb root manifests nondirected alternation but that the incorporated form manifests overt causative morphology is encoded in the derivational field. It provides another example how noun incorporation can affect the nature of transitivity alternations, or how transitivity alternations can affect the semantics of noun incorporation (see <klamoa>ma:kana:wa</klamoa>).</nae>
<qry>Note that although the pair /pochi:ni/ and /pochi:na/ exist as nondirected alternation, with the incorporated noun /a:/ it seems that only /a:pochi:ni/ and /a:pochi:naltia/ exist. This shoud be checked and if true, commented on in the grammar. For /a:yema:nia/, which is intransitive, determine whether a transitive exists (e.g., a:yema:nilia, which should if it exists, be added to the dictionary).</qry>
<grm>Noun incorporation; transitivity alternation: Although the verbal base <klamoa>pochi:ni</klamoa>forms a transitive through nondirected alternation (<klamoa>pochi:na</klamoa>, this is not the case with the same verb and the incorporated noun root <kroot>a:</kroot>. Here the transitive alternation is through causative morphology: <klamoa>a:pochi:ni</klamoa>and <kamoa>a:pochi:naltia</kamoa>. The fact that the verb root manifests nondirected alternation but that the incorporated form manifests overt causative morphology is encoded in the derivational field. It provides another example how noun incorporation can affect the nature of transitivity alternations, or how transitivity alternations can affect the semantics of noun incorporation (see <klamoa>ma:kana:wa</klamoa>).</grm>
<xrefgroup>
<xref>a:pochi:ni</xref>
<xref_t>verb_base</xref_t>
<xref_d>Am, Oa</xref_d>
</xrefgroup>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>01657</ref>
<lxam>a:tl</lxam>
<lxam_c>a:tl</lxam_c>
<lxoa>a:tl</lxoa>
<lxoa_c>a:tl</lxoa_c>
<dt>12/Feb/2006</dt>
<psm>N</psm>
<der>N-b</der>
<infn>Stem 2</infn>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>water</sense_e>
<sense_s>agua</sense_s>
<sense_d>Pending</sense_d>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>Xmaka a:chitsi:n ma:tsi:n!</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>Give him a little bit of your water!</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>&#161;Dale un poco de tu agua!</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
</sense_egroup>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>rain</sense_e>
<sense_s>lluvia; las aguas</sense_s>
<sense_d>Pending</sense_d>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>O:ki:s a:tl, ye tiaweh!</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>The rain has ended, let's go!</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>Dej&#243;de llover,&#161;ya nos vamos!</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
</sense_egroup>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>(poss. with <kn>-w</kn>, often in the diminutive) fontanelle; the solf spot on the crown of a child's head (Note that <kamoa>i:a:w</kamoa> is used when the soft spot has started to close and harden a little. If still very soft and open, then the diminutive <kamoa>i:a:tsi:n</kamoa> is used.)</sense_e>
<sense_s>(pos. con <kn>-w</kn>, a menudo en diminutivo) fontanela (N&#243;tese que se emplea <kamoa>i:a:w</kamoa> cuando la fontanela ya empez&#243;a cerrarse y endurecerse un poco. Si todav&#237;a est&#225;muy abierta y suave, el diminutivo <kamoa>i:a:tsi:n</kamoa> se emplea.)</sense_s>
<sense_d>Pending</sense_d>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>Deke se: pitentsi:n o:wetsito ia:w, xka:tila:na. Tihkamakwis a:tl, wa:n tikiyo:tila:na ipan itsontekon.</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>If the fontanelle of a young child's head falls in, pull it back up with water (i.e., suck it up with water in your mouth). You take water in your mouth and suck in aire with your mouth on the top of the child's head.</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>Si se le cae la fontanela a un ni&#241;o, j&#225;lala con agua (esto es, aspira sobre la fontanela con agua en tu boca). Tomas agua en la boca y respiras jalando aire con la boca puesta sobre su cabeza.</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
</sense_egroup>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>(intrinsic possession) juice (of a fruit); broth (of a cooked dish such as beans)</sense_e>
<sense_s>(posesi&#243;n intr&#237;nseca) jugo (de una fruta, de un caldo como de frijoles hirviendo)</sense_s>
<sense_d>Pending</sense_d>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>Kipia ia:yo un yetl.</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>Those beans have a lot of broth (i.e., there is a lot of water for the amount of beans cooked or served).</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>Esos frijoles tienen mucho caldo (esto es, hay mucha agua para la cantidad de frijoles cocidos o servidos).</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>Xoh kipia ia:yo.</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>It doesn't have juice anymore (e.g., a fruit that is somewhat dried out).</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>Ya no tiene jugo (p. ej., una fruta que ya se sec&#243;un poco).</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
</sense_egroup>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>(poss. with <kn>-yo</kn>) sap (of a tree)</sense_e>
<sense_s>(poss. con <kn>-yo</kn>) savia (de un&#225;rbol)</sense_s>
<sense_d>Pending</sense_d>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>Pipilkatok ia:yo un kohtli.</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>The sap of that tree is hanging down (from a cut in the bark, having slightly dried).</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>La savia de ese&#225;rbol se est&#225;colgando (de una cortada en la c&#225;scara, habi&#233;ndose secado ligeramente).</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
</sense_egroup>
<root>a:</root>
<qry>Check to see if /a:tl/ can also be used to refer to rain, i.e., o:ki:s a:tl.</qry>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>01658</ref>
<lxam>a:xo:chikuwtli</lxam>
<lxam_c>a:xo:chikuwtli</lxam_c>
<lxoa>ka:rrasal</lxoa>
<lxoa_cpend>ka:rrasal</lxoa_cpend>
<lxgen>a:xo:chitl</lxgen>
<lxvar>Tetel</lxvar>
<dt>11/Feb/2006</dt>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>see <klam>a:xo:chitl</klam></sense_e>
<sense_s>v&#233;ase <klam>a:xo:chitl</klam></sense_s>
<sense_d>Pending</sense_d>
</sense_egroup>
<semfld>plant</semfld>
<semfld>kuwtli</semfld>
<root>a:</root>
<root>xo:chi</root>
<root>kow</root>
<semrefgroup>
<semref>a:xo:chitl</semref>
<semref_t>equivalent</semref_t>
<semref_d>Am</semref_d>
</semrefgroup>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>01670</ref>
<lxam>a:xoxohko</lxam>
<lxam_c>a:xoxohko</lxam_c>
<lxoa>a:xoxohko</lxoa>
<lxoa_c>a:xoxohko</lxoa_c>
<dt>12/Feb/2006</dt>
<psm>N</psm>
<compound>N-Adj-Rel-k(o)</compound>
<der>N-loc-1-k(o)</der>
<infn>N1</infn>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>place where the water is green or green-blue (because it is deep)</sense_e>
<sense_s>lugar donde el agua es verde o verde-azul (por estar algo profunda)</sense_s>
<sense_d>Pending</sense_d>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>A:sta a:xoxohko. Wekatlan.</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>It is even a place where the water appears green. It is deep (i.e., not clear, shallow water).</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>Hasta es un lugar donde se ve verde el agua. Es profunda (esto es, no es clara por ser de poca profundidad).</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
</sense_egroup>
<root>a:</root>
<root>xowi</root>
<root_rel>-ko</root_rel>
<qry_h>a:xoxohko; should not have /h/ after first /xo/. But check.</qry_h>
<vl>Recheck vowel length of second /o/.</vl>
<grm>Note that locatives may be added to adjectivals. Here the locative /ko/ seems to occur on the adjective /xoxohki/. Note that this type of discussion does not seem to be found in classical; ask Launey.</grm>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>01684</ref>
<lxam>a:ixwi</lxam>
<lxam_c>a:ixwi</lxam_c>
<lxoa>a:ixwi</lxoa>
<lxoa_c>a:ixwi</lxoa_c>
<dt>12/Feb/2006</dt>
<lx_te>No</lx_te>
<psm>V1</psm>
<impers>tla-</impers>
<incorp>N-V1</incorp>
<der>V1-b</der>
<infv>class-3a(w)</infv>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>to become full or satisfied from drinking water or other liquids; to have ones fill of water or other liquids (a human or animate being)</sense_e>
<sense_s>llenarse o satisfacerse de beber agua u otro l&#237;quido (una persona o animal)</sense_s>
<sense_d>Pending</sense_d>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>Yo:na:ixwik.</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>I've had my fill of water.</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>Ya estoy satisfecho de lo que he bebido.</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>Xwe:i koni, saniman a:ixwi.</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>He doesn't drink a lot, he gets his fill of water right away.</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>No toma mucha agua, luego luego se satisface.</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
</sense_egroup>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>to get a full tank (a car)</sense_e>
<sense_s>llenarse el tanque (un coche)</sense_s>
<sense_d>Pending</sense_d>
</sense_egroup>
<root>a:</root>
<root>xwi</root>
<nse><kamoa>A:ixwi</kamoa> refers to either a human or animal that gets its fill of water, is satisfied, and does not desire any more.</nse>
<nae>The transitive takes the causative marker <kn>-tia</kn> rather than manifesting <kn>-wi/-wia</kn> non-directed alternation. This suggests that <kamoa>a:ixwi</kamoa> should be considered an unergative, not an unaccusative, verb, a fact quite consistent with the fact that the subject of <kam>a:ixwi</kam> is always an animate. This demonstrates that it is not the phonological structure of the verb (here superficially a <kn>-wi</kn> verb) that is the dominant factor in transitivity alternations, but the argument structure of the verb. Given the nature of the intransitive/transitive alternation, <kn>a:ixwi</kn> is classified as a basic verb with a causative morphologically marked form, <kamoa>a:ixwi:tia</kamoa>.</nae>
<xrefgroup>
<xref>a:ixwi:tia</xref>
<xref_t>val_add_caus</xref_t>
<xref_d>Am, Oa</xref_d>
</xrefgroup>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>01709</ref>
<lxam>a:lamatsi:n</lxam>
<lxam_c>a:lamatsi:n</lxam_c>
<lxoa>a:l&#225;mats&#237;:n</lxoa>
<lxoa_pr>a:lamatsi:n</lxoa_pr>
<lxoa_c>a:l&#225;mats&#237;:n</lxoa_c>
<dt>12/Feb/2006</dt>
<psm>N</psm>
<compound>N-N</compound>
<der>N-tsi:n</der>
<infn>N1</infn>
<pitch>yes-lex</pitch>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>literally the 'old woman of the water'; a being that lives underwater with her husband. They are frequently the cause of illness and soul-loss of people who are frightened near or in the river. Offerings are given to appease her and <klamoa>a:we:we:ntsi:n</klamoa>and gain the return of lost and frightened souls.</sense_e>
<sense_s>literalmente la 'anciana del agua', un ser que vive dentro del agua con su esposo: A menudo son ellos la causa de las enfermedades y la p&#233;rdida de alma de gente que se asustan cerca de o adentro del r&#237;o. se le hacen ofrendas a ella y a <klamoa>a:we:we:ntsi:n</klamoa>para obtener el regresos de almas perdidas y asustadas.</sense_s>
<sense_d>Pending</sense_d>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>Ma:ka mitsa:tila:nas a:lamatsi:n.</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>Don't let&quot;the old woman of the water&quot;drag you away into the water.</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>No dejes que&quot;la anciana del agua&quot;te jale dentro del agua.</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
</sense_egroup>
<root>a:</root>
<root>lamah</root>
<ency_note>tlakaka:wa</ency_note>
<qry>Cf. folklore notes and entry under /ka:wa/, as in /tlakaka:wa/.</qry>
<mod>Add a text on these beings.</mod>
<ilus_note>Illustrate</ilus_note>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>01730</ref>
<lxam>a:pochi:nki</lxam>
<lxam_c>a:pochi:nki</lxam_c>
<lxoa>a:pochi:nki</lxoa>
<lxoa_c>a:pochi:nki</lxoa_c>
<dt>24/Oct/2005</dt>
<psm>Adj</psm>
<compound>N-Adj</compound>
<der>Adj-dvb-ki</der>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>to be soft and fuzzy from haven gotten wet or to have being soaked in water (e.g., tortillas, paper, clothes covered in dirt from which the dirt becomes loose)</sense_e>
<sense_s>estar blando o esponjado por haberse mojado o haber estado remojando en agua (p. ej., tortillas, papel, ropa cubierta tener mugre que se hab&#237;a ablandado)</sense_s>
<sense_d>Pending</sense_d>
</sense_egroup>
<root>a:</root>
<root>pochi:</root>
<disamb>a:yema:nki; a:pochi:nki</disamb>
<vl>Note that Oapan /&#225;:poch&#237;:ni/ has p-a whereas adjectival /a:pochi:ni/ does not. Check that this is indeed the case, and check for reasons, i.e., is the verbal form given in elicitation just an alternative to a non-reduplicated form.</vl>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>01768</ref>
<lxam>kwa:te:kia</lxam>
<lxam_c>kikwa:te:kia</lxam_c>
<lxoa>kwa:te:kia</lxoa>
<lxoa_c>kikwa:te:kia</lxoa_c>
<dt>12/Feb/2006</dt>
<lx_te>No</lx_te>
<psm>V2</psm>
<incorp>N-V2</incorp>
<der>V2-d-ap</der>
<infv>class-2a</infv>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>to baptize</sense_e>
<sense_s>bautizar</sense_s>
<sense_d>Pending</sense_d>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>Yo:nokwa:te:kih.</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>He is already baptized.</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>Ya se bautiz&#243;.</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>Nikontas deke tlakwa:te:ki:s.</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>I will go see if he (a priest) will be conducting baptisms.</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>Voy a ver si est&#225;llevando a cabo bautizos (un sacerdote).</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
</sense_egroup>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>to christen; to name for the first time</sense_e>
<sense_s>bautizar; darle un nombre por primera vez (e.g., a una cosa que antes no ten&#237;a nombre)</sense_s>
<sense_d>Pending</sense_d>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>Tlato:hli de nika:n o:ihk&#243;n o:kikwa:te:kikeh yewa un abi&#243;:n, pa:mpa i:ksan tla:katl te:nono:tsayan.</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>It (in this case <klam>teposto:to:tl</klam>) is a word from here, that's the way they christened the airplane, because that's the way people from a long time ago used to converse.</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>Es (en este caso <klam>teposto:to:tl</klam>) una palabra de aqu&#237;, es as&#237;como bautizaron el avi&#243;n, porque as&#237;placticaban la gente de antes.</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
</sense_egroup>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>to pull a fast one on</sense_e>
<sense_s>enga&#241;ar a; hacerle una jugarreta a; verle la cara a</sense_s>
<sense_d>Pending</sense_d>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>O:kinkwa:te:kite:w pa:mpa o:kinkakaya:wte:w.</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>He put one over on them upon leaving because he deceived them just before he left.</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>Les vi&#243;la cara al salir porque los engan&#243;justamente antes de partir.</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
</sense_egroup>
<root>kwa:</root>
<root>a:</root>
<root>te:ka</root>
<nae>Although further analysis is necessary, <kam>kwa:te:kia</kam> appears to be an alternative applicative form ending in <kn>-ia</kn>. The use of <kn>-ia</kn> as a valency increasing device is not altogether uncommon. Note also that this verb inevitably refers to human patients (as grammatical objects) it also inevitably takes the non-specific object prefix <kn>tla-</kn> rather than <kn>te:-</kn>.</nae>
<grm>The phrase with /oihk&#243;n/ is found on directional tape #1, 011. This should be rechecked. If confirmed, enter this into the grammar as an example of the nature of the perfective clitic /o:-/. /Tlato:hli de nika:n o:ihk&#243;n o:kikwa:te:kikeh yewa un abi&#243;:n, pampa i:ksan tla:katl te:nono:tsayan/ 'It (<kam>teposto:to:tl</kam>) is a word from here, that's the way they christened the airplane, because that's the way people from a long time ago used to converse.'</grm>
<grm>Discuss the applicative verbs in /a/>/ia/ as in /-ka:wia/, /-te:kia/, /-te:mia/, etc. Cf. Launey's discussion. Note that the applicative of these only seems to occur when there is in IN.</grm>
<xrefgroup>
<xref>kwa:te:kilia</xref>
<xref_t>val_add_applic</xref_t>
<xref_d>Am, Oa</xref_d>
</xrefgroup>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>01808</ref>
<lxam>a:te:mi</lxam>
<lxam_c>a:te:mi</lxam_c>
<lxoa>a:te:mi</lxoa>
<lxoa_c>a:te:mi</lxoa_c>
<dt>12/Feb/2006</dt>
<lx_te>No</lx_te>
<psm>V1</psm>
<impers>tla-</impers>
<incorp>N-V1</incorp>
<der>V1-alt-mi</der>
<infv>class-3a(m)</infv>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>to become filled with water (a ditch)</sense_e>
<sense_s>llenarse de agua (una zanja)</sense_s>
<sense_d>Pending</sense_d>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>Yo:a:te:n kwentli.</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>The furrows have gotten filled with water (e.g., after a heavy summer rain).</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>Los surcos se han llenado de agua (p. ej., despu&#233;s de una lluvia fuerte de verano).</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>O:pe:w kiawi, yo:a:te:n.</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>It has started to rain, it (e.g., a ditch) has filled up with water.</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>Empez&#243;a llover, ya se llen&#243;con agua (p. ej., una zanja).</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
</sense_egroup>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>to be almost ripe; to be just getting juicy (a fruit as it&quot;fills up with water&quot;and is still not fully ripe, but is&quot;full of water&quot;and can be eaten; a fruit that is <kam>a:te:nki</kam> is between <kam>selik</kam> and <kam>yo:iksik</kam> ; it is still not ripe, <kam>xechika:wi</kam>)</sense_e>
<sense_s>estar casi a saz&#243;n; estar poni&#233;ndose jugoso (una fruta al&quot;llenarse de agua&quot;; todav&#237;a no est&#225;completamente madura, pero est&#225;&quot;llena de agua&quot;y ya se puede comer; una fruta que est&#225; <kam>a:te:nki</kam> est&#225;entre <kam>selik</kam> and <kam>yo:iksik</kam> , pero todav&#237;a no madura, <kam>xechika:wi</kam>)</sense_s>
<sense_d>Pending</sense_d>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>Kemech a:te:mis un xokotl.</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>That plum is on the verge of becomeing ripe.</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>Esa ciruela est&#225;a punto de madurarse.</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>Yo:pe:w aga:te:mi. Ye totoma:wtok, ye yaw para iksis.</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>They (pieces of fruit such as mango, <klamoa>xokotl</klamoa>, tomato, watermelon, etc.) have started to get ripe (but are still somewhat green). They are getting fat, they are on their way to ripening.</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>Ellas (piezas de fruta tales como mango, ciruela, tomate, sand&#237;a) ya empezaron a sazonarse (pero est&#225;n todav&#237;a verdes). Se est&#225;n quedando gordas, ya est&#225;n para ponerse maduras.</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>San a:te:ntok un xokotl.</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>That plum is becoming ripe.</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>Esa ciruela est&#225;casi madura</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
</sense_egroup>
<root>a:</root>
<root>te:m</root>
<ency_note>tla:kihli (i.e., stages of)</ency_note>
<nse>When a fruit is <kamoa>a:te:nki</kamoa> it is not fully ripe, it is still somewhat green and just starting to fill out. It is hard but it is edible. Thus, according to one Ameyaltepec consultant, when the <kam>kopaxokotl</kam> is <kam>a:te:ntok</kam> it is also called <kam>xokotl de tlatlatstopo:ni</kam> ; it is not fully ripe but rather greeen and thus makes a crunching sound while being eaten. <kam>A:te:mi</kam> can be used in a vulgar sense, at least in Ameyaltepec, to refer to a pregnant woman, the subject of the verb: <kam>On ne:nkah sowa:tl, yo:pe:w a:te:mi, ne:si ye o:stli</kam> 'That woman over there, she's has a swollen belly, it appears that she is pregnant.' ('Aquella mujer, ya tiene la barriga hinchada, parece que ya est&#225;embarazada.').</nse>
<mod>Create an onomasiological section for fruits in which their growth cycle is discussed, the laws for fruit, etc.</mod>
<qry>Apparently can also refer to the inside of a house getting filled with water, etc. Check this. Also check whether when referring to a person it can only be used to indicate pregnancy and whether in refering to pregnancy it can be used to refer to any animal.</qry>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>01839</ref>
<lxam>a:mantli</lxam>
<lxam_c>a:mantli</lxam_c>
<lxoa>a:mantli</lxoa>
<lxoa_c>a:mantli</lxoa_c>
<dt>22/Oct/2005</dt>
<psm>N</psm>
<compound>N-N</compound>
<der>N-dvb-perf</der>
<infn>Stem 1(n)</infn>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>standing water</sense_e>
<sense_s>agua estancada</sense_s>
<sense_d>Oa</sense_d>
</sense_egroup>
<root>a:</root>
<root>man</root>
<semrefgroup>
<semref>a:manahli</semref>
<semref_t>synonym</semref_t>
<semref_d>Am</semref_d>
</semrefgroup>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>01955</ref>
<lxam>a:wa:xkuwtli</lxam>
<lxam_c>a:wa:xkuwtli</lxam_c>
<dt>22/Oct/2005</dt>
<psm>N</psm>
<compound>(N-N)-N</compound>
<der>N-b</der>
<infn>Stem 1(w)</infn>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e><l>Leucaena leucocephala</l>(Lam.) DeWit, <spn>guaje</spn> of the Fabaceae (ex Leguminosae) family with edible fruit</sense_e>
<sense_s><l>Leucaena leucocephala</l>(Lam.) DeWit, <spn>guaje</spn> de la familia Fabaceae (ex Leguminosae) con frutos comestibles</sense_s>
<sense_d>Am</sense_d>
</sense_egroup>
<semfld>plant</semfld>
<semfld>kohtli</semfld>
<root>a:</root>
<root>wa:x</root>
<root>kow</root>
<semrefgroup>
<semref>a:wa:xinkuwtli</semref>
<semref_t>equivalent</semref_t>
<semref_d>Am</semref_d>
</semrefgroup>
<semrefgroup>
<semref>kalwa:xkohtli</semref>
<semref_t>equivalent</semref_t>
<semref_d>Oa</semref_d>
</semrefgroup>
<semrefgroup>
<semref>kalwa:xin</semref>
<semref_t>equivalent</semref_t>
<semref_d>Oa</semref_d>
</semrefgroup>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>01961</ref>
<lxam>tenexa:tl</lxam>
<lxam_c>tenexa:tl</lxam_c>
<lxoa>tenexa:tl</lxoa>
<lxoa_c>tenexa:tl</lxoa_c>
<dt>12/Feb/2006</dt>
<psm>N</psm>
<compound>N-N</compound>
<der>N-b</der>
<infn>Stem 2</infn>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>water, mixed with lime, used for making <klam>nextamahli</klam> and for whitewashing walls (when employed for this latter purpose a little salt is added to the water so that the whitewash does not get on the clothes of people who lean up against the wall)</sense_e>
<sense_s>agua mezclada con cal utilizada para hacer nixtamal y para pintar paredes (para este&#250;ltimo uso se le agrega un poquito de sal para que no manche a la ropa de las personas que se recarguen sobre la pared)</sense_s>
<sense_d>Pending</sense_d>
</sense_egroup>
<semfld>material</semfld>
<root>te</root>
<root>nex</root>
<root>a:</root>
<qry>There is no documentation of the possessed form, but I have nevertheless coded it. Note that I originally had this defined as mortar/mezcla.</qry>
<semrefgroup>
<semref>tenexa:wi:teki</semref>
<semref_t>confer</semref_t>
<semref_d>Oa</semref_d>
</semrefgroup>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>02012</ref>
<lxam>a:tlakali</lxam>
<lxam_c>ka:tlakali</lxam_c>
<lxoa>&#225;:tlak&#225;li</lxoa>
<lxoa_pr>&#225;:tlakali</lxoa_pr>
<lxoa_c>k&#225;:tlak&#225;li</lxoa_c>
<dt>12/Feb/2006</dt>
<lx_te>No</lx_te>
<psm>V2</psm>
<incorp>N-V2</incorp>
<der>V2-b</der>
<infv>class-3a</infv>
<pitch>yes-lex</pitch>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>to throw into the water (sth or sb, either in play or to kill the person, perhaps throwing him off a ledge into the water, tied up or with rocks as weights)</sense_e>
<sense_s>aventar al agua (algo o a algn, tal vez jugando o hasta para matar, aventando la persona de lo alto, quiz&#225;s atada o con piedras amarradas)</sense_s>
<sense_d>Pending</sense_d>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>Mitsa:tlakaliskeh.</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>They will throw you into the water.</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>Te van a aventar al agua.</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
</sense_egroup>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>(refl.) to dive or jump into water (from outside, e.g., the bank of a river)</sense_e>
<sense_s>(refl.) clavarse o saltar al agua (desde afuera del agua, p. ej., la ribera de un r&#237;o)</sense_s>
<sense_d>Pending</sense_d>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>Xmotlalo, xma:tlakali! Xkita ke:n mi&#225;k michin yo:panwetsikon -=yo:panwetskeh-!</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>Run, throw yourself into the water! Look how many fish have come to the surface (in this case after having used a <spn>m&#225;quina</spn> to fish, stunning them so they surface)!</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>&#161;Corre, avi&#233;ntate al agua!&#161;Ve que tantos pescados ya subieron a la superficie (p. ej., despu&#233;s de usar una&quot;m&#225;quina&quot;para pescar, dej&#225;ndo a los peces aturdidos)!</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
</sense_egroup>
<qry>Check to determine whether in Oapan this always occurs with pitch accent. For now lxop has been given as /&#225;:tlak&#225;li/</qry>
<root>a:</root>
<root>tlahkali</root>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>02087</ref>
<lxam>xo:chia:pa:ntli</lxam>
<lxam_c>xo:chia:pa:ntli</lxam_c>
<lxoa>xo:chi&#225;:p&#225;:ntli</lxoa>
<lxoa_c>xo:chi&#225;:p&#225;:ntli</lxoa_c>
<dt>12/Feb/2006</dt>
<psm>N</psm>
<der>N-b</der>
<infn>Stem 1(n)</infn>
<pitch>yes</pitch>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>pattern of leaves (only of certain appropriate plants) that are placed as a bedding under the offering of <klam>yo:ltamalteh</klam> as part of the 'soul-raising ceremony known as <klam>tlakaka:walistli</klam> ; the <kam>xo:chia:pantli</kam> may be in various forms, depending upon the requisites of the ceremony; see <kloa>&#225;:p&#225;:ntl&#237;</kloa>)</sense_e>
<sense_s>arreglo de hojas (de solamente ciertas plantas) que se colocan como colch&#243;n abajo de la ofrenda de <klam>yo:ltamalteh</klam> que forman para de la ceremonia de 'levantamiento de sombra' que se conoce en n&#225;huatl como <klam>tlakaka:walistli</klam> ; el <kam>xo:chia:pantli</kam> puede estar en varias formas dependiendo de los requisitos de la ceremonia; v&#233;ase <koa>&#225;:p&#225;:ntl&#237;</koa>)</sense_s>
<sense_d>Am</sense_d>
</sense_egroup>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>garland of marigolds or <kboa>s&#225;sanmig&#233;:ltsi:n</kboa>that are placed around the necks of saints (syn. Oa <koa>&#225;:p&#225;:ntl&#237;</koa>)</sense_e>
<sense_s>guirnalda de sempoalxochitl o <kboa>s&#225;sanmig&#233;:ltsi:n</kboa>que se colocan por los cuellos de los santos (sin. Oa <koa>&#225;:p&#225;:ntl&#237;</koa>)</sense_s>
<sense_d>Oa</sense_d>
</sense_egroup>
<root>xo:chi</root>
<root>a:</root>
<root>pa:n</root>
<disamb>tlakaka:walistli</disamb>
<qry>Check the vowel length in the Oapan form. During the recording I heard a long vowel in /pa:n/. However, if it were long it should retain the pitch-accent. Thus even though I have heard it long, I have written short. Check. I have checked this with R. Mauricio and it appears to definitely have a long penult vowel that retains p-a.</qry>
<mod>In the def. for Ameyaltepec I have a reference at the end:&quot;see <koa>&#225;:pantl&#237;</koa>. This originally was and nlo tag... but I don't have a lexical entry for Oa&#225;:pantl&#237;. Hence I have changed this to and no tag. Nevertheless, check this and either create appropriate entry or delete the xref here.</mod>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>02097</ref>
<lxam>a:xi:xtekomatl</lxam>
<lxam_c>a:xi:xtekomatl</lxam_c>
<lxoa>a:xi:xtekomatl</lxoa>
<lxoa_c>a:xi:xtekomatl</lxoa_c>
<dt>22/Oct/2005</dt>
<psm>N</psm>
<compound>N-N</compound>
<der>N-b</der>
<infn>Stem 2</infn>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>bladder</sense_e>
<sense_s>vejiga</sense_s>
<sense_d>Pending</sense_d>
</sense_egroup>
<semfld>body</semfld>
<root>a:</root>
<root>xi:xa</root>
<root>tekoma</root>
<qry>Reconfirm that the unpossessed also exists. This would seem to be the case given that in elicitation for the Oapan form I believe that the unpossessed form was given.</qry>
<vl>Check length of final /o/ and check whether unpossessed form also exists.</vl>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>02199</ref>
<lxam>yesa:tli</lxam>
<lxam_c>kiyesa:tli</lxam_c>
<lxoa>yesa:tli</lxoa>
<lxoa_c>kiyesa:tli</lxoa_c>
<dt>11/Feb/2006</dt>
<lx_te>No</lx_te>
<psm>V2</psm>
<incorp>N-[N-V1]</incorp>
<der>V2-b</der>
<infv>class-4a(oni)</infv>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>to drink the blood of</sense_e>
<sense_s>chupar o beber la sangre de</sense_s>
<sense_d>Pending</sense_d>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>Kanah u:nkah kuwatl mitsyesa:tli:s. Kihlian tli:lkowatl. Kikalakti:s iko:lah itik moyekatso:l, kwa:kon kiki:xti:s yestli.</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>There's a snake somewhere that drinks your blood. It is called a 'black snake.' It puts its tail into your nose, then it takes out blood.</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>Hay una culebra en alg&#250;n lugar que te bebe la sangre. Lo llaman 'serpiente negra.' Mete su cola por la nariz, entonces te chupa la sangre.</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
</sense_egroup>
<root>es</root>
<root>a:</root>
<root>i:</root>
<nae>Like <kamoa>a:tli</kamoa>, <kam>yesa:tli</kam> can be both intransitive (with incorporated noun as patient) and transitive (with incorporated noun an example of&quot;possessor raising&quot;and not reducing valency).</nae>
<qry>Reconfirm that this can be a transitive verb, this would agree with the transitivity of /a:tli/, /po:ki/, etc. which are also both intransitive and transitive.</qry>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>02256</ref>
<lxam>a:michin</lxam>
<lxam_c>a:michin</lxam_c>
<dt>11/Feb/2006</dt>
<psm>N</psm>
<compound>N-N</compound>
<der>N-b-in</der>
<infn>Stem 4</infn>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>type of small fish that sparkles, still not identified but perhaps the <spn>platilla</spn></sense_e>
<sense_s>tipo de pescadito que brilla, todav&#237;a no identificado pero quiz&#225;el que se conoce como platilla</sense_s>
<sense_d>Am</sense_d>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>A:michin, yewa pepetlaka.</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>The fish named <kam>a:michin</kam> , they sparkle (glitter).</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>El pez llamado <kam>a:michin</kam> , brilla.</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
</sense_egroup>
<semfld>animal</semfld>
<semfld>marine</semfld>
<root>a:</root>
<root>mich</root>
<qry>Confirm that /a:michin/ is identical to /michpe:petla:ni/.</qry>
<semrefgroup>
<semref>michpe:petla:ni</semref>
<semref_t>synonym</semref_t>
<semref_d>Am</semref_d>
</semrefgroup>
<semrefgroup>
<semref>michpe:petla:n</semref>
<semref_t>synonym</semref_t>
<semref_d>Oa</semref_d>
</semrefgroup>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>02260</ref>
<lxam>a:poso:nki</lxam>
<lxam_c>a:poso:nki</lxam_c>
<lxoa>a:poso:nki</lxoa>
<lxoa_c>a:poso:nki</lxoa_c>
<dt>12/Feb/2006</dt>
<psm>N</psm>
<compound>N-Adj</compound>
<der>Adj-dvb-ki</der>
<infn>N1</infn>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>water that has been boiled</sense_e>
<sense_s>agua hervida</sense_s>
<sense_d>Am, Oa</sense_d>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>A:poso:nki, yo:posonka.</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>It is boiled water, it had already boiled (but is now not boiling, or maybe not even hot).</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>Es agua hervida, ya se hab&#237;a hervido (pero ahora no est&#225;hirviendo, puede ser que ni est&#225;caliente).</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
</sense_egroup>
<root>a:</root>
<root>poso:</root>
<qry>Check for possible possessed ?na:poso:nka:w. If this is correct change /infn coding.</qry>
<grm>A:poso:nki, yo:posonka. It is boiled water, it had already boiled (but is now not boiling, or maybe not even hot). Note how the pluperfect is used here to indicate that the water had been boiled; it is boiled, but not boiling, water.</grm>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>02333</ref>
<lxam>a:tl tsope:lik</lxam>
<lxam_c>a:tl tsope:lik</lxam_c>
<dt>11/Feb/2006</dt>
<psm>N</psm>
<compound>N-Adj</compound>
<der>Adj-para-ki/ya/lia</der>
<trans>~Intrans; ~Trans</trans>
<infn>N1</infn>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>sweet water</sense_e>
<sense_s>agua dulce</sense_s>
<sense_d>Am</sense_d>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>Bwe:noh para kaf&#233;:h, para a:tl tsope:lik. Noposo:nia ixiwio.</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>It (in this case <kbam>damia:nah</kbam>) is good for coffee, for sweet water. Its leaves are boiled in water.</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>Es (en este caso <kbam>damia:nah</kbam>) es bueno para caf&#233;, para agua dulce. Se hierven sus hojas en agua.</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
</sense_egroup>
<root>a:</root>
<root>tsope:l</root>
<grm>Noun incorporation; compounding</grm>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>02408</ref>
<lxam>Wepan</lxam>
<lxam_alt>Wa:pan</lxam_alt>
<lxam_c>Wepan</lxam_c>
<lxoa>Wa:pan</lxoa>
<lxoa_alt>Wa:pah</lxoa_alt>
<lxoa_c>Wa:pan</lxoa_c>
<dt>22/Oct/2005</dt>
<psm>N</psm>
<der>N-loc-1-pan</der>
<infn>N1(loc)</infn>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>Oapan</sense_e>
<sense_s>Oapan</sense_s>
<sense_d>Pending</sense_d>
</sense_egroup>
<semfld>toponym</semfld>
<root>owa</root>
<root>a:</root>
<root_rel>-pan</root_rel>
<vl>Use final token of FM.</vl>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>02502</ref>
<lxam>a:yo:tia</lxam>
<lxam_c>ka:yo:tia</lxam_c>
<lxoa>a:yo:tia</lxoa>
<lxoa_c>ka:yo:tia</lxoa_c>
<dt>12/Feb/2006</dt>
<lx_te>No</lx_te>
<psm>V2</psm>
<der>V2-para-h/wa/tia</der>
<trans>~Intrans</trans>
<infv>class-2a</infv>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>to add water to (e.g., broths, beans, other substances that have some water but need more)</sense_e>
<sense_s>agregarle agua a (p. ej., caldo, frijoles, substancias que tienen algo de agua pero que les hace falta m&#225;s)</sense_s>
<sense_d>Pending</sense_d>
</sense_egroup>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>(refl.) to blister (in reference to blister with watery liquid inside)</sense_e>
<sense_s>(refl.) ampollarse (en referencia a ampollas con un l&#237;quido aguado adentro)</sense_s>
<sense_d>Pending</sense_d>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>Ne:xhkukwa nowera:ch, yo:na:yo:tih nokxi.</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>My sandals hurt me, my feet have become blistered.</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>Me aprietan los huaraches, ya me salieron ampollitas.</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
</sense_egroup>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>(refl.) to get infected (i.e., with pus)</sense_e>
<sense_s>(refl.) infectarse (esto es, con pus)</sense_s>
<sense_d>Pending</sense_d>
</sense_egroup>
<root>a:</root>
<qry>Determine difference between /a:yo:ki:sa/ and /a:yo:tia/, if one exists. Also check for the various words that indicate 'to become watery,' 'to make watery,' etc. (perhaps do a search for root /a:/). Check for intransitive /a:yowa/, or other equal intransitives. A problem is to determine the difference between /a:yo:tia/ and /a:yo:tilia/. The former is glossed in many places as 'to add water to (broth, beans, other substances that have some water but need more)' as it is above. However, I also have the applicative with the same meaning. The difference between /xka:yo:ti moyew/ and /xka:yo:tili moyew/ should be checked, as indeed should the question as to whether both are correct. Cr. Flores denied the correctness of /Toto:nka:pachiwtok noma:se:katitlan, yo:pe:w na:yo:tia./ 'My armpit is hot and cramped, it's started to get wet from sweat.' I had defined this as '(refl.) to get wet from sweat' and have since removed it. Check.</qry>
<mod>Add disambiguation notes as necessary.</mod>
<grm>/-tia/: note the difference between /a:tia/ 'to become watery' and /a:yo:tia/, which is a transitive verb meaning 'to water down' or 'to add water to.'</grm>
<xrefgroup>
<xref>a:yo:tilia</xref>
<xref_t>val_add_applic</xref_t>
<xref_d>Am, Oa</xref_d>
</xrefgroup>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>02505</ref>
<lxam>a:xo:lo:tl</lxam>
<lxam_c>a:xo:lo:tl</lxam_c>
<lxoa>a:xo:lo:tl</lxoa>
<lxoa_c>a:xo:lo:tl</lxoa_c>
<dt>01/Mar/2006</dt>
<psm>N</psm>
<infn>N1(dom)</infn>
<compound>N-N</compound>
<der>N-b</der>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>tadpole, type of water animal that turns into the frog called <kboa>mariantsi:n</kboa>in Oapan</sense_e>
<sense_s>reinacuajo, tipo de animal acu&#225;tico que se vuelve rana llamado <kboa>mariantsi:n</kboa>en Oapan</sense_s>
<sense_d>Pending</sense_d>
</sense_egroup>
<semfld>animal</semfld>
<semfld>marine</semfld>
<root>a:</root>
<root>xo:lo:</root>
<nse>Translation is still uncertain although various individuals have said that the <kam>a:xo:lo:tl</kam> becomes (<kam>nokwepa</kam>) a <spn>rana</spn>(frog). Roberto Mauricio (Oa) classified the <kamoa>a:xo:lo:tl</kamoa> as a type of <kamoa>michin</kamoa>.</nse>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>02514</ref>
<lxam>tla:ltia</lxam>
<lxam_alt>tla:tlia</lxam_alt>
<lxam_c>tla:ltia</lxam_c>
<lxoa>tla:ltia</lxoa>
<lxoa_c>tla:ltia</lxoa_c>
<dt>09/Feb/2006</dt>
<lx_te>No</lx_te>
<psm>V1</psm>
<impers>tla-</impers>
<incorp>tla-V2</incorp>
<der>V2-b</der>
<infv>class-2b</infv>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>to make candles</sense_e>
<sense_s>hacer velas</sense_s>
<sense_d>Pending</sense_d>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>A:man xnika:xilia: pa:mpa nitla:lti:s.</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>Today I do not have time because I will make candles.</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>Hoy no tengo tiempo porque voy a hacer velas.</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>Nika:n nikpa:tlatok nose:rah para nitla:lti:s.</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>I'm melting down my wax here in order to make candles.</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>Aqu&#237;estoy derritiendo mi cera para hacer velas.</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
</sense_egroup>
<root>a:</root>
<xrefgroup>
<xref>a:ltia</xref>
<xref_t>minus_tla</xref_t>
<xref_d>Am, Oa</xref_d>
</xrefgroup>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>02526</ref>
<lxam>a:miki</lxam>
<lxam_c>a:miki</lxam_c>
<lxoa>a:miki</lxoa>
<lxoa_c>a:miki</lxoa_c>
<dt>05/Mar/2006</dt>
<lx_te>No</lx_te>
<psm>V1</psm>
<incorp>N-V1</incorp>
<der>V1-b</der>
<infv>class-3a(k)</infv>
<impers>-lo</impers>
<impers_d>Oa</impers_d>
<impers>-:lo</impers>
<impers_d>Am</impers_d>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>to be thirsty (prototypically for water, but also used to indicate a desire to drink sth alcoholic)</sense_e>
<sense_s>tener sed (protipicamente por agua, pero tambi&#233;n se utiliza para indicar un deseo para beber algo alcoh&#243;lico)</sense_s>
<sense_d>Pending</sense_d>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>Na:miki, xne:chaka a:chitsi:n ma:w.</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>I am thirsty, give me a little bit of your water.</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>Tengo sed, d&#225;me un poquito de tu agua.</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
</sense_egroup>
<root>a:</root>
<root>miki</root>
<qry>Check imperfective form with this verb and all /i/-final verbs.</qry>
<mod>Determine the best way to xref words with rdp verb-stem.</mod>
<grm>Note how reduplication here occurs on the verb stem; this should be discussed in regards to both reduplication and noun incorporation. That is, it would seem to be rare for the incorporated element to reduplicate (this is also the case with</grm>
<semrefgroup>
<semref>a:mi:miki</semref>
<semref_t>confer</semref_t>
<semref_d>Am, Oa</semref_d>
</semrefgroup>
<xrefgroup>
<xref>a:miktia</xref>
<xref_t>val_add_caus</xref_t>
<xref_d>Am</xref_d>
</xrefgroup>
<xrefgroup>
<xref>a:mihtia</xref>
<xref_t>val_add_caus</xref_t>
<xref_d>Oa</xref_d>
</xrefgroup>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>02535</ref>
<lxam>a:petla:nwia</lxam>
<lxam_c>ka:petla:nwia</lxam_c>
<lxoa>a:petla:nwia</lxoa>
<lxoa_alt>a:petla:wia</lxoa_alt>
<lxoa_f>[a: pe tla: 'wi a]</lxoa_f>
<lxoa_c>na:petla:nwiya, na:petla:wiya</lxoa_c>
<dt>12/Feb/2006</dt>
<lx_te>No</lx_te>
<psm>V2</psm>
<incorp>N-V2</incorp>
<der>V2-b</der>
<infv>class-2a</infv>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>to flood or innundate (a field)</sense_e>
<sense_s>inundar con agua (un terreno)</sense_s>
<sense_d>Am</sense_d>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>O:ka:petla:nwih itla:l, kibarbe:cho:s.</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>He innundated his field, he will plow it it for planting.</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>El inund&#243;su campo, lo va a barbechar.</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
</sense_egroup>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>(refl.-anticaus.) to become flooded (a place); to get flooded and washed away (land by a river)</sense_e>
<sense_s>(refl.-anticaus.) inundarse (un lugar); innundarse y arrastrarse (un terreno, por un r&#237;o crecido)</sense_s>
<sense_d>Am, Oa</sense_d>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>O:na:petla:nwih ka:n o:nito:kak pa:mpa o:kalak we:i a:tl, o:we:iak.</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>The place where I planted got washed away, the swollen river entered into it (the field), it (the river) got big.</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>El lugar donde sembr&#233;se arrastr&#243;por el r&#237;o crecido que le entr&#243;, se subi&#243;(el r&#237;o).</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>O:na:petla:nwih nokalitsi:n. O:kalahka a:tepe:ya:tl.</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>The inside of my house got innundated and washed away. Flood waters entered into it (but have now subsided).</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>Se inund&#243;y se arrastr&#243;el interior de mi casa. Entraron las aguas torrenciales de la lluvia (pero ya bajaron).</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
</sense_egroup>
<root>a:</root>
<root>petla:</root>
<nse>Most documented uses of this verb are in the reflexive (anticausative) form, referring to land washed away by a river, flood waters, or similar processes. In fact, in Oapan only the reflexive is found. However, in Ameyaltepec it may apparently may be used as a simple transitive, at least by some speakers, to refer to the intentional flooding of a field. But this use might be idiosyncratic.</nse>
<nae>Note that in Oapan speakers vary in whether the nasal deletes before /w/. In the speech samples Florencia Marcelino retains /n/ whereas in the speech of Inocencio Jim&#233;nez it is deleted.</nae>
<grm>Oapan phonology: Note optional loss of /n/ in this word.</grm>
<vl>Make sure that the clearest examples of the difference between female (first) and male speech is present: female retains /n/, male loses it.</vl>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>02538</ref>
<lxam>a:tlapachiwi</lxam>
<lxam_c>a:tlapachiwi</lxam_c>
<dt>12/Feb/2006</dt>
<lx_te>No</lx_te>
<psm>V1</psm>
<impers>tla-</impers>
<incorp>N-V1</incorp>
<der>V1-alt-wi</der>
<trans>~Trans</trans>
<infv>class-3a(w)</infv>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>to be or become innundated or flooded</sense_e>
<sense_s>inundarse; anegarse; quedarse inundado</sense_s>
<sense_d>Pending</sense_d>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>O:a:tlapachiw nomi:l pa:mpa chika:wak o:kiaw. Ipan o:pano:k a:tepe:ya:tl.</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>My field got flooded with water because it rained very hard. Rushing flood waters passed right over it.</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>Se inund&#243;mi milpa porque llovi&#243;fuerte. pas&#243;directamente sobre ella un torrente de agua de lluvia.</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>A:tlapachiwtok nomi:l.</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>My corn field is innundated.</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>Mi milpa est&#225;inundada.</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
</sense_egroup>
<root>a:</root>
<root>pach</root>
<qry>Check existence or absence of /a:tlapachowa:/. According to Luis Lucena /a:tlapachiwi/ is the same as /a:pachiwi/ althoug this equivalence should be checked. Check the difference and set up an onomasiological entry for a:pachiwi, a:tlapachiwi, and a:petlanwia. Apparently a:pachiwi refers to an item that is in sth like a bucket of water, some small material object covered with or surrounded by water. However, a:tlapachiwi seems to refer to the flooding of a place. Finally, a:petlanwia seems to refer to location that is washed out from having been flooded.</qry>
<grm>/tla-/ Note the difference between /a:tlapachiwi/ 'for an area to get innundated' and /a:pachiwi/ 'for sth (an object) to get covered with water.'</grm>
<semrefgroup>
<semref>a:pachiwi</semref>
<semref_t>synonym</semref_t>
<semref_d>Oa</semref_d>
</semrefgroup>
<semrefgroup>
<semref>a:petla:nwiya</semref>
<semref_t>synonym</semref_t>
<semref_d>Oa</semref_d>
</semrefgroup>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>02560</ref>
<lxam>a:pilowa</lxam>
<lxam_c>a:pilowa</lxam_c>
<lxoa>a:pilowa</lxoa>
<lxoa_c>a:pilowa</lxoa_c>
<dt>09/Feb/2006</dt>
<lx_te>No</lx_te>
<psm>V1</psm>
<impers>tla-</impers>
<incorp>N-V2</incorp>
<der>V1-b</der>
<infv>class-2b</infv>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>to be tipped toward the horizon and in a waning crescent (the moon)</sense_e>
<sense_s>estar inclinada hacia el horizonte y de cuarto menguante (la luna)</sense_s>
<sense_d>Pending</sense_d>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>A:pilowa me:stli; tsonakatsi:n unkah. Kito:sneki kiawis.</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>The tip of the crescent moon is dipping down toward the horizon, it's on its side. This means that it's going to rain.</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>La punta de la luna de cuarto menguante est&#225;inclinada hacia el horizonte; est&#225;de lado. Eso quiere decir que va a llover.</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
</sense_egroup>
<semfld>weather</semfld>
<root>a:</root>
<root>pil</root>
<mod>Cf. Flk 1984-07-31.1 and add to entry.</mod>
<grm>Incorporation; The verb /a:pilowa/ is an interesting case of incorporation. It appears that the incorporated noun is in essence a thematic patient.</grm>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>02569</ref>
<lxam>a:te:nki</lxam>
<lxam_c>a:te:nki</lxam_c>
<lxoa>a:te:nki</lxoa>
<lxoa_c>a:te:nki</lxoa_c>
<dt>12/Feb/2006</dt>
<psm>Adj</psm>
<compound>N-Adj</compound>
<der>Adj-dvb-ki</der>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>to be almost ripe; to be just somewhat juicy (a fruit between being green and being ripe)</sense_e>
<sense_s>estar casi madura o a la saz&#243;n; estar algo jugoso (una fruta que est&#225;entre verde y madura)</sense_s>
<sense_d>Pending</sense_d>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>Ye pe:wa chika:wi, a:te:nki.</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>It is beginning to get ripe, it is getting a little juicy</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>Est&#225;a punto de madurarse; est&#225;poni&#233;ndose algo jugoso.</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>A:mantsi:n kemech a:te:nki, xe iksi.</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>It is just now getting somewhat juicy, it isn't ripe yet.</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>Ahorita est&#225;poni&#233;ndose algo jugoso, todav&#237;a no est&#225;a sazo&#243;n.</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
</sense_egroup>
<root>a:</root>
<root>te:n</root>
<nae>The plural form of adjectivals such as <kamoa>a:te:nki</kamoa> is manifested through reduplication. Given that the Oapan adjectival is vowel initial, the reflex of reduplication is pitch accent: <koa>&#225;:t&#233;:nki</koa></nae>
<qry>Obtain Oapan plural form <koa>&#225;:t&#233;:nki</koa> and add to /lxoc field.</qry>
<grm>Adjectives; nouns; deverbal: note the difference in words such as /a:poso:nki/ and /a:te:nki/. In the first the part of speech is a noun, which is followed by an attributive adjective. The meaning is&quot;boiled water.&quot;In the second it is the subject that is filled&quot;with water&quot;(the incorporated noun). The IN is not the subject that is predicated upon, but is a peripheral argument to the verb phrase. Thus in /a:te:nki/ it is S that is filled (participal) WITH WATER. Thus in my coding there should be a difference between /com N-Adj that is an adjective ps and that which is a noun.</grm>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>02612</ref>
<lxam>a:yema:nia</lxam>
<lxam_c>a:yema:nia</lxam_c>
<lxoa>a:yema:nia</lxoa>
<lxoa_c>a:yema:nia</lxoa_c>
<dt>12/Feb/2006</dt>
<lx_te>No</lx_te>
<psm>V1</psm>
<impers>tla-</impers>
<incorp>N-V1</incorp>
<der>V1-para-ki/ya/lia</der>
<trans>~Trans</trans>
<infv>class-4b(ya-x; long)</infv>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>to get soft from being in water or having water added (e.g., earth that is soaked in or mixed with water)</sense_e>
<sense_s>ablandarse por estar en el agua o por agregarsele agua (p. ej., tierra a que se le ha agregado agua para que se ponga m&#225;s suave)</sense_s>
<sense_d>Pending</sense_d>
</sense_egroup>
<root>a:</root>
<root>yema:ni</root>
<disamb>a:yema:nia; a:pochi:ni</disamb>
<nse>For example, when one is using earth to fill in the spaces in a stone wall, it may be mixed with water in order to soften it. One then can say <kamoa>yo:a:yema:niak</kamoa> when the moistened earth is ready to be used.</nse>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>02621</ref>
<lxam>a:i:xko</lxam>
<lxam_c>a:i:xko</lxam_c>
<lxoa>a:i:xko</lxoa>
<lxoa_c>a:i:xko</lxoa_c>
<dt>22/Oct/2005</dt>
<psm>Loc</psm>
<compound>N-N-ko</compound>
<der>N-loc-1-k(o)</der>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>on or near the water's surface</sense_e>
<sense_s>sobre o cerca a la superficie del agua</sense_s>
<sense_d>Pending</sense_d>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>A:i:xko nemi un michin.</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>That fish is close to the surface of the water.</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>Aquel pez anda cerca de la superficie del agua.</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>A:i:xko ninemi.</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>I float on the surface of the water.</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>Floto sobre la superficie del agua.</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
</sense_egroup>
<root>a:</root>
<root_rel>-i:xko</root_rel>
<grm>Clitics; stress: Oapan: note that when /yaw/ is added to verbs of location it is fully cliticized: /a:i:xk&#243;yaw/.</grm>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>02654</ref>
<lxam>chikola:i</lxam>
<lxam_c>chikola:i</lxam_c>
<dt>09/Feb/2006</dt>
<lx_te>No</lx_te>
<psm>V1</psm>
<impers>tla-</impers>
<incorp>N-V2</incorp>
<der>V1-b</der>
<infv>class-4a(oni)</infv>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>to drink a chocolate beverage</sense_e>
<sense_s>beber agua de chocholate</sense_s>
<sense_d>Am</sense_d>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>Chikola:i:lo:s, nona:mikti:lo:s.</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>There will be drinking of chocolate, there will be a wedding</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>Se beber&#225;chocolate, va a haber una boda.</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
</sense_egroup>
<root>chikol</root>
<root>a:</root>
<root>i:</root>
<root_notes>Note that the division of /chikola:tl/ into /chikol/ and /a:/ is perhaps problematical.</root_notes>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>02666</ref>
<lxam>kiawa:tl</lxam>
<lxam_c>kiawa:tl</lxam_c>
<lxoa>kiaha:tl</lxoa>
<lxoa_c>kiaha:tl</lxoa_c>
<dt>01/Mar/2006</dt>
<psm>N</psm>
<infn>N1(dom)</infn>
<compound>N-N</compound>
<der>N-b</der>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>rainwater</sense_e>
<sense_s>agua de la lluvia</sense_s>
<sense_d>Pending</sense_d>
</sense_egroup>
<root>ki</root>
<root>yawi</root>
<root>a:</root>
<nse><kamoa>Kiaha:tl</kamoa> is usually used to refer to rainwater that has been collected (or become collected) and may be used for various purposes, such as drinking.</nse>
<nae>The spelling of the Oapan entry is problematical since the /h/ represents a syllable-final devoicing of the preceding vowel. The precise motivation or phonological rules that motivate this is unclear, but the etymology is clearly the compounding of two nominal stems {kiaw + a:tl}. The underlying /w/ of <kamoa>kiawi</kamoa> is realized phonetically as [h] as devoicing in the coda position (i.e., not an onset to the following syllable <kamoa>a:tl</kamoa>). Perhaps a simply orthographic/phonological rule that /h/ is always syllable final would clarify the relationship between the orthographic spelling and sound.</nae>
<qry>Check phonology of middle /h/. Perhaps root of /kiawtli/, /kiawi/, etc. should be /kia/ and not /kiawi/. Check and decide. Check sound file with phonetitian to determine representation.</qry>
<grm>Phonology; orthography: The spelling of the Oapan entry is problematical since the /h/ represents a syllable-final devoicing of the preceding vowel. The precise motivation or phonological rules that motivate this is unclear, but the etymology is clearly the compounding of two nominal stems {kiaw + a:tl}. The underlying /w/ of <kamoa>kiawi</kamoa> is realized phonetically as [h] as devoicing in the coda position (i.e., not an onset to the following syllable <kamoa>a:tl</kamoa>). Perhaps a simply orthographic/phonological rule that /h/ is always syllable final would clarify the relationship between the orthographic spelling and sound.</grm>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>02694</ref>
<lxam>a:tostik</lxam>
<lxam_c>a:tostik</lxam_c>
<lxoa>a:tostik</lxoa>
<lxoa_c>a:tostik</lxoa_c>
<dt>12/Feb/2006</dt>
<psm>Adj</psm>
<der>Adj-dvb-wi-tik</der>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>to be gushy; to be watery (a mixture of sth to which water is typically added but which should be thick)</sense_e>
<sense_s>estar aguado (una mezcla de algo a que t&#237;picamente se le agrega agua pero que debe ser espeso)</sense_s>
<sense_d>Pending</sense_d>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>Mela:k a:tostik notix, xwel nikmana.</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>My masa is really watery, I can't make tortillas with it (lit., 'I can't lay it down').</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>Mi masa est&#225;muy aguada, no puedo echar tortillas con ella (lit., 'no la puede poner plana').</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>A:tostik, o:pano:k de a:tl.</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>It is watery, it has too much water (e.g. mud or clay for ceramics, masa, etc.).</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>Est&#225;aguado, se pas&#243;de agua (barro para cer&#225;mica, masa, etc.).</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
</sense_egroup>
<semfld>consist</semfld>
<flao>a:totsiwi</flao>
<root>a:</root>
<root>tots</root>
<nde>No cognate words have been found in other dialects. Although the root element <kroot>a:</kroot>'water' is clear in this compound, the other part ? <kn>tos</kn> or <kn>tots</kn> is not.</nde>
<qry>Roots and composition uncertain. Cf. entry under /a:totsiwi/ and /a:tki/.</qry>
<mod>Disambiguate /a:tostik/, /a:tki/, /a:yoh/, and any others that might later come to mind.</mod>
<mod>A:tostik, o:pano:k de a:tl. Add this use of /panowa/.</mod>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>02695</ref>
<lxam>a:chi:wia</lxam>
<lxam_c>na:chi:wia</lxam_c>
<lxoa>a:chi:wia</lxoa>
<lxoa_f>[a: chi: 'wi a]</lxoa_f>
<lxoa_c>na:chi:wia</lxoa_c>
<dt>12/Feb/2006</dt>
<lx_te>No</lx_te>
<psm>V1</psm>
<impers>tla-</impers>
<incorp>N-V2</incorp>
<der>V1-refl</der>
<trans>+Refl/-tran</trans>
<infv>class-2a</infv>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>(refl.) to add water to a mixture or dough-like substance that one is using (particularly to <klam>nextamahli</klam> while grinding it on a metate, but also in kneading dough to make bread, or in kneading clay for ceramics)</sense_e>
<sense_s>(refl.) agregar agua a una masa que uno est&#225;usando para suavizarla (particularmente al nextamal para molerlo sobre un metate, pero tambi&#233;n hacerle lo mismo a masa para hacer pan o a lodo para hacer cer&#225;mica)</sense_s>
<sense_d>Pending</sense_d>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>On suwa:tl na:chi:witok.</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>That woman is using water in grinding <kam>nextamahli</kam> on a metate (i.e., she is using her <klam>a:chi:wihli</klam>).</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>Esa mujer est&#225;usando agua para moler nixtamal sobre un metate (esto es, est&#225;usando su <klam>a:chi:wihli</klam>).</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>Na:chi:wia.</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>She takes water from bowl in order to use it in grinding (<kam>nextamahli</kam> when making tortillas, or in kneading clay for ceramics, etc.).</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>Ella toma agua de una taza para emplearla en moler (el nixtamal al hacer tortillas, en en amasar barro para cer&#225;mica, etc.).</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
</sense_egroup>
<root>a:</root>
<root>chi:wa</root>
<nse>Prototypically this verb refers to the use of water in grinding <spn>nixtamal</spn>, but is extended metaphorically to refer to other uses of water in softening mixtures. The etymology of this verb is unclear but is probably are related to <klam>chi:wa</klam> 'to do or make.'</nse>
<qry>Apparently only used in reflexive. This should be checked. In general note that there are a series of alternations in which the <kam>-ia</kam> form alternates with a -CV form: <kam>-te:ma</kam> and <kam>-te:mia</kam> ; <kam>-chi:wa</kam> and <kam>-chi:wia</kam> , <kam>-ka:wa</kam> and <kam>-ka:wia</kam> , etc. All of these have an incorporated noun: <kam>-tla:lte:mia</kam> and, in Classical I believe, <kam>-tla:lka:wia</kam>.</qry>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>02707</ref>
<lxam>tlakwa:te:ki:l</lxam>
<lxam_c>i:tlakwa:te:ki:l</lxam_c>
<lxoa>tlakwa:te:ki:l</lxoa>
<lxoa_c>i:tlakwa:te:ki:l</lxoa_c>
<dt>22/Oct/2005</dt>
<psm>N</psm>
<der>N-dvb-pas</der>
<infn>N2</infn>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>godchild</sense_e>
<sense_s>ahijado</sense_s>
<sense_d>Pending</sense_d>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>Yewa notlakwa:te:ki:l.</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>He is my godchild.</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>El es mi ahijado.</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
</sense_egroup>
<root>kwa:</root>
<root>a:</root>
<root>te:ka</root>
<qry>Check length of final /i/ as the record I have for this word does not indicate vowel length.</qry>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>02710</ref>
<lxam>a:te:kia</lxam>
<lxam_c>ka:te:kia</lxam_c>
<lxoa>a:te:kia</lxoa>
<lxoa_c>ka:te:kia</lxoa_c>
<dt>12/Feb/2006</dt>
<lx_te>No</lx_te>
<psm>V2</psm>
<incorp>N-V2</incorp>
<der>V2-b</der>
<infv>class-2a</infv>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>to water or pour water on (e.g., a plant or seedlings, or even a person)</sense_e>
<sense_s>regar (p. ej., una planta o planta de semillero, o hasta a una persona)</sense_s>
<sense_d>Pending</sense_d>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>Tle:ka xtika:te:kia? Yo:pili:n.</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>Why don't you water it? It's already withered up.</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>&#191;Por qu&#233;no le echas agua? Ya se marchit&#243;.</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>Nitla:te:kitok nika:n ika nowe:rtah.</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>I'm here watering in my garden.</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>Estoy regando aqu&#237;en mi huerta.</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
</sense_egroup>
<flao>te:kilia</flao>
<root>a:</root>
<root>te:k</root>
<nae>The valency of this verb is discussed in the grammar, along with that of <klam>tla:lka:wia</klam> and <klam>tla:lte:mia</klam>. Apparently <kam>a:tekia</kam> is an applicative form of <kam>te:ka</kam> , with an incorporated noun <kroot>a:</kroot>. Launey (1992:188) notes that applicatives ending in <kn>-(l)huia</kn> are most common with verbs that end in <kn>-ca</kn> or <kn>-hua</kn>. However, in Balsas Nahuatl note that there is as yet no documented form ? <kn>a:te:ka</kn>, which would be an intransitive. Rather one has the&quot;applicative&quot; <kam>a:tekia</kam> , which is ditransitive <kn>te:kia</kn> (not documented in stand-alone form) with valency reduced to one argument after the incorporation of a nominal root: <kam>a:te:kia</kam> 'to pour water on' and then made into an applicative <kamoa>a:te:kilia</kamoa>, which would have a different derivation from <kamoa>te:kilia</kamoa> : the former is an applicative of the <kn>-ia</kn> -applicative <kam>a:te:kia</kam> while the latter is an applicative of the transitive <klamoa>te:ka</klamoa>.</nae>
<qry>Etymology/roots uncertain. Cf. root analysis of this word as compared to /se:wia/.</qry>
<mod>Nitla:te:kitok nika:n ika nowe:rtah.&quot;I'm here watering in my garden.&quot;Note use of /ika/. Add to grammar and to definition of /ika/ in dictionary.</mod>
<grm>Nitla:te:kitok nika:n ika nowe:rtah.&quot;I'm here watering in my garden.&quot;Note use of /ika/. Add to grammar and to definition of /ika/ in dictionary.</grm>
<xrefgroup>
<xref>a:te:kilia</xref>
<xref_t>val_add_applic</xref_t>
<xref_d>Am, Oa</xref_d>
</xrefgroup>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>02815</ref>
<lxam>a:panowa</lxam>
<lxam_c>a:panowa</lxam_c>
<lxoa>&#225;:pan&#243;wa</lxoa>
<lxoa_pr>&#225;:panowa</lxoa_pr>
<lxoa_c>&#225;:pan&#243;wa</lxoa_c>
<dt>12/Feb/2006</dt>
<lx_te>No</lx_te>
<psm>V1</psm>
<impers>tla-</impers>
<incorp>N-V1</incorp>
<der>V1-b</der>
<lexical>Reduced rdp-s(vowel-l) (Oa)</lexical>
<infv>class-4c(pano)</infv>
<pitch>yes-rdp</pitch>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>to cross or fjord a river, lake or other body of water</sense_e>
<sense_s>cruzar o atravesar un r&#237;o, lago u otro cuerpo de agua</sense_s>
<sense_d>Am</sense_d>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>Wel a:panowa.</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>He can cross to the other side of the river (by himself).</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>Sabe cruzar el r&#237;o (solo).</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>O:nia:pano:ko.</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>I came across to this side of the river (implied, to do sth).</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>Atraves&#233;a este lado del r&#237;o (implica, a hacer algo).</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
</sense_egroup>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>(with short vowel reduplication/+h) to swim (see (Am) <klam>a:nelowa</klam>)</sense_e>
<sense_s>(con reduplicaci&#243;n de vocal corta/+h) nadar (v&#233;ase (Am) <klam>a:nelowa</klam>)</sense_s>
<sense_d>Oa</sense_d>
</sense_egroup>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>(with short vowel reduplication/+h) to bathe in a river or lake) (by splashing around)</sense_e>
<sense_s>(con reduplicaci&#243;n de vocal corta/+h) ba&#241;arse en un r&#237;o o lago</sense_s>
<sense_d>Oa</sense_d>
</sense_egroup>
<xrefgroup>
<xref>a:pano:ltia</xref>
<xref_t>val_add_caus</xref_t>
<xref_d>Am</xref_d>
</xrefgroup>
<root>a:</root>
<root>pano:</root>
<nse>In Ameyaltepec <kam>a:panowa</kam> refers to crossing a river; in Oapan the equivalent term is often simply <koa>panowa i:pan a:tl</koa>. But Oapan also uses <koa>a:panowa</koa>, without reduplication, to refer to passing across a river. The reduplicated form (Oapan) indicates the action of bathing in a body of water by splashing around. In Ameyaltepec one finds simply <klam>a:ltia</klam> , which in Oapan refers to bathing by pouring water over oneself (or in a shower).</nse>
<nae>The reduced reduplication in the Oapan form <koa>&#225;:pan&#243;wa</koa> derives from the differing semantics of the identical verb in Ameyaltepec and Oapan Nahuatl. In Ameyaltepec the verb refers to the crossing of a body of water; in Oapan it means 'to swim.' The reduplication in Oapan (reflected in the stressed initial vowel) is probably due to the fact that swimming involves iterativity, the same repeated actions with ones arms and hands. However, note that in general Oapan words with the root <kroot>a:</kroot>(water) are often reduplicated (e.g., <kloa>&#225;:tlakw&#237;</kloa>.</nae>
<qry>Luis Lucena stated that both /o:nia:pano:ko:/ and /o:niwa:la:pano:k/ are correct, and indeed equivalent. However, not all informants agreed. Check my grammar notes on the subject and, if necessary, with native speakers at a later date.</qry>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>02819</ref>
<lxam>a:nelowa</lxam>
<lxam_c>a:nelowa</lxam_c>
<dt>09/Feb/2006</dt>
<lx_te>No</lx_te>
<psm>V1</psm>
<impers>tla-</impers>
<incorp>N-V2</incorp>
<der>V1-alt-wi</der>
<trans>~Trans</trans>
<infv>class-2b</infv>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>to swim</sense_e>
<sense_s>nadar</sense_s>
<sense_d>Am</sense_d>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>Newa wel na:nelowa.</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>I can swim.</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>Yo puedo nadar.</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
</sense_egroup>
<semfld>motion</semfld>
<root>a:</root>
<root>ne:l</root>
<qry>Check to see if it can be used reflexively. I don't think so, but if so, also check if this verb can be used with a non-reflexive object. (Note: it seems I wrote this question thinking that /a:nelowa/ was a transitive and that /na:nelowa/ was 0-3sgRefl-a:nelowa, rather than n-a:nelowa from 1sgS-a:nelowa. Check).</qry>
<mod>Add /newa wel na:nelowa/ to entry under /wel/.</mod>
<semrefgroup>
<semref>&#225;:pan&#243;wa</semref>
<semref_t>synonym</semref_t>
<semref_d>Oa</semref_d>
</semrefgroup>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>02831</ref>
<lxam>a:pi:tsa</lxam>
<lxam_c>na:pi:tsa</lxam_c>
<lxoa>a:pi:tsa</lxoa>
<lxoa_c>na:pi:tsa</lxoa_c>
<dt>12/Feb/2006</dt>
<lx_te>No</lx_te>
<psm>V2</psm>
<incorp>N-V2</incorp>
<der>V2-b</der>
<trans>+Refl/-tran</trans>
<infv>class-3a(ts)</infv>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>(refl.) to have diarrea; to have the runs</sense_e>
<sense_s>(refl.) tener diarrea; tener chorro</sense_s>
<sense_d>Pending</sense_d>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>Na:pi:tsa un bwe:yeh. Ki:sa ia:pi:tsal. Xtetepi:stik ikwitl, a:tostik.</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>That steer has diarrea (this is a sign of health, that the steer has been eating well, water and zacate). Runny excrement comes out. His excrement is not hard, it is watery.</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>Aquel buey tiene diarrea (signo de salud, de que ha sido bien alimentado, con agua y zacate). Le sale excremento aguado. su excremento no es duro, es aguado.</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
</sense_egroup>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>(refl.) to burst (a granery or storage bin)</sense_e>
<sense_s>(refl.) reventarse (una troje)</sense_s>
<sense_d>Pending</sense_d>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>O:na:pi:ts ikweskon. O:tsomo:n pa:mpa te:ntoya, san de a:kawtlapi:hli.</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>His granary burst open. It split because it was full, it and was just made of <kbam>a:kawtli</kbam>with mud (i.e., it was not of the more durable and strong ones made of adobe).</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>Su troje se revent&#243;. Se abri&#243;porque estaba muy lleno y estaba hecha solamente de <kbam>a:kawtli</kbam>con lodo (esto es, no era de las que aguantan m&#225;s, hechas de adobe).</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
</sense_egroup>
<root>a:</root>
<root>pi:tsa</root>
<mod>Note reflexive and cf. to causative /a:pi:tsaltia/, with no change in valence. Compare this to the pair of verbs /amanka:kwi/ and /amanka:kwi:tia:/ and the comments under these latter verbs. Also cf. to other similar verbs of states that affect the body: /i:to:nia/, etc. Cf. my coding explanation of V-1-refl and V-2-refl. I have temporarily coded /a:pi:tsa/ as V-2-refl, which would indicate that it takes an object with a meaning of 'to have diarrea on...' (as a:xi:xa). If this proves not to be the case then the code should be changed to V-1-refl</mod>
<xrefgroup>
<xref>a:pi:tsaltia</xref>
<xref_t>val_add_caus</xref_t>
<xref_d>Am, Oa</xref_d>
</xrefgroup>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>02884</ref>
<lxam>i:xa:wia</lxam>
<lxam_c>ki:xa:wia</lxam_c>
<lxoa>i:xa:wia</lxoa>
<lxoa_c>ki:xa:wiya</lxoa_c>
<dt>12/Feb/2006</dt>
<lx_te>No</lx_te>
<psm>V2</psm>
<incorp>N-V2</incorp>
<der>V2-alt-wi(a)</der>
<infv>class-2a</infv>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>to rinse off (without using soap, just by pouring water over the surface of sth)</sense_e>
<sense_s>enjuagar (sin usar jab&#243;n, simplemente al verter agua sobre la superficie de algo)</sense_s>
<sense_d>Pending</sense_d>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>Xki:xa:wi un teposko:ntsi:n, ma ki:sa un tla:ltekwtli!</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>Rinse off that small pot so that the dust comes off!</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>&#161;Enjuaga esa ollita para que se quite el polvo!</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>Ma ki:xa:wi.</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>Just have him rinse it off quickly!</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>&#161;Qu&#233;lo enjuague r&#225;pido!</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
</sense_egroup>
<root>i:x</root>
<root>a:</root>
<disamb>pa:ka</disamb>
<qry>The phrase /ma ki:xa:wi/ contrasts with /ma kipapa:ka/ which implies washing something with soap. However, cf. the difference between /ma ki:xa:mi ikone:w/ and /ma ki:xa:wi ikone:w/. Are both possible and correct; if so, what is the difference between one and the other. It seems that /i:xa:wia/ means to rinse by pouring water over, while /i:xa:mia/ means to wash the surface of. However, also see if there is a word /xa:wia/ as in /ne:chxa:wia/ or whether it is /ne:chi:xa:wia/.</qry>
<vl>The first pronunciation (female /ki:xawilia/ at 32:44) before the set of four after the bell is in error and should not be tagged.</vl>
<xrefgroup>
<xref>i:xa:wilia</xref>
<xref_t>val_add_applic</xref_t>
<xref_d>Am, Oa</xref_d>
</xrefgroup>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>02945</ref>
<lxam>a:te:nko</lxam>
<lxam_c>a:te:nko</lxam_c>
<dt>11/Feb/2006</dt>
<psm>N</psm>
<compound>N-N-ko</compound>
<der>N-loc-1-k(o)</der>
<infn>N1(loc)</infn>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>river</sense_e>
<sense_s>r&#237;o</sense_s>
<sense_d>Pending</sense_d>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>Ni&#225;:s a:te:nko.</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>I'm going to the river (lit., 'to the river's edge').</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>Voy al r&#237;o (lit. 'a la orilla del r&#237;o').</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
</sense_egroup>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>at the edge of a river; by the river</sense_e>
<sense_s>por la orilla de un r&#237;o; por el r&#237;o</sense_s>
<sense_d>Pending</sense_d>
</sense_egroup>
<root>a:</root>
<root>te:n</root>
<root_notes>I have analyzed this and other words with <kam>te:ntli</kam> as containing the root <kam>te:m</kam>.</root_notes>
<semrefgroup>
<semref>a:pan</semref>
<semref_t>synonym</semref_t>
<semref_d>Oa</semref_d>
</semrefgroup>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>02948</ref>
<lxam>a:totsiwi</lxam>
<lxam_c>a:totsiwi</lxam_c>
<lxoa>a:totsiwi</lxoa>
<lxoa_c>a:totsiwi</lxoa_c>
<dt>12/Feb/2006</dt>
<lx_te>No</lx_te>
<psm>V1</psm>
<impers>tla-</impers>
<incorp>N-V1</incorp>
<der>V1-alt-wi</der>
<trans>Compl</trans>
<infv>class-3a(w)</infv>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>to become watery (a mixture to which water is normally added, but here has had too much added)</sense_e>
<sense_s>aguadarse (una mezcla a que normalmente se le echa agua, pero que aqu&#237;se le ha echado demasiado)</sense_s>
<sense_d>Pending</sense_d>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>O:a:totsiw motix, we:i o:hte:kilih a:tl.</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>Your maize dough (from <kam>nextamal</kam>) has gotten watery, you added a lot of water to it.</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>Tu masa de nextamal se aguad&#243;, le echaste much&#237;sima agua.</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
</sense_egroup>
<root>a:</root>
<root>tots</root>
<nse>This verb and its derivatives indicate a mixture such as <klamoa>tixtli</klamoa>, mud for ceramics, mortar, etc. that has too much water in it. With <kamoa>tixtli</kamoa>, this makes it sticky and hard to make into tortillas.</nse>
<nae>The roots and composition of this word is uncertain. Obviously <kroot>a:</kroot>the root for 'water' is part of the word, but <kroot>tots</kroot>is not documented in other words from Ameyaltepec, Oapan, nor any other dialect I have searched.</nae>
<mod>Disambiguate from /a:tki/; cf. entry under /a:tostik/.</mod>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>03038</ref>
<lxam>a:tlakwa:ni</lxam>
<lxam_c>a:tlakwa:ni</lxam_c>
<dt>22/Oct/2005</dt>
<psm>N</psm>
<compound>N-V2</compound>
<der>N-ag-ni</der>
<infn>N1</infn>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>someone who drinks water while eating (instead of after eating, as is the custom)</sense_e>
<sense_s>algn que bebe agua mientras coma (en lugar de despu&#233;s de comer, como es de costumbre)</sense_s>
<sense_d>Am</sense_d>
</sense_egroup>
<root>a:</root>
<root>kwa</root>
<qry>Check for other meanings of this term.</qry>
<semrefgroup>
<semref>a:tala</semref>
<semref_t>synonym</semref_t>
<semref_d>Oa</semref_d>
</semrefgroup>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>03047</ref>
<lxam>kamaa:xoto:ni</lxam>
<lxam_c>kamaa:xoto:ni</lxam_c>
<lxoa>kama&#225;:xot&#243;:ni</lxoa>
<lxoa_c>kama&#225;:xot&#243;:ni</lxoa_c>
<dt>12/Feb/2006</dt>
<lx_te>No</lx_te>
<psm>V1</psm>
<impers>tla-</impers>
<der>V1-b(ni/ltia)</der>
<lexical>Reduced rdp-s(vowel-l)</lexical>
<infv>class-3a</infv>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>to get blisters in ones mouth</sense_e>
<sense_s>salirsele granitos o ampollitas en la boca a</sense_s>
<sense_d>Pending</sense_d>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>O:nikamaaga:xoto:n.</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>I got blisters in my mouth.</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>Se me salieron granitos en la boca</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
</sense_egroup>
<root>kama</root>
<root>a:</root>
<root>xoto:</root>
<nae>In Oapan only the reduced&quot;reduplicated&quot;form is found, <koa>kama&#225;:xot&#243;:ni</koa>, in which the reduplicant is realized as pitch accent on the long vowel of the vowel-initial verbal stem. It is possible that the Ameyaltepec form of the headword entry should also be changed to a redupicated form. Note that the example phrase does have reduplication (and the insertion of /g/ between the reduplicant and stem). Finally, note that a causative form of this verb has only been documented in Ameyaltepec.</nae>
<xrefgroup>
<xref>kamaa:xoto:naltia</xref>
<xref_t>val_add_caus</xref_t>
<xref_d>Am</xref_d>
</xrefgroup>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>03068</ref>
<lxam>a:tsotsono:kia</lxam>
<lxam_c>a:tsotsono:kia</lxam_c>
<dt>12/Feb/2006</dt>
<lx_te>No</lx_te>
<psm>V1</psm>
<impers>tla-</impers>
<incorp>N-V2</incorp>
<der>V2-b</der>
<lexical>Lex. rdp-s</lexical>
<infv>class-2a</infv>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>to throw up; to vomit</sense_e>
<sense_s>vomitar</sense_s>
<sense_d>Am</sense_d>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>Asta ke:n na:tsotsono:kia. Ml&#225;:k o:nimiso:tlak.</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>I've even thrown up several times. I really vomited.</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>Hasta me vomit&#233;varias veces. De veras vomit&#233;.</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
</sense_egroup>
<root>a:</root>
<root>tson</root>
<root>no:ki</root>
<nae>In Oapan this is a transitive verb meaning 'to pour water over ones head.' It has been given a different entry.</nae>
<qry>Check the difference between, the intransitive /a:tsono:kia:/and the reflexive /iso:tla/. Determine the transitive form of /a:tsono:kia/.</qry>
<grm>Incorporation; dialect: Note that at present (and the semantic and morphosyntactic differences will need to be confirmed) I have Ameyaltepec /a:tsono:kia/ as an intransitive and Oapan /&#225;:tsono:k&#237;ya/ as a transitive. Thus in each dialect there is a different manner in which N is incorporated. Saturating in Ameyaltepec and nonsaturating in Oapan. However, the definitions of each form will need to be checked.</grm>
<semrefgroup>
<semref>&#225;:tsono:k&#237;ya</semref>
<semref_t>confer</semref_t>
<semref_d>Oa</semref_d>
</semrefgroup>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>03213</ref>
<lxam>a:wakeh</lxam>
<lxam_c>a:wakeh</lxam_c>
<lxoa>&#225;:wak&#233;h</lxoa>
<lxoa_alt>&#225;:wak&#237;h</lxoa_alt>
<lxoa_c>&#225;:wak&#233;h</lxoa_c>
<dt>12/Feb/2006</dt>
<psm>N</psm>
<der>N-posr-wah</der>
<infn>N1</infn>
<pitch>yes</pitch>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>rainmakers, i.e. those that are said to bring or cause it to rain, these are small beings who inhabit the heavens and bring rain (lit. 'possessors of water' or 'those who possess water'); <kam>ahuaques</kam> , Sp.</sense_e>
<sense_s>los que traen la lluvia o hacen que llueve, son seres peque&#241;os que residen en el cielo (lit. 'due&#241;os del agua' o 'los que poseen agua'); ahuaques</sense_s>
<sense_d>Pending</sense_d>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>Te:na:wiltian a:wakeh ke:n xok kiawi.</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>The <kam>ahuaques</kam> are playing games on people with this that is doesn't rain anymore (i.e., not like it used to in previous years).</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>Los 'ahuaques' est&#225;n vacilando con eso de que ya no llueve (esto es, como en a&#241;os anteriores).</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>A:man pe:was kiawis, yo:wa:hlakeh a:wakeh.</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>Now it will begin to rain (referring particularly to the beginning of the rainy season), the <kam>ahuaques</kam> have come.</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>Ya va a empezar a llover (se refiere particularmente al inicio de la temporada de lluvias), los ahuaques ya vinieron.</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
</sense_egroup>
<root>a:</root>
<disamb>a:wakeh</disamb>
<nse>Some people say that <kam>a:wakeh</kam> is equivalent to <kam>moxteh</kam> 'clouds' as is <kam>ye wa:hlaweh a:wakeh</kam> 'the clouds are now coming.' However, others translate <kam>a:wakeh</kam> as as <kam>angelitos</kam> who are associated with bringing water or rain. It appears, however, that most people consider the <kam>a:wakeh</kam> as some sort of animate beings. When asked, Luis Lucena stated that he doesn't know if they are in the <kam>sie:loh</kam> or at <kam>chikna:wtipan</kam>. And when I asked him what they looked like he laughed and said he had never seen them. Perhaps I could find out, he said, since gringos have been to the moon.</nse>
<grm>Oapan phonetics; vowel length: the initial syllable of Oapan /&#225;:wakeh/ is clearly long, and its measurement sets some parameters for judging whether certain word-initial vowels are long or short. My measurements give 135 and 137 ms as the length of the initial /a:/ in the speech of Florencia Marcelino; her husband's vowels measured some 106 and 138 ms. Thus the average of a high pitched initial /a:/ in this word is about 125 ms.</grm>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>03226</ref>
<lxam_notes>yzzz</lxam_notes>
<lxoa>&#225;a:bi&#243;ntsi:n</lxoa>
<lxoa_pr>aa:biontsi:n</lxoa_pr>
<lxoa_c>&#225;a:bi&#243;ntsi:n</lxoa_c>
<dt>12/Feb/2006</dt>
<loan>avi&#243;n</loan>
<psm>N</psm>
<compound>N-N</compound>
<der>N-tsi:n</der>
<lexical>Lex. rdp-s</lexical>
<infn>N1</infn>
<pitch>yes-rdp</pitch>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>type of flying insect, apparently a type of dragonfly, that skims the top of the water in a pool, river, stream, etc.</sense_e>
<sense_s>tipo de insecto, aparentemente una lib&#233;lula, que vuela y pasa ligeramente sobre la superficie del agua de un r&#237;o, lago, charco, etc.</sense_s>
<sense_d>Oa</sense_d>
</sense_egroup>
<semfld>animal</semfld>
<semfld>insect</semfld>
<root>a:</root>
<root>yoma</root>
<nae>The Oapan form here is interesting. Probably as a coincidence the Ameyaltepec and Oapan forms show phonetic similarity although etymologically distinct. The Ameyaltepec name for the dragonfly seems to be based on a particular characteristic of its flight, as it comes swooping in and along the surface of bodies of water. The Oapan form seems to be a reduplication of the Spanish loan <spn>avi&#243;n</spn> 'airplane.' Short vowel reduplication of nouns is often used to indicate&quot;play Noun&quot;or&quot;fake Noun&quot;(e.g., <kam>m&#233;metl&#225;tl</kam>), so <koa>&#225;a:bi&#243;ntsi:n</koa> would be&quot;play airplane.&quot;There is also a possibility, however, that <koa>&#225;a:bi&#243;ntsi:n</koa> is a&quot;folk etymological&quot;interpretation of <kam>a:yoyontsi:n</kam>. Finally, the initial double vowel of <koa>&#225;a:bi&#243;ntsi:n</koa> is interesting. In most cases, reduplication of vowel initial stems results in lengthening and pitch accent of the initial vowel or, if that vowel is underlyingly long, simply pitch accent on the vowel (thus unreduplicated <koa>a: polaki</koa> redupli cates in Oapan as <koa>&#225;:pol&#225;ki</koa>). Accordingly, one would expect <koa>a:bi&#243;n</koa> to redupicate as <koa>&#225;:bi&#243;n</koa>. There is no obvious reason why this does not occur.</nae>
<semrefgroup>
<semref>a:yoyontsi:n</semref>
<semref_t>equivalent</semref_t>
<semref_d>Am</semref_d>
</semrefgroup>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>03240</ref>
<lxam>a:chi:ka:lin</lxam>
<lxam_c>a:chi:ka:lin</lxam_c>
<lxoa>a:chi:ka:lin</lxoa>
<lxoa_alt>a:chi:ka:lih</lxoa_alt>
<lxoa_c>a:chi:ka:lih, a:chi:ka:lin</lxoa_c>
<dt>12/Feb/2006</dt>
<psm>N</psm>
<compound>N-N</compound>
<der>N-b-in</der>
<infn>Stem 4</infn>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e><l>Salunum cf. diversifolium</l>Schlecht., wild nettle plant of the Solanaceae family</sense_e>
<sense_s><l>Salunum cf. diversifolium</l>Schlecht., planta silvestre herb&#225;cea de la familia Solanaceae, aparentemente la ortiga</sense_s>
<sense_d>Pending</sense_d>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>A:chi:ka:lin | Kipia iwitsio ke:n chi:ka:lin. Xnokwa.</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e><kam>A:chi:ka:lin</kam> : It has thorns like the <kbam>chi:ka:lin</kbam>. It isn't eaten.</phrase_e>
<phrase_s><kam>A:chi:ka:lin</kam> : Tiene sus espinas como la <kbam>chi:ka:lin</kbam>. No se come.</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>A:chi:ka:lin | Deke mitskukwa miti, tihkwe:cho:s, ika a:tl ses&#233;:k tikoni:s. Mitsiso:tlas, ki:sas kokolistli.</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<src_p>Cristino Flores</src_p>
<phrase_e><kam>A:chi:ka:lin</kam> : If your stomach hurts you, you grind it up, you drink it with cold water. It will make you vomit, the illness comes out..</phrase_e>
<phrase_s><kam>A:chi:ka:lin</kam> : Si te duele la barriga, la mueles finamente, te lo bebes en agua fr&#237;a. Te hace vomitar, sale la enfermedad.</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
</sense_egroup>
<root>a:</root>
<root>chi:ka:l</root>
<semfld>plant</semfld>
<semfld>xiwtli</semfld>
<semfld>medicine</semfld>
<qry>In a review of the lexicon, C. Flores said he did not know of, or remember, any remedial use of a:chi:ka:lin.</qry>
<notes_nature>Ram&#237;rez identifies this as the <spn>ortiga</spn> of the family <spn>Papaveraceae</spn>. Schoenhals (1988) on ortiga, says the following:&quot;1. (Urticaspp. e.g., U. dioica) 'nettle' Also called chichicastle, mala mujer. 2 (Cnidoscolusspp., e.g., C. urens) 'spurge nettle', 'tread softly' See mala mujer. 3. (Urera caracasana) 'flameberry scatchbrush' See mal hombre. Under mala mujer:&quot;1. (Cnidoscolusspp. e.g., C. urensformerly Jatropha urens) 'spurge nettle,' 'tread softly' Rank-growing nettle spurge with large, 5-lobed leaves. Also called chaya, ortiga, ortiguilla. 2. (Toxicodendron radicans) 'poison ivy' Also called&#225;rbol de guao, chech&#233;n, hiedra venenosa. 3. (Cnidoscolusspp. Ureaspp., Urticaspp.) Poisonous vine, shrub, or tree. Also called chichicastle. 4. (Urera caracasana) 'flameberry scratchbush' See mal hombre. 5. (Urticaspp., e.g. U. dioica) 'spurge nettle.' See ortiga. 6. (Hibiscus bifurc atus) 'mountain rose mallow' See tulipa de monte.&quot;Then, under mal hombre:&quot;(Urera caracasana) 'flameberry scratchbush' Tropical tree with stinging hairs as befits a member of the nettle family. Also called chichicazillo, mala mujer, ortiga, quemador, tlachinole.&quot;See <klam>tla:lpa:ya:tsi:n</klam>.</notes_nature>
<vl>Use final, second, tokens of both the male and female speakers.</vl>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>03299</ref>
<lxam>a:to:nawi</lxam>
<lxam_c>a:to:nawi</lxam_c>
<lxoa>a:to:nawi</lxoa>
<lxoa_c>a:to:nawi</lxoa_c>
<dt>09/Feb/2006</dt>
<lx_te>No</lx_te>
<psm>V1</psm>
<impers>tla-</impers>
<incorp>N-V1</incorp>
<der>V1-b</der>
<infv>class-3a(w)</infv>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>to have a fever and chills (as from malaria)</sense_e>
<sense_s>tener calentura y escalofrio a la vez (como de paludismo)</sense_s>
<sense_d>Pending</sense_d>
</sense_egroup>
<semfld>disease</semfld>
<root>a:</root>
<root>to:na</root>
<qry>Check for transitive form and readjust codes accordingly.</qry>
<vl>Use second male token for link, which clearly manifests length distinctions.</vl>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>03362</ref>
<lxam>a:ko:mposa:wa</lxam>
<lxam_c>na:ko:mposa:wa</lxam_c>
<dt>12/Feb/2006</dt>
<lx_te>No</lx_te>
<psm>V2</psm>
<incorp>N-N-V</incorp>
<der>V2-alt-wi</der>
<trans>~Intrans</trans>
<infv>class-3a(w)</infv>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>(refl.) (for certain mixtures such as dough) to expand or rise from the addition of water or other liquids such as yeasts</sense_e>
<sense_s>(refl.) (por ciertas mezclas como la masa) crecer o levantarse por la agregaci&#243;n de agua u otros l&#237;quidos; leudar</sense_s>
<sense_d>Pending</sense_d>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>Na:ko:mposa:wtok pa:n.</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>The bread is rising.</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>El pan se est&#225;levantando.</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
</sense_egroup>
<root>a:</root>
<root>ko:m</root>
<root>posa:</root>
<nse><kam>A:ko:mposa:wa</kam> is also used to refer to maize that is placed in a <klam>nexko:ntli</klam> and rises to the surface as it expands from absorbing water.</nse>
<nae>The presence of the root for water is expected given the fact that the rising takes place because of the water. However, the identification of <kam>ko:m</kam> in the etymology is uncertain. The vowel length of the initial elements need, therefore, to be checked.</nae>
<qry>Recheck length. Check to determine whether a transative form can be used ?nika:ko:mposa:was.</qry>
<grm>The fact that the verb is a transitive used to indicate an intransitive action suggests that the reflexive is used to mark an anticausative. This should be noted in the grammar and perhaps a code developed to mark anticausatives. Note that it is interesting that despite the fact that /posa:wi/ exists as an intransitive, the transitive is used in this form. Perhaps the reason is that the water is a type of agent or cause and thus the dough rises because of the water; /posa:wi/ would then not be used since there is in effect some external cause.</grm>
<vl>Note to JDA: recheck Am vowel length later.</vl>
<semrefgroup>
<semref>&#225;kokw&#237;</semref>
<semref_t>confer</semref_t>
<semref_d>Oa</semref_d>
</semrefgroup>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>03369</ref>
<lxam>a:ltia</lxam>
<lxam_c>na:ltia</lxam_c>
<lxoa>a:ltia</lxoa>
<lxoa_c>na:ltia</lxoa_c>
<dt>12/Feb/2006</dt>
<lx_te>No</lx_te>
<psm>V2</psm>
<der>V2-b</der>
<infv>class-2a</infv>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>to bathe; (by extension) to wash clothes while bathing at the same time</sense_e>
<sense_s>ba&#241;ar; (por extensi&#243;n) lavar ropa y ba&#241;arse al mismo tiempo</sense_s>
<sense_d>Pending</sense_d>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>Tika:lti:s mokone:w.</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>You are going to bathe your child.</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>Vas a ba&#241;ar a tu ni&#241;o.</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>O:na:lti:to nosuwa:w. tla:ltia</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>My wife went to wash clothes and bathe.</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>Mi esposa fue a lavar ropa y ba&#241;arse.</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>Ok ma nima:lti!</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>Let me first take a bath (i.e., and then I'll do it)!</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>&#161;D&#233;jame ba&#241;ar primero (y entonces lo har&#233;)!</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
</sense_egroup>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>to make (candles, by pouring wax on them over and over)</sense_e>
<sense_s>hacer (velas, al ba&#241;arlas con cera)</sense_s>
<sense_d>Pending</sense_d>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>Ka:ltitok ibe:lah a:mantsi:n.</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>Right now she is making her candles.</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>Ahora mismo est&#225;haciendo sus velas.</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
</sense_egroup>
<root>a:</root>
<nse>In regards to candlemaking, this verb refers to the action of pouring hot wax over wicks that are hung down from a large circular wooden frame of a bent stick. With the prefix <kn>tla-</kn> there is no reduction of the /aa:/ sequence in Ameyaltepec although the reduction of the vowel sequence does occur in Oapan. The forms <kam>tlaa:ltia</kam> (Am) and <koa>tla:ltia</koa> are always interpreted as referring to candlemaking (hence the separate entry. The reflexive <kam>na:ltia</kam> refers to bathing (male or female), but when applied to a woman it often refers to the process of going to wash clothes at the river and then bathing at the same time. This is true particularly when the directional is used, (e.g., <kam>o:na:lti:to</kam>) since when a woman goes to bathe (hence the directional) she will often take advantage of the opportunity to take clothes along to wash. Finally, given the lexicalization of this verb, I have not considered it as denominalized; thus it is coded as a basic verb (V2-b).</nse>
<qry>Probably derived from /a:tl/ plus the verbalizing suffix /-tia/, with loss of occlusion in the&quot;absolutive&quot;/tl/.</qry>
<mod>Illustrate</mod>
<xrefgroup>
<xref>tla:ltia</xref>
<xref_t>val_reduce1</xref_t>
<xref_d>Am, Oa</xref_d>
</xrefgroup>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>03397</ref>
<lxam>a:pano:ltia</lxam>
<lxam_c>ka:pano:ltia</lxam_c>
<lxoa>&#225;:pan&#243;:ltia</lxoa>
<lxoa_c>k&#225;:pan&#243;:ltia</lxoa_c>
<dt>12/Feb/2006</dt>
<lx_te>No</lx_te>
<psm>V2</psm>
<incorp>N-V2</incorp>
<der>V2-d-ca</der>
<lexical>Reduced rdp-s(vowel-l) (Oa)</lexical>
<infv>class-2a</infv>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>to take, carry, or help across a river</sense_e>
<sense_s>llevar o ayudar a atravesar un r&#237;o</sense_s>
<sense_d>Am</sense_d>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>O:necha:pano:ltikeh.</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>They helped (took) me cross the river.</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>Me ayudaron a cruzar (me llevaron al otro lado de) el r&#237;o.</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
</sense_egroup>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>(with short vowel reduplication) to play around with (e.g., a toy) in the water</sense_e>
<sense_s>(con reduplicaci&#243;n de vocal corta) jugar con (p. ej., un juguete) en el agua</sense_s>
<sense_d>Oa</sense_d>
</sense_egroup>
<xrefgroup>
<xref>a:panowa</xref>
<xref_t>verb_base</xref_t>
<xref_d>Am</xref_d>
</xrefgroup>
<xrefgroup>
<xref>&#225;:pan&#243;wa</xref>
<xref_t>verb_base</xref_t>
<xref_d>Oa</xref_d>
</xrefgroup>
<root>a:</root>
<root>pano:</root>
<nse>Whereas <kam>a:panowa</kam> in Ameyaltepec means 'to cross to the other side of a body of water,' in Oapan the same intransitive verb, with reduced reduplication, signifies 'to swim.' This variation in meaning carries across to the causative. Thus Ameyaltepec has <kam>a:pano:ltia</kam> 'to take across to the other side of a body of water' whereas Oapan has <koa>&#225;:pano:ltia</koa> (with the same reduced reduplication) meaning 'to play around with (i.e.,&quot;make swim&quot;) in the water.'</nse>
<qry>Perhaps a separate category of causatives should be made for those derived with -ltia, although these can be selected for by searching for -ltia in the /lx field and -ca in the /cat field.</qry>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>03412</ref>
<lxam>a:polaktia</lxam>
<lxam_c>ka:polaktia</lxam_c>
<lxoa>a:polahtia</lxoa>
<lxoa_c>ka:polahtia</lxoa_c>
<dt>09/Feb/2006</dt>
<lx_te>No</lx_te>
<psm>V2</psm>
<incorp>N-V2</incorp>
<der>V2-d-ca</der>
<infv>class-2a</infv>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>to sumerge or push underwater (from a position already in the water)</sense_e>
<sense_s>sumergir, empujar o meter abajo del agua (desde una posici&#243;n ya dentro del agua)</sense_s>
<sense_d>Pending</sense_d>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>Xka:polakti un toba:leh!</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>Push that guy under water!</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>&#161;Empuja a este cuate para dentro del agua!</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
</sense_egroup>
<root>a:</root>
<root>polak</root>
<vl>Link first female token.</vl>
<xrefgroup>
<xref>a:polaki</xref>
<xref_t>verb_base</xref_t>
<xref_d>Am, Oa</xref_d>
</xrefgroup>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>03454</ref>
<lxam>a:yatok</lxam>
<lxam_c>a:yatok</lxam_c>
<lxoa>a:yahtok</lxoa>
<lxoa_c>a:yahtok</lxoa_c>
<dt>12/Feb/2006</dt>
<psm>Stat</psm>
<compound>N-V1</compound>
<der>*V1-tok</der>
<infv>Durative</infv>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>to be running water (as in a stream or river)</sense_e>
<sense_s>ser agua corriente, que corre (como en un arroyo o r&#237;o)</sense_s>
<sense_d>Pending</sense_d>
</sense_egroup>
<root>a:</root>
<root>yaw</root>
<nse>My notes show that in Oapan the form <koa>a:yotok</koa> is also used, but this was not confirmed in the elicitation session.</nse>
<qry>Check etymology of this form; it is unclear, but perhaps it is related to the verb <kam>yaw</kam>. Make sure Am has /a:yatok/ and not /a:yatok/. But note that the progressive of /yaw/ in Am is /i yatok/, check in Oapan whether the prog. is /yahtok/ or /yatok/. Check translation and then add this to corrected grm notes.</qry>
<grm>Note that /a:yatok/ seems to have an incorporated subject. Nevertheless, further analysis is needed. It might be that this form is similar to that of /tla:lolini/, in that detransitivization takes place through incorporation of nouns.</grm>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>03510</ref>
<lxam>a:tokuwa</lxam>
<lxam_c>a:tokuwa</lxam_c>
<lxoa>a:tokowa</lxoa>
<lxoa_c>a:tokowa</lxoa_c>
<dt>12/Feb/2006</dt>
<lx_te>No</lx_te>
<psm>V1</psm>
<impers>tla-</impers>
<incorp>N-V1</incorp>
<der>V1-pas</der>
<infv>class-4c(pano)</infv>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>to be swept or carried away by a swollen river</sense_e>
<sense_s>llevarse o arrastrarse por un r&#237;o crecido</sense_s>
<sense_d>Am, Oa</sense_d>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>O:a:toko:k.</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>He got swept away by the water.</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>Se lo llev&#243;el r&#237;o.</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>Ta:toko:s.</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>You will get swept away by the river.</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>Te va a llevar el r&#237;o.</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
</sense_egroup>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>to be washed away (e.g., by the rain)</sense_e>
<sense_s>deslavarse (p. ej., por la lluvia)</sense_s>
<sense_d>Am, Oa</sense_d>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>O:nikte:n notekal ika chi:lyo:hli para ma:ka a:toko:s un tla:hli.</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>I've spread chile seeds in my seed garden (hat has a row of stones around its perimeter so that the earth (in this case the earth and seeds) does not get washed away.</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>He sembrado semillas de chile en mi huertita con una fila de piedras por su per&#237;metro para que no se deslave la tierra (en este caso tierra con las semillas).</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
</sense_egroup>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>(with short vowel reduplication) to dissolve in water (e.g., salt)</sense_e>
<sense_s>(con reduplicaci&#243;n de vocal corta) disolverse en agua (p. ej., sal)</sense_s>
<sense_d>Oa</sense_d>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>O:&#225;:tokok mostaw i:pan istaxikahli.</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Oa</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>Your salt dissolved in the salt dish.</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>Se disolvi&#243;tu sal en el salero.</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
</sense_egroup>
<root>a:</root>
<root>toka</root>
<qry>Check use of /a:to:kowa/ in example with chile seeds in a huertita.</qry>
<grm>Historical change: This verb is an example of /o:/ final verbs of classical Nahuatl that have been&quot;regularized&quot;in Guerrero by adding /-wa:/ in the present perfect. The underlying /o:/ appears in most other forms, for instance the preterite and progressive. Note and discuss the function of the incorporated noun as a nonvolitional agent, cf. to /yeyekawi:lo/, etc.</grm>
<grm>Phonology: Cf the words here as an example of raising of /o/ in /owa/ context.</grm>
<xrefgroup>
<xref>a:toktia</xref>
<xref_t>val_add_caus</xref_t>
<xref_d>Am</xref_d>
</xrefgroup>
<xrefgroup>
<xref>a:tohtia</xref>
<xref_t>val_add_caus</xref_t>
<xref_d>Oa</xref_d>
</xrefgroup>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>03520</ref>
<lxam>a:we:wentsi:n</lxam>
<lxam_c>a:we:wentsi:n</lxam_c>
<lxoa>a:we:wentsi:n</lxoa>
<lxoa_c>a:we:wentsi:n</lxoa_c>
<dt>12/Feb/2006</dt>
<psm>N</psm>
<compound>N-N</compound>
<der>N-tsi:n</der>
<infn>N1</infn>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>literally the 'old man of the water,' a being that lives underwater with his wife. They are frequently the cause of illness and soul-loss of people who are frightened near or in the river. Offerings are given to him and <kam>a:lamatsi:n</kam> in order to appease them and gain the return of lost and frightened souls.</sense_e>
<sense_s>literalmente la 'mujer vieja del agua', un ser que vive dentro del agua con su esposa. A menudo son ellos la causa de las enfermedades y la p&#233;rdida de alma de gente que se asustan cerca de o adentro del r&#237;o. se le hacen ofrendas a el y a <kam>a:lamatsi:n</kam> para obtener el regresos de almas perdidas y asustadas.</sense_s>
<sense_d>Pending</sense_d>
</sense_egroup>
<root>a:</root>
<root>we:we:</root>
<qry>Cf. folklore notes and entry under /ka:wa/, as in /tlakaka:wa/.</qry>
<qry>I originally had /we:we:ntsi:n/, but this has been changed based on acoustic analysis of Oapan. Recheck this and all words with /we:wentsi:n/.</qry>
<semrefgroup>
<semref>a:lamatsi:n</semref>
<semref_t>confer</semref_t>
<semref_d>Am</semref_d>
</semrefgroup>
<semrefgroup>
<semref>a:l&#225;mats&#237;:n</semref>
<semref_t>confer</semref_t>
<semref_d>Oa</semref_d>
</semrefgroup>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>03546</ref>
<lxam>a:chichina:wi</lxam>
<lxam_c>a:chichina:wi</lxam_c>
<dt>12/Feb/2006</dt>
<lx_te>No</lx_te>
<psm>V1</psm>
<impers>tla-</impers>
<incorp>N-V1</incorp>
<der>V1-alt-wi</der>
<trans>~Trans</trans>
<lexical>Lex. rdp-s</lexical>
<infv>class-3a(w)</infv>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>to get leaf burn (a plant from an overabundance of water)</sense_e>
<sense_s>quemarsele las hojas (a una planta por una sobreabundancia de agua)</sense_s>
<sense_d>Am</sense_d>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>Axtopa tikto:kayan anjol&#237;:n, o:pe:w a:chichina:wi, kokolisyowa, kokoyo:ni ixiwyoh.</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>At first we used to plant sesame, (then) it would start to turn brown from water, it would become blighted, its leaves would become perforated.</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>Al principio sembrabamos anjol&#237;n, (despu&#233;s) empezaba a quemarse del agua, se infectaba de plaga, sus hojas se perforaban.</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
</sense_egroup>
<root>a:</root>
<root>china</root>
<qry>The length should be check since in all other cases I have short /a/, e.g., /tlachinawi/. If the length is changed, then also change it for this same phrase which occurs under /kokolisyowa/. In general an effort should be made to link together in a discussion the verbs /tlachinaw/, which seems to be {tlahchinawi} and /chinowa/. Since the standard variation is /a:wi/ and /a:wa/, and is /toma:wi/ and /toma:wa/, one would expect that if /chichina:wi/ were correct, we would find ?china:wa. But rather, the transitive is /chinowa/; perhpas the /a/ is, therefore, short in /chinawi/.</qry>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>03620</ref>
<lxam>a:tia</lxam>
<lxam_c>a:tia</lxam_c>
<lxoa>a:tia</lxoa>
<lxoa_c>a:tia</lxoa_c>
<dt>09/Feb/2006</dt>
<lx_te>No</lx_te>
<psm>V1</psm>
<impers>tla-</impers>
<der>V1-para-ki/ya/lia</der>
<trans>~Trans</trans>
<infv>class-4b(ya-x)</infv>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>to become watery</sense_e>
<sense_s>hacerse o volverse aguado</sense_s>
<sense_d>Pending</sense_d>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>Ma:ka a:tias un a:to:hli! Xnelo, ma tsakwa:nki!</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>Don't let the atole get watery! Stir it so that it thickens!</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>&#161;No dejes que se aguade el atole!&#161;B&#225;telo para que se ponga espeso!</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
</sense_egroup>
<root>a:</root>
<nse>This word is used in particular to refer to a liquid or mixture, such or atole, to which water may be added.</nse>
<qry>Check for transitive a:tilia, which should exist. Check for correct form with progressive.</qry>
<grm>Note that one has /a:tki/ and /a:tia/. Thus this is part of the paradigm mentioned.</grm>
<vl>Link second female token.</vl>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>03678</ref>
<lxam>a:miktia</lxam>
<lxam_c>ka:miktia</lxam_c>
<lxoa>a:mihtia</lxoa>
<lxoa_c>ka:mihtia</lxoa_c>
<dt>12/Feb/2006</dt>
<lx_te>No</lx_te>
<psm>V2</psm>
<incorp>N-V2</incorp>
<der>V2-d-ca</der>
<infv>class-2a</infv>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>to make thirsty (a person)</sense_e>
<sense_s>hacer que tenga sed (a algn); dar sed (a algn)</sense_s>
<sense_d>Pending</sense_d>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>Ne:cha:miktia.</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>I makes me thirsty.</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>Me da sed.</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>O:necha:miktih michin, kas toto:nki.</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>The fish made me thirsty, probably it is&quot;hot&quot;(in the hot/cold classification of foods).</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>El pescado me di&#243;sed, quiz&#225;es&quot;caliente&quot;(del sistema clasificatorio para comida de frio/caliente).</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>San yewa na:miktia, xo:kwi:kak a:tl.</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>He himself is the cause of his thirst, he didn't take water along.</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>El mismo tiene la culpa de tener sed, no llev&#243;agua consigo.</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
</sense_egroup>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>(with long vowel reduplication) to drown (sb); to drown or damage with too much water (a plant)</sense_e>
<sense_s>(con reduplicaci&#243;n de vocal larga) ahogar (una persona); ahogar o da&#241;ar por una abundancia de agua (una planta)</sense_s>
<sense_d>Pending</sense_d>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>Timitsa:mi:mikti:s.</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>I'm going to drown you.</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>Te voy a ahogar.</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>O:ka:mi:miktih nomi:l ika ke:n o:kiaw.</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>The heavy rains drowned my corn field (i.e., gave my maize root rot from too much water).</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>La lluvia fuerte inund&#243;mi milpa (esto es, pudri&#243;la ra&#237;z del ma&#237;z con tanta agua).</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
</sense_egroup>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>(with long vowel reduplication) to prevent from breathing or to suffocate; or make it hard to breathe for (sb)</sense_e>
<sense_s>(con reduplicaci&#243;n de vocal larga) sufocar; hacer la respiraci&#243;n dif&#237;cil a</sense_s>
<sense_d>Pending</sense_d>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>Ne:cha:mi:miktia ko:lo:tl.</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>The scorpion (bite) is making it difficult for me to breathe.</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>El (piquete del) alacr&#225;n me dificulta la respiraci&#243;n.</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
</sense_egroup>
<root>a:</root>
<root>miki</root>
<qry>Note the reference in one phrase above to the hot/cold system of classification. This should be explored and referred to in the cultural encyclopedia.</qry>
<grm>Re: causativization, note how it indicates when reflexively marked, indirectly by implication, culpability and responsibility: /San yewa na:miktia, xo:kwi:kak a:tl/ 'He himself is the cause of his thirst, he didn't take water along.' This naturally emerges from the semantics of a two-person reflexive event.</grm>
<grm>/O:ka:mi:miktih nomi:l ika ke:n o:kiaw/ Note use of complementation with /ika/.</grm>
<vl>Link second female token.</vl>
<xrefgroup>
<xref>a:miki</xref>
<xref_t>verb_base</xref_t>
<xref_d>Am, Oa</xref_d>
</xrefgroup>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>03705</ref>
<lxam>a:pachowa</lxam>
<lxam_c>ka:pachowa</lxam_c>
<lxoa>a:pachowa</lxoa>
<lxoa_c>ka:pachowa</lxoa_c>
<dt>24/Feb/2006</dt>
<lx_te>No</lx_te>
<psm>V2</psm>
<incorp>N-V2</incorp>
<der>V2-alt-wi</der>
<trans>Compl</trans>
<infv>class-2b</infv>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>to cover with water; to soak in water; to steep in water</sense_e>
<sense_s>sumergir en, o cubrir con, agua; remojar en agua</sense_s>
<sense_d>Pending</sense_d>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>Xka:pacho, ma a:sia:wi!</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>Cover it with water, let it soak (e.g., palm that will be used for tying, clothes to wash, etc.)!</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>&#161;Sum&#233;rgelo en agua, d&#233;jalo remojar (p. ej., palma que se necesita ablandar para que se pueda atar, ropa para lavar, etc.)!</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>Xka:pacho un so:ya:tl para ma yema:nia.</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>Cover (soak) that palm in water so that it gets soft (and can be used to tie things).</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>Mete esa palma en agua para que se suavize (y se pueda utilizar para atar o entrelazar cosas).</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>Xka:pacho moyew para tikonxi:ni:s! Tikpapa:kas.</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>Place your beans in water, you will (later) toss them (into a pot to cook)! You will wash them (this refers to the action of placing beans in a water-filled bowl to soften and clean them before cooking).</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>Mete los frijoles en agua, los vas a hervir (despu&#233;s)! Los vas a lavar (se refiere a la acci&#243;n de poner frijoles en un plato hondo con agua para ablandarlos y limpiarlos antes de cocerlos).</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
</sense_egroup>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>to ply with drink; to give much drink to</sense_e>
<sense_s>ofrecer bebida con insistencia; ofrecer y servir mucha bebida</sense_s>
<sense_d>Pending</sense_d>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>Ml&#225;:k o:te:cha:pachokeh.</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>They really plied us with drink.</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>Nos servieron mucha bebida.</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
</sense_egroup>
<root>a:</root>
<root>pach</root>
<nse>The term <kamoa>a:pachowa</kamoa> may be used to refer to the action of placing bark in a bowl of water so that the medicinal properties seep into the water, which may then be drunk.</nse>
<qry>Add phrase to entry under /xi:nia/.</qry>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>03823</ref>
<lxam>a:pochi:ni</lxam>
<lxam_c>a:pochi:ni</lxam_c>
<lxoa>a:pochi:ni</lxoa>
<lxoa_c>&#225;:poch&#237;:ni</lxoa_c>
<dt>12/Feb/2006</dt>
<lx_te>No</lx_te>
<psm>V1</psm>
<impers>tla-</impers>
<incorp>N-V1</incorp>
<der>V1-alt-ni[+ca]</der>
<trans>+Caus</trans>
<infv>class-3a</infv>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>to become spongy or fuzzy from water; to come apart in water (e.g. tortillas, bread, some types of paper, soap, and even some rocks)</sense_e>
<sense_s>esponjarse o desmoronarse por estar en agua; deshacerse en el agua (p. ej., tortilla, pan, algunos tipos de papel, jab&#243;n y hasta algunas piedras)</sense_s>
<sense_d>Pending</sense_d>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>O:a:pochi:n mokxitla:hlo.</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>The dirt on your feet got soft from water (i.e., in bathing, after it had hardened from not bathing).</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>La mugre sobre tus pies se abland&#243;con el agua (p. ej., al ba&#241;arte despu&#233;s de que se hab&#237;a endurecido porque no te hab&#237;as ba&#241;ado).</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>A:pochi:ni, papa:ti.</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>It softens up in water, it starts to dissolve.</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>Se ablanda en el agua, empieza a disolverse (papel, jab&#243;n, pan, tortillas, etc.).</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>Yo:a:pochi:n nokxi. A:man ma ntetechiki para ma ki:sa un tla:hli.</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>My foot (i.e., the dirt or even dried skin on it) has softened up in the water. Now let me scrape it so that the dirt comes off.</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>Mi pie (esto es, la tierra o mugre endurecida que ha formado una capa, o la piel muerta y dura) se ablanda con el agua. Ahora d&#233;jame rasparlo para que se caiga la mugre.</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
</sense_egroup>
<disamb>a:yema:nia</disamb>
<root>a:</root>
<root>pochi:</root>
<mod>add ixkitla:hlo to dictionary. Also add the indicated phrase with /chiki/ and /pa:ti/ reduplicated under these headwords.</mod>
<nae>Although the citation form from Oapan manifests pitch accent on the initial underlyingly long vowel, which is a reflex of reduplication, the headword entry is not&quot;reduplicated.&quot;This variation should be explored, but it would appear that Oapan <koa>a:pochi:ni</koa> is correct given that the causative form, <koa>a:pochi:naltia</koa>, has been documented without pitch accent.</nae>
<nse>Transitive form apparently takes causative.</nse>
<xrefgroup>
<xref>a:pochi:naltia</xref>
<xref_t>val_add_caus</xref_t>
<xref_d>Am, Oa</xref_d>
</xrefgroup>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>03869</ref>
<lxam>chochoteya</lxam>
<lxam_alt>chochoteya</lxam_alt>
<lxoa>chochoteya</lxoa>
<lxoa_alt>chachataya</lxoa_alt>
<lxoa_c>chochoteya</lxoa_c>
<dt>12/Feb/2006</dt>
<psm>N</psm>
<der>N-ap</der>
<infn>N1</infn>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>type of small nsect still not identified</sense_e>
<sense_s>tipo de insecto peque&#241;o todav&#237;a no identificado</sense_s>
<sense_d>Am, Oa</sense_d>
</sense_egroup>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>type of edible grasshopper still not identified</sense_e>
<sense_s>tipo de chapulin todav&#237;a no identificado</sense_s>
<sense_d>Oa</sense_d>
</sense_egroup>
<semfld>animal</semfld>
<semfld>insect</semfld>
<ency_note>insects</ency_note>
<root>a:</root>
<root>ko:m</root>
<root>teya</root>
<nse>Florencia Marcelino stated that the animal called <koa>chochoteya</koa>, the male not the female, may be asked <koa>Ka:nika M&#233;:jikoh</koa> and in response it raises its arm. The female, which is eaten, is not asked this question. Moises Dom&#237;nguez, however, stated that there are in fact two different animals called by this name. One is small and this is the one that one may ask directions of (e.g., where is ones house). The other is larger and is a type of edible grasshopper. According to Roberto Mauricio there are two sexes of this grasshopper. The male has a small rear and the female has a large rear. Both are green.</nse>
<qry>Note that my notes had only the name /a:ko:nteya/ in a list of small animals, yet with no description. Apparently this is another animal, but it should be confirmed. In my notes I had /a:ko:nteyak/ as an alternative pronunciation. Note the C. Flores denied that the correct form was /a:kon:teya/ and instead gave /chochoteya/</qry>
<semrefgroup>
<semref>a:ko:nteya</semref>
<semref_t>equivalent</semref_t>
<semref_d>Am</semref_d>
</semrefgroup>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>03883</ref>
<lxam>a:burrah</lxam>
<lxam_c>a:burrah</lxam_c>
<dt>12/Feb/2006</dt>
<loan>(part) <spn>burra</spn></loan>
<psm>N</psm>
<compound>N-N</compound>
<der>N-b</der>
<infn>N1</infn>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>type of fish not identified or described</sense_e>
<sense_s>tipo de pescado no identificado ni descrito</sense_s>
<sense_d>Am</sense_d>
</sense_egroup>
<semfld>animal</semfld>
<semfld>marine</semfld>
<root>a:</root>
<nse>Luis Lucena was not sure what kind of fish this is. He stated that he has heard this word, but never seen the fish to which is supposedly refers. He added that it might be the same as the <kbam>a:pitso</kbam>another type of fish of which he has heard the name but never seen.</nse>
<semrefgroup>
<semref>a:pitso</semref>
<semref_t>equivalent</semref_t>
<semref_d>Am</semref_d>
</semrefgroup>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>03886</ref>
<lxam>a:pani</lxam>
<lxam_c>a:pani</lxam_c>
<dt>12/Feb/2006</dt>
<psm>N</psm>
<compound>N-Adv</compound>
<der>N-?</der>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>place where the water is shallow (e.g., in a river or stream)</sense_e>
<sense_s>lugar donde est&#225;poco profunda el agua (de un arroyo o r&#237;o)</sense_s>
<sense_d>Pending</sense_d>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>Yo:niki:s ka:n a:pani, xok tlawekatlan.</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>I've come out where the water is shallow, it's no longer deep.</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>He salido donde el agua es poco profunda, ya no es muy profunda.</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
</sense_egroup>
<root>a:</root>
<root>pani</root>
<qry>The categorization of /a:pani/ is not clear. Launey gives /pani/ as an adverb (meaning 'on top' or encima). Cf. to /pani/. Here it would seem that the literal meaning is something like 'the water is on top' or 'el agua esta encima'. It would appear that the locative nature of /a:pani/ is diminished given the fact that /ka:n/ is used although one does have phrases such as /ka:n wekatlan/ as a type of headless relative with a modifier.</qry>
<qry>Determine when one uses /wekatlan/ (e.g., ka:n wekatlan) and when one uses /tlawekatlan/. I would think that the former can be used with /ka:n/ whereas the latter can't.</qry>
<grm>Yo:niki:s ka:n a:pani, xok tlawekatlan.&quot;I've come out where the water is shallow, it's no longer deep.&quot;Note here the use of tla- with wekatlan. Whereas wekatlan is more an adjective, though it can be a predicate, tlawekatlan seems to be a noun, refering to a place that is deep. Note the difference in the use of /ka:n/ with /a:pani/ and the prefix /tla-/ with wekatlan (I believe a previous example had ka:n wekatlan (do a search).</grm>
<semrefgroup>
<semref>pani</semref>
<semref_t>confer</semref_t>
<semref_d>Oa</semref_d>
</semrefgroup>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>03891</ref>
<lxam>a:tli:tia</lxam>
<lxam_c>ka:tli:tia</lxam_c>
<lxoa>a:tli:tia</lxoa>
<lxoa_c>ka:tli:tia</lxoa_c>
<dt>09/Feb/2006</dt>
<lx_te>No</lx_te>
<psm>V2</psm>
<incorp>N-V2</incorp>
<der>V2-d-ca</der>
<infv>class-2a</infv>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>to give water to (particularly an animal, taking it to a well, river, or brook, or giving him water in a trough)</sense_e>
<sense_s>dar agua a o abrevar (un animal, o llev&#225;ndolo a un pozo, r&#237;o o arroyo, o d&#225;ndole de beber de una pileta)</sense_s>
<sense_d>Pending</sense_d>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>Nika:tli:ti:s. noburroh.</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>I will give my donkey water to drink.</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>Le voy a dar agua a mi burro para que beba.</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
</sense_egroup>
<root>a:</root>
<root>i:</root>
<xrefgroup>
<xref>a:tli</xref>
<xref_t>verb_base</xref_t>
<xref_d>Am, Oa</xref_d>
</xrefgroup>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>03936</ref>
<lxam>a:poso:naltia</lxam>
<lxam_c>ka:poso:naltia</lxam_c>
<dt>12/Feb/2006</dt>
<lx_te>No</lx_te>
<psm>V2</psm>
<incorp>N-V2</incorp>
<der>V2-d-ca[ni]</der>
<trans>~Intrans</trans>
<infv>class-2a</infv>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>to make froth</sense_e>
<sense_s>hacer espumar</sense_s>
<sense_d>Pending</sense_d>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>Tika:pa:tso:s ipan moma, poso:ni ke:n jab&#243;n. Tika:poso:nalti:s</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>You will moisten it in the palm of your hand, it bubbles up like soap. You will make it froth up with water</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>Vas a echarle agua en la palma de tu mano, se hace espuma como si fuera jab&#243;n. Vas a hacerlo espumar con agua.</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
</sense_egroup>
<root>a:</root>
<root>poso:</root>
<nae>Unlike most verbs that end in <kam>-ni</kam> , <kam>a:poso:naltia</kam> follows the pattern of certain verbs of motion (<kam>tsikwi:ni</kam> , <kam>patla:ni</kam>) in that the transtive is a causative, not a nondirected alternation. However, the intransitive form <kam>a:poso:ni</kam> has not been documented. There is, however, an adjectival form <klam>a:poso:nki</klam></nae>
<qry>Check for intransitive form ?/a:poso:ni/. Also check for /a:poso:nia/.</qry>
<semrefgroup>
<semref>a:poso:nia</semref>
<semref_t>equivalent</semref_t>
<semref_d>Oa</semref_d>
</semrefgroup>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>04011</ref>
<lxam>a:mana</lxam>
<lxam_c>ka:mana</lxam_c>
<lxoa>a:mana</lxoa>
<lxoa_c>ka:mana</lxoa_c>
<dt>12/Feb/2006</dt>
<lx_te>No</lx_te>
<psm>V2</psm>
<incorp>N-V2</incorp>
<der>V2-alt-ni</der>
<trans>~Trans</trans>
<infv>class-3a</infv>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>to place in water</sense_e>
<sense_s>colocar en agua</sense_s>
<sense_d>Pending</sense_d>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>O:tika:man para ma:ka pili:nis niman.</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>You placed them (e.g., flowers) in water so that they don't shrivel up right away.</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>Las colocaste (p. ej., flores) en agua para que no se marchitaran luego luego.</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
</sense_egroup>
<root>a:</root>
<root>man</root>
<qry>Check definition/significance of word, i.e. to place&quot;in&quot;or&quot;on&quot;water. Also cf. if the intransitive form exists.</qry>
<mod>Determine proper codification and root forms for /mani/, etc., which differ from other /V:ni/ verbs.</mod>
<grm>Word order; predicate modification: /O:tika:man para ma:ka pili:nis niman/ 'You placed them (e.g., flowers) in water so that they don't shrivel up right away.' Note the word order with the /niman/ at the end. This should be commented on.</grm>
<vl>The first token of Florencia Marcelino is /k&#225;man&#225;/, with pitch accent on the first and last syllables. This should be tagged with reference 4456. The remaning four tokens are correct utterances of /ka:mana/.</vl>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>04078</ref>
<lxam>a:pachiwi</lxam>
<lxam_c>a:pachiwi</lxam_c>
<lxoa>a:pachiwi</lxoa>
<lxoa_c>a:pachiwi</lxoa_c>
<dt>09/Feb/2006</dt>
<lx_te>No</lx_te>
<psm>V1</psm>
<impers>tla-</impers>
<incorp>N-V1</incorp>
<der>V1-alt-wi</der>
<trans>Compl</trans>
<infv>class-3a(w)</infv>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>to get covered with water (e.g., sth that falls into a bucket, pool, pond, etc.)</sense_e>
<sense_s>cubrirse con agua (algo, p. ej., que se ha caido en una cubeta, charca, laguna, etc.)</sense_s>
<sense_d>Pending</sense_d>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>O:a:pachiw, O:wetsito ka:n wekatlan.</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>It got covered with water. It fell off into a place where the water was deep.</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>Se tap&#243;con agua. Cay&#243;en una parte profunda del agua.</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>O:a:pachiw mosombre:roh, o:tma:niyew itik a:tl.</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>Your hat got covered with water, you let it slip out of your hands into the water.</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>Se cubri&#243;tu sombrero con agua, se te fue de la mano al agua.</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
</sense_egroup>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>to soak in water</sense_e>
<sense_s>remojarse en agua</sense_s>
<sense_d>Pending</sense_d>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>A:pachiwtok.</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>The palm is soaking in water (e.g., palm to be softened, clothes that will be cleaned).</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>Est&#225;remojandose en agua (palma para suavizarse, ropa que se va a lavar, etc.).</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
</sense_egroup>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>to become innundated (a field or section of land)</sense_e>
<sense_s>inundarse; cubrirse con agua (un terreno).Est&#225;inundado (un campo o sembrad&#237;o)</sense_s>
<sense_d>Pending</sense_d>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>Yo:pe:w a:pachiwi nomi:l, kalaki a:te:ntli.</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>My cornfield has started to get flooded, the (rising) river has expanded into it.</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>Ya se empez&#243;a inundar mi milpa, el r&#237;o (crecido) le est&#225;entrando.</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
</sense_egroup>
<root>a:</root>
<root>pach</root>
<mod>Use phrase with /ma:niyewa/ with entry under /ma:niyewa/. Check vowel length.</mod>
<grm>Locatives; /-ka:n/: O:a:pachiw, O:wetsito ka:n wekatlan. Note the use of /ka:n/ with a&quot;locative.&quot;</grm>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>04084</ref>
<lxam>a:tete:mowilia</lxam>
<lxam_c>ka:tete:mowilia</lxam_c>
<dt>09/Feb/2006</dt>
<lx_te>No</lx_te>
<psm>V3</psm>
<incorp>N-V3</incorp>
<der>V3-d-ap</der>
<infv>class-2a</infv>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>to divine about (sth) for, using copal and maize thrown in a bowl of water</sense_e>
<sense_s>adivinar o echar suerte (acerca de algo) para, echando ma&#237;z y copal en un recipiente con agua</sense_s>
<sense_d>Am</sense_d>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>Xne:cha:tete:mowili ka:n o:wetsito!</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>Divine for me about where it fell off (e.g., an animal off a cliff) by using copal and maize thrown in a <spn>j&#237;cara</spn> filled with water!</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>&#161;Adiv&#237;name la suerte de donde se fue a caer, echando copal y ma&#237;z en una j&#237;cara con agua!</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
</sense_egroup>
<root>a:</root>
<root>te:mo</root>
<qry>Check correctness of /xne:cha:tete:mowili ka:n o:wetsito/, a phrase that I have slightly changed from the original. Make sure how the secondary object can be expressed.</qry>
<xrefgroup>
<xref>a:tete:mowa</xref>
<xref_t>verb_base</xref_t>
<xref_d>Am</xref_d>
</xrefgroup>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>04107</ref>
<lxam>a:totsowa</lxam>
<lxam_c>ka:totsowa</lxam_c>
<lxoa>a:totsowa</lxoa>
<lxoa_c>ka:totsowa</lxoa_c>
<dt>09/Feb/2006</dt>
<lx_te>No</lx_te>
<psm>V2</psm>
<incorp>N-V2</incorp>
<der>V2-alt-wi</der>
<trans>Compl</trans>
<infv>class-2b</infv>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>to water down or make watery (a mixture that normally would have some water added to it)</sense_e>
<sense_s>echarle agua para hacer m&#225;s aguado (una mezcala a que normalmente se le agrega agua)</sense_s>
<sense_d>Pending</sense_d>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>Xka:totso un sokitl para titlai:xmanaskeh.</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>Add water to that mud so that we can spread cover a surface (e.g., a floor, with it).</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>Echale agua al barro para que podamos cubir una superficie (como un piso, con ello)</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
</sense_egroup>
<root>a:</root>
<root>tots</root>
<qry>See note under /a:totsiwi/.</qry>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>04134</ref>
<lxam>a:xi:xtlami</lxam>
<lxam_c>a:xi:xtlami</lxam_c>
<lxoa>a:xi:xtlami</lxoa>
<lxoa_c>a:xi:xtlami</lxoa_c>
<dt>11/Feb/2006</dt>
<lx_te>No</lx_te>
<psm>V1</psm>
<impers>tla-</impers>
<incorp>N-V1</incorp>
<der>V1-alt-mi(a)</der>
<infv>class-3a(m)</infv>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>to urinate completely (emptying ones bladder so that one does not immediately need to go again)</sense_e>
<sense_s>terminar con la necesidad de orinar (para que no tiene que ir otra vez en seguida)</sense_s>
<sense_d>Oa</sense_d>
</sense_egroup>
<root>a:</root>
<root>xi:x</root>
<root>tlami</root>
<nse>This is usually used in the negative, as is the similar term <kloa>xi:xtlami</kloa>.</nse>
<vl>Link first female token and second male token.</vl>
<semrefgroup>
<semref>tlapia:stlami</semref>
<semref_t>equivalent</semref_t>
<semref_d>Oa</semref_d>
</semrefgroup>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>04156</ref>
<lxam>a:yawtok</lxam>
<lxam_c>a:yawtok</lxam_c>
<lxoa>a:yahtok</lxoa>
<lxoa_c>a:yahtok</lxoa_c>
<dt>12/Feb/2006</dt>
<psm>Stat</psm>
<der>*V0-Stat</der>
<infv>Durative</infv>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>to be foggy or misty</sense_e>
<sense_s>juntarse la neblina o brizna</sense_s>
<sense_d>Pending</sense_d>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>A:yawtok.</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>It is foggy (or, becoming foggy).</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>Hay neblina (o, est&#225;poni&#233;ndose neblinoso).</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
</sense_egroup>
<semfld>weather</semfld>
<root>a:</root>
<root>yawi</root>
<qry>Check actual use in a phrase. Determine that no impersonal/detransitivizing marker can be used. Also check whether the stative or progressive interpretation is more common for /a:yawtok/, or whether the particle /ye/ must be used with the progressive, to wit /ye a:yawtok/ 'it is becoming foggy.' Check whether the intransitive can be used. Originally I had /a:yawi/ as an entry, but all examples are of the stative.</qry>
<qry_fon>For the determination of vowel length in words with /aya/ sequences, the pattern here in the spectrograms seems quite indicative (paradigmatic) for a /a:ya/ sequence.</qry_fon>
<root_notes>Note problem of etymology here and in other words of climate, etc., i.e. should root be /a:yawi/ or simply /a:ya/; cf. /kiawi/, etc. For roots of /a:yawi/, /ce:payawi/, /kiawi/, etc. made a x-ref. note.</root_notes>
<xrefgroup>
<xref>tlaa:yawtok</xref>
<xref_t>plus_tla</xref_t>
<xref_d>Am</xref_d>
</xrefgroup>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>04187</ref>
<lxam>yesa:tli</lxam>
<lxam_c>yesa:tli</lxam_c>
<dt>09/Feb/2006</dt>
<lx_te>No</lx_te>
<psm>V1</psm>
<impers>tla-</impers>
<incorp>N-[N-V1]</incorp>
<der>V1-b</der>
<infv>class-4a(oni)</infv>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>to drink blood</sense_e>
<sense_s>chupar o beber sangre</sense_s>
<sense_d>Am</sense_d>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>O:ne:chkwah sa:yo:lin. Kwahli o:yesa:tli:k, pero a:man yohmiktih.</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>A mosquito bit me. It drank a lot of blood, but now I've killed it.</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>Me pic&#243;un mosquito. Chup&#243;mucha sangre, pero ahora lo mat&#233;.</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
</sense_egroup>
<root>es</root>
<root>a:</root>
<root>i:</root>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>04209</ref>
<lxam>a:toktia</lxam>
<lxam_c>ka:toktia</lxam_c>
<lxoa>a:tohtia</lxoa>
<lxoa_alt>a:toltia</lxoa_alt>
<lxoa_c>ka:tohtia</lxoa_c>
<dt>12/Feb/2006</dt>
<lx_te>No</lx_te>
<psm>V2</psm>
<incorp>N-V2</incorp>
<der>V2-d-ca</der>
<infv>class-2a</infv>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>to allow to be swept away by the current (sth let loose in moving water, such as a river)</sense_e>
<sense_s>dejar que se lleve por el agua (algo soltado en la corriente, p. ej., de un r&#237;o)</sense_s>
<sense_d>Pending</sense_d>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>O:nika:toktih.</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>I let it get swept away by the river.</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>Dej&#233;que el r&#237;o se lo llevara.</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>O:nitla:toktih.</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>I let things (e.g., that I was holding) get swept away by the river.</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>Dej&#233;que el r&#237;o se llevera algunas cosas.</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
</sense_egroup>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>(with short vowel reduplication) to let or make dissolve (e.g., salt in a salt dish by putting water in it)</sense_e>
<sense_s>(con reduplicaci&#243;n de vocal corta) disolver o hacer disolver en agua (p. ej., sal al agregar agua al salero)</sense_s>
<sense_d>Oa</sense_d>
</sense_egroup>
<root>a:</root>
<root>toka</root>
<qry>Determine whether this only refers to accidently letting something get swept away, for whether it might be intentional. Thus, for example, cf. R. Sim&#233;on who gives: atoctia, nite- arrojar a alquien al agua and nitla- tirar una cosa a una corriente de agua para que se la lleve.</qry>
<grm>Causatives: Note that this is apparently a causative of a passive; and it has the meaning or significance, at least in some senses, of&quot;let&quot;or&quot;allow that.&quot;Cf. Comrie's and others' discussion of causatives. Add this word to the chapter on causatives.</grm>
<xrefgroup>
<xref>a:tokowa</xref>
<xref_t>verb_base</xref_t>
<xref_d>Oa</xref_d>
</xrefgroup>
<xrefgroup>
<xref>a:tokuwa</xref>
<xref_t>verb_base</xref_t>
<xref_d>Am</xref_d>
</xrefgroup>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>04221</ref>
<lxam>a:chika:wi</lxam>
<lxam_c>a:chika:wi</lxam_c>
<lxoa>a:chika:wi</lxoa>
<lxoa_c>a:chika:wi</lxoa_c>
<dt>12/Feb/2006</dt>
<lx_te>No</lx_te>
<psm>V1</psm>
<impers>tla-</impers>
<incorp>N-V1</incorp>
<der>V1-alt-wi</der>
<infv>class-3a(w)</infv>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>to become hardened by having been immersed in water, or having been used to hold water for a long time (ceramics and other similar materials)</sense_e>
<sense_s>macizarse a causa de haber sido sumergida en agua o haber sido llenado con agua por mucho tiempo (particularmente la cer&#225;mica o materiales parecidas)</sense_s>
<sense_d>Pending</sense_d>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>Xte:kili a:tl un tso:tsokohli, ma a:chika:wi!</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>Pour water into that water jug so that it hardens!</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>&#161;Vi&#233;rtele agua a ese c&#225;ntaro para que se macice!</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
</sense_egroup>
<root>a:</root>
<root>chika:</root>
<nse>Once hardened as such, a ceramic container will no longer allow water to leak or filter out.</nse>
<qry_fon>Note that the initial vowel in this word is 95 and 99 ms for Florencia and 81 ms for both tokens of Inocencio. A question will be to compare the initial /a:/ of several words that would seem to have a long /a:/ in the incorporated noun stem with other words in which the /a/ should be short. Is there a difference?</qry_fon>
<grm>Orthography: The tension between a deep and shallow orthography should be thoroughly discussed in the introduction. One question concerns vowel length. It seems clear that in certain contexts, particularly initial and final vowels (including final vowels followed by the absolutive) there might be some predictable vowel shortening. The question is, if length is found to be neutralized in initial position, should it not be marked. My feeling at this time is that in regard to vowel length, perhaps an effort should be made to mark underlying form (i.e., length) despite the lack of clarity as to whether length is continually maintained across positions in words. Certainly in /a:chika:wi/ it is not clear that the initial vowel has a long duration. But it should probably be written.</grm>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>04234</ref>
<lxam>a:tli</lxam>
<lxam_c>a:tli</lxam_c>
<lxoa>a:tli</lxoa>
<lxoa_c>a:tli</lxoa_c>
<dt>21/Feb/2006</dt>
<lx_te>No</lx_te>
<psm>V1</psm>
<impers>tla-</impers>
<incorp>N-V2</incorp>
<der>V1-b</der>
<infv>class-4a(oni)</infv>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>to drink water or, by extension, any other liquid</sense_e>
<sense_s>beber agua o, por extensi&#243;n, cualquier otro l&#237;quido</sense_s>
<sense_d>Pending</sense_d>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>Ma na:tli. Na:miki.</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>Let me take a drink! I'm thirsty.</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>&#161;D&#233;jame tomar agua! tengo sed.</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>Kwa:k tlakwa a:tli:tiw.</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<snd_am>04234_01_am</snd_am>
<src_p>Cristino Flores: 00001_00050_CF_AM_mono_pitch_correction_x2.wav / 12:03</src_p>
<phrase_e>When he eats, he drinks along (i.e., continually takes sips of water).</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>Cuando come, va bebiendo (esto es, va tomando agua, poco a poco).</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
</sense_egroup>
<root>a:</root>
<root>i:</root>
<nae>Although reduplication of vowel initial stems in Oapan almost always involves the aggregation of a fixed pitch accent and (if possible, i.e., with short initial vowels) length to the initial vowel, there are exceptions. For <koa>a:tli</koa> the reduplication is realized on a preceding vowel: <koa>&#243;:n&#225;:tli</koa> and not * <koa>on&#225;:tl&#237;</koa>. Also, note that if there is no preceding short vowel, then the initial vowel is overtly reduplicated: <koa>&#225;&#225;:tli</koa>. If the use of the verb is transitive, then the 3rd person object prefix is used: <koa>ka:tli</koa> then it is reduplicated with the reduplicant: <koa>k&#225;k&#225;:tli</koa>. The precise conditions under which this type of reduplication occurs is not clear; however, it does seem to be related to cases (e.g., <kloa>a:wiltia</kloa>) in which a transitive verb is reduplicated with the 3rd-person object marker <kn>k-</kn> : <koa>k&#225;k&#225;:wilti&#225;</koa>. Note, moreover, that at least according to the pronunciation of Roberto M auricio the lexicalized incorporated prefix assumes th e quality of the consonant of the prefix. Thus one finds: <koa>k&#225;k&#225;:wilti&#225;</koa> as well as <koa>mits&#225;ts&#225;:wilti&#225;</koa> and <koa>n&#233;:chach&#225;:wilti&#225;</koa>.</nae>
<grm>Reduplication: Although reduplication of vowel initial stems in Oapan almost always involves the aggregation of a fixed pitch accent and (if possible, i.e., with short initial vowels) length to the initial vowel, there are exceptions. For <koa>a:tli</koa> the reduplication is realized on a preceding vowel: <koa>&#243;:n&#225;:tli</koa> and not * <koa>on&#225;:tl&#237;</koa>. Also, note that if there is no preceding short vowel, then the initial vowel is overtly reduplicated: <koa>&#225;&#225;:tli</koa>. If the use of the verb is transitive, then the 3rd person object prefix is used: <koa>ka:tli</koa> then it is reduplicated with the reduplicant: <koa>k&#225;k&#225;:tli</koa>. The precise conditions under which this type of reduplication occurs is not clear; however, it does seem to be related to cases (e.g., <kloa>a:wiltia</kloa>) in which a transitive verb is reduplicated with the 3rd-person object marker <kn>k-</kn> : <koa>k&#225;k&#225;:wilti&#225;</koa>.</grm>
<grm>-tiw In the phrase /kwa:k tlakwa a:tli:tiw note that the use of -tiw clearly has a temporal and not spatial meaning.</grm>
<vl>The first female token is /a:tl/. This should be given ref. 1657. Then she makes another mistake and the next token is /a:ti/. This should be tagged as 7685. Finally there is the correct form, /a:tli/.</vl>
<xrefgroup>
<xref>a:tli:tia</xref>
<xref_t>val_add_caus</xref_t>
<xref_d>Am, Oa</xref_d>
</xrefgroup>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>04261</ref>
<lxam>a:ltika:yoh</lxam>
<lxam_c>xna:ltika:yoh</lxam_c>
<lxoa>&#225;:ltik&#225;:yoh</lxoa>
<lxoa_c>xn&#225;:ltik&#225;:yoh</lxoa_c>
<dt>12/Feb/2006</dt>
<psm>Adj</psm>
<der>Adj-dvb-ka:yoh-neg(refl.)</der>
<lexical>Reduced rpd-s(vowel-l)</lexical>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>(<kn>x</kn> + refl.) unbathed</sense_e>
<sense_s>(<kn>x</kn> + refl.) no ba&#241;ado</sense_s>
<sense_d>Pending</sense_d>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>Xnama:ltika:yokeh. Nankwa:tla:hlokeh.</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>You (pl) are not cleanly bathed. You have dirty heads.</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>No est&#225;n ustedes bien ba&#241;ados. Tienen las cabezas llenas de tierras.</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
</sense_egroup>
<root>a:</root>
<qry>Although I have not checked in this present case, in other similar words ending in /ka:yoh/ apparently there is a tendency for them to be used in the negative; check to see if this is a necessary condition. Cf. also forms such as /xtlah tikchi:wka:yoh/ or similar phrases.</qry>
<grm>Mention this form in the grammar. Also all should be coded and an explanation given in the coding manual that these are listed in the basic affirmative form. Note also that from /xtlah tikchi:wka:yoh/ that the negative marker is phrasal and may not occur next to the participial form. Note that it may take a reflexive morphology.</grm>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>04271</ref>
<lxam>a:xi:xpal</lxam>
<lxam_c>a:xi:xpal</lxam_c>
<dt>22/Oct/2005</dt>
<psm>Adj</psm>
<compound>N-N-pal</compound>
<der>N-loc-2</der>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>to be a person who urinates a lot</sense_e>
<sense_s>ser un me&#243;n; ser alguien que orina mucho</sense_s>
<sense_d>Am</sense_d>
</sense_egroup>
<root>a:</root>
<root>xi:xa</root>
<root_rel>-pal</root_rel>
<semrefgroup>
<semref>a:xi:xaleh</semref>
<semref_t>synonym</semref_t>
<semref_d>Am</semref_d>
</semrefgroup>
<semrefgroup>
<semref>a:xi:xtewe:i</semref>
<semref_t>synonym</semref_t>
<semref_d>Oa</semref_d>
</semrefgroup>
<semrefgroup>
<semref>a:xi:xte:roh</semref>
<semref_t>synonym</semref_t>
<semref_d>Oa</semref_d>
</semrefgroup>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>04323</ref>
<lxam>a:xi:xkwalo</lxam>
<lxam_c>a:xi:xkwalo</lxam_c>
<dt>12/Feb/2006</dt>
<lx_te>No</lx_te>
<psm>V1</psm>
<impers>tla-</impers>
<incorp>[N-N]-V1</incorp>
<der>V1-pass</der>
<infv>class-4a(pass)</infv>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>to feel pain when urinating</sense_e>
<sense_s>sentir dolor al orinar</sense_s>
<sense_d>Pending</sense_d>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>Na:xi:xkwalo. Toto:nki nikpia nitik.</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>It hurts when I urinate. I am hot inside.</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>Me duele al orinar. siento caliente adentro.</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
</sense_egroup>
<root>a:</root>
<root>xi:xa</root>
<root>kwa</root>
<nse>In Ameyaltepec it is said that if one goes to burn the fields (<spn>monte</spn>), one will as a result feel a burning pain when urinating (<kam>a:xi:xkwalo:s</kam>) as a result of being near the heat of the burning field.</nse>
<semrefgroup>
<semref>tlapia:skwalo</semref>
<semref_t>equivalent</semref_t>
<semref_d>Oa</semref_d>
</semrefgroup>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>04366</ref>
<lxam>a:xi:xmiki</lxam>
<lxam_c>a:xi:xmiki</lxam_c>
<dt>05/Mar/2006</dt>
<lx_te>No</lx_te>
<psm>V1</psm>
<incorp>N-V1</incorp>
<der>V1-b</der>
<infv>class-3a(k)</infv>
<impers>-lo</impers>
<impers_d>Oa</impers_d>
<impers>-:lo</impers>
<impers_d>Am</impers_d>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>to need to urinate badly</sense_e>
<sense_s>tener muchas ganas de o necesitar orinar</sense_s>
<sense_d>Pending</sense_d>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>Na:xi:xmiki, xok nikxi:kowa.</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>I have to urinate badly, I can't bear it anymore.</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>Tengo muchas ganas de (necesidad de) orinar, ya no lo aguanto.</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
</sense_egroup>
<root>a:</root>
<root>xi:xa</root>
<root>miki</root>
<disamb>miki</disamb>
<mod>Add onomasiological entry discussing /miki/ as a compound verb.</mod>
<semrefgroup>
<semref>tlapia:smiki</semref>
<semref_t>equivalent</semref_t>
<semref_d>Oa</semref_d>
</semrefgroup>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>04402</ref>
<lxam>a:xi:xtemi:na</lxam>
<lxam_c>ka:xi:xtemi:na</lxam_c>
<lxoa>a:xi:xtemi:ni</lxoa>
<lxoa_c>ka:xi:xtemi:ni</lxoa_c>
<dt>12/Feb/2006</dt>
<lx_te>No</lx_te>
<psm>V2</psm>
<incorp>N-V2</incorp>
<der>V2-b</der>
<lexical>Lex. infix <kn>te-</kn></lexical>
<infv>class-3a</infv>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>to urinate on (dogs and other animals that mark territory with urine)</sense_e>
<sense_s>orinar sobre (perros y otros animals que marcan su territorio con orines)</sense_s>
<sense_d>Pending</sense_d>
</sense_egroup>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>(with <kn>tla-</kn>) to urinate by shooting ones urine a great distance (e.g., males yo hold their penises and urinate up in the air, causing the stream to go a great distance)</sense_e>
<sense_s>(con <kn>tla-</kn>) orinar echando la orina lejos (p. ej., un hombre que agarra su pene y orina hacia arriba, echando su orina lejos)</sense_s>
<sense_d>Pending</sense_d>
</sense_egroup>
<root>a:</root>
<root>xi:xa</root>
<root>mi:</root>
<nse>This verb may be used with a reflexive marker as a reciprocal to indicate events such as when young boys play and try to urinate on one another.</nse>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>04404</ref>
<lxam>a:chi:wiltepalkatl</lxam>
<lxam_c>a:chi:wiltepalkatl</lxam_c>
<lxoa>a:chi:wiltepalkatl</lxoa>
<lxoa_c>a:chi:wiltepalkatl</lxoa_c>
<dt>12/Feb/2006</dt>
<psm>N</psm>
<compound>N-N</compound>
<der>N-b</der>
<infn>Stem 2</infn>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>little bowl used to hold water that is mixed with something being ground or kneaded (particularly <klam>nextamahli</klam> being ground on a metate)</sense_e>
<sense_s>recipiente peque&#241;o que contiene agua que se mezcla con algo para suavizarlo mientras que se muela o se amase (particularmente nixtamal al molerlo sobre un metate)</sense_s>
<sense_d>Pending</sense_d>
</sense_egroup>
<fla>a:chi:wia</fla>
<root>a:</root>
<root>chi:wa</root>
<root>tepalka</root>
<nae>The question of vowel length here is problematical. In the four Oapan speech tokens (of Florencia Marcelino and Inocencio Jim&#233;nez) the duration of the initial /a:/, in the range of 60 to 80 ms, is not what one would expect from a long vowel (even though standard parameters for measurement have not yet been set). Yet the short vowels in <kamoa>tepalkatl</kamoa> seem to be singificantly reduced (e.g., 43 to 53 ms for /te/ and 47 to 73 ms for /pal/). It might be the case that the duration of long vowels in this case is reduced because of the overall length of the word. For now the orthographic representation of this word has been left at <kamoa>a:chi:wihli</kamoa>. A complete comparison of all tokens (in isolated, possessed and incorporated forms) will need to be carried out). Note, finally, that comparative data exists for Tetelcingo (cf. <kn>a:chi:wahli</kn> 'agua que se ocupa para moler') and Pipil (cf. <kn>a:chiwal</kn> 'bowl of water for making tortillas'; note that in Pipil the word <kn>chiwa</kn> al so h as a short /i/).</nae>
<qry_fon>Re /a:chi:wiltepalkatl/: note problem of vowel length, cf. question of reduction in duration of individual vowels as words get longer. Perhaps do a study on this.</qry_fon>
<ilus_note>Make illustratation</ilus_note>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>04407</ref>
<lxam>a:xi:xtekiwia</lxam>
<lxam_c>na:xi:xtekiwia</lxam_c>
<dt>12/Feb/2006</dt>
<lx_te>No</lx_te>
<psm>V1</psm>
<impers>tla-</impers>
<incorp>N-V2</incorp>
<der>V2-refl[ca]</der>
<trans>+Refl/-trans</trans>
<infv>class-2a</infv>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>(refl.) to make an effort to urinate</sense_e>
<sense_s>(refl.) hacer un esfuerzo para orinar</sense_s>
<sense_d>Pending</sense_d>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>Xma:xi:xtekiwi!</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>Make an effort to urinate (so that afterwards you do not want to)!</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>&#161;Haz un esfuerzo para orinar (para que despu&#233;s no te den ganas de orinar)!</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
</sense_egroup>
<root>a:</root>
<root>xi:xa</root>
<root>teki</root>
<qry>Determine whether only reflexive is used. Also, cf. use of /tekiwia/ in other contexts to indicate making an effort. Question Launey re: use of /-tekiwia/ to indicate making an effort to do sth. Check if there is a causative form.</qry>
<semrefgroup>
<semref>a:xi:xtekimaka</semref>
<semref_t>equivalent</semref_t>
<semref_d>Oa</semref_d>
</semrefgroup>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>04435</ref>
<lxam>chikola:tl</lxam>
<lxam_c>chikola:tl</lxam_c>
<lxoa>chikola:tl</lxoa>
<lxoa_c>chikola:tl</lxoa_c>
<dt>12/Feb/2006</dt>
<psm>N</psm>
<compound>N-N</compound>
<der>N-b</der>
<infn>Stem 2</infn>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>chocolate beverage</sense_e>
<sense_s>bebida de chocolate</sense_s>
<sense_d>Pending</sense_d>
</sense_egroup>
<semfld>food-drink</semfld>
<root>chikol</root>
<root>a:</root>
<nse><kamoa>Chicola:tl</kamoa> is a beverage made of ground chocolate beans, sugar, cinnamon and water; for the hard candy chocolate the back-borrowings <klam>chikola:teh</klam> (Am) and <kloa>chokola:teh</kloa>(Oa) are used. Note that in the purely Nahuatl form both Oapan and Ameyaltepec show the initial sequence <kn>chiko-</kn> whereas in the reborrowing Oapan switches to the Spanish <kn>choko-</kn>.</nse>
<qry_fon>Note length of final /a:/, which is definitely long. This should be compared to short /a/ in the same position (e.g., before /tl/). It might be taht /siwa:tl/ is in fact&quot;short&quot;and appears long only in compounds. This would be a nice discovery of phonetic variation.</qry_fon>
<vl>Link first male token.</vl>
<root_notes>For a discussion of this word, see Dakin's article (check citation).</root_notes>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>04447</ref>
<lxam>a:xi:xaleh</lxam>
<lxam_c>a:xi:xaleh</lxam_c>
<dt>11/Feb/2006</dt>
<psm>Adj</psm>
<compound>N-N</compound>
<der>N-posr-eh</der>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>to be a person who urinates a lot</sense_e>
<sense_s>ser un me&#243;n; ser alguien que orina mucho</sense_s>
<sense_d>Am</sense_d>
</sense_egroup>
<root>a:</root>
<root>xi:xa</root>
<nae>With an overtly marked subject, there is usually no realization of the /i/, e.g., <kam>na:xi:xaleh</kam></nae>
<root>a:</root>
<root>xi:xa</root>
<semrefgroup>
<semref>a:xi:xpal</semref>
<semref_t>synonym</semref_t>
<semref_d>Am</semref_d>
</semrefgroup>
<semrefgroup>
<semref>a:xi:xtewe:i</semref>
<semref_t>synonym</semref_t>
<semref_d>Oa</semref_d>
</semrefgroup>
<semrefgroup>
<semref>a:xi:xte:roh</semref>
<semref_t>synonym</semref_t>
<semref_d>Oa</semref_d>
</semrefgroup>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>04471</ref>
<lxam>a:xi:xaltia</lxam>
<lxam_c>ka:xi:xaltia</lxam_c>
<lxoa>a:xi:xaltia</lxoa>
<lxoa_c>ka:xi:xaltia</lxoa_c>
<dt>09/Feb/2006</dt>
<lx_te>No</lx_te>
<psm>V2</psm>
<incorp>N-V3</incorp>
<der>V2-d-ca</der>
<trans>from reflective</trans>
<infv>class-2a</infv>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>to cause (sb) to urinate (e.g., a type of diuretic food or drug)</sense_e>
<sense_s>hacer orinar (a algn, una comida o droga con efectos diur&#233;ticos [S])</sense_s>
<sense_d>Pending</sense_d>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>Mitsa:xi:xalti:s.</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>It will make your urinate.</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>Te va a hacer orinar.</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
</sense_egroup>
<root>a:</root>
<root>xi:xa</root>
<xrefgroup>
<xref>a:xi:xa</xref>
<xref_t>verb_base</xref_t>
<xref_d>Am, Oa</xref_d>
</xrefgroup>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>04487</ref>
<lxam>ia:xi:x si:tlalin</lxam>
<lxam_c>ia:xi:x si:tlalin</lxam_c>
<dt>22/Oct/2005</dt>
<psm>N</psm>
<der>N-complex</der>
<infn>Stem 4</infn>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>small shooting star</sense_e>
<sense_s>peque&#241;a estrella fugaz</sense_s>
<sense_d>Pending</sense_d>
</sense_egroup>
<semfld>heavens</semfld>
<root>a:</root>
<root>xi:xa</root>
<root>si:tlal</root>
<semrefgroup>
<semref>kabaye:roh</semref>
<semref_t>confer</semref_t>
<semref_d>Am, Oa</semref_d>
</semrefgroup>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>04517</ref>
<lxam>a:ki:xtia</lxam>
<lxam_c>ka:ki:xtia</lxam_c>
<lxoa>a:ki:xtia</lxoa>
<lxoa_c>ka:ki:xtia</lxoa_c>
<dt>12/Feb/2006</dt>
<lx_te>No</lx_te>
<psm>V2</psm>
<incorp>N-V2</incorp>
<der>V2-d-ca</der>
<infv>class-2a</infv>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>to quickly put into water and take out (e.g., clothes to wash, without soap); to rinse or pour water over (e.g., to get the soap out of clothes that are being washed)</sense_e>
<sense_s>meter r&#225;pidamente en agua y sacarla; enjuagar (e.g., la ropa al lavarla para quitarle el jab&#243;n)</sense_s>
<sense_d>Pending</sense_d>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>Xka:ki:xti motlake:n!</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>Pour water over your clothes (e.g., while washing, in order to get the soap out)!</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>&#161;Vierte agua sobre tu ropa (p. ej., al lavarla, para quitarle el jab&#243;n)!</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>Nika:ki:xti:s notlake:n pa:mpa weyak, ma tso:liwi.</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>I'm dunk my clothes (in this case a shirt) quickly in water because they are long and I want it to shrink.</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>Voy a meter mi ropa (en este caso una camisa) r&#225;pidamente en el agua porque es larga y quiero que se encoja.</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>Xne:xchia, ma nika:ki:xti notlake:n!</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>Wait for me, let me rinse out my clothes!</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>&#161;Esp&#233;rame, d&#233;jame enjuagar mi ropa!</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
</sense_egroup>
<root>a:</root>
<root>ki:sa</root>
<nse><kam>A:ki:xtia</kam> signifies to wash clothes rapidly just with water, not with soap, or to rinse the soap out of ones clothes by pouring water over them. This verb also refers to the action of putting something, such as clothing, in water and then taking it out (in the case of clothes to hang up to dry).</nse>
<grm>Noun incorporation (semantics): Re: /a:ki:xtia/: Note that in this case the /a:/ seems to refer to the location at which the action takes place. That is, one is not&quot;removing water&quot;but rather&quot;(putting in rapidly and) removing from water.&quot;The synthetic expression of /ka:ki:xtia/ would therefore be /kiki:xtia de itik a:tl/ or some such equivalent.</grm>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>04539</ref>
<lxam>a:ketspalin</lxam>
<lxam_c>a:ketspalin</lxam_c>
<lxoa>a:ketspalin</lxoa>
<lxoa_alt>a:'itspalin</lxoa_alt>
<lxoa_c>a:ketspalin</lxoa_c>
<dt>12/Feb/2006</dt>
<psm>N</psm>
<compound>N-N</compound>
<der>N-b-in</der>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>alligator (species not identified)</sense_e>
<sense_s>lagarto</sense_s>
<sense_d>Pending</sense_d>
</sense_egroup>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>(<koa>yo:yah</koa> ~) there is no more water left in the water jug</sense_e>
<sense_s>(<koa>yo:yah</koa> ~) ya no hay agua en el c&#225;ntaro</sense_s>
<sense_d>Oa</sense_d>
</sense_egroup>
<semfld>animal</semfld>
<semfld>marine</semfld>
<root>a:</root>
<root>ketspal</root>
<nae>The etymology of <kamoa>a:ketspalin</kamoa> seems clearly {a + ketspal + in} and it seems clearly to contain the root element <kroot>a:</kroot>'water.' However, the acoustic duration of this root in word-initial position is at times quite reduced. One token of Florencia Marcelino measured 69 ms, well within the range of short vowels. Another token of Inocencio Jim&#233;nez, however, measured about 90 ms. The phonetics of word initial vowels (with no initial consonant) and of final vowels in closed syllables needs to be explored. There might be some neutralization process occurring.</nae>
<qry_fon>Vowel length: word initial and final vowels: The etymology of <kamoa>a:ketspalin</kamoa> seems clearly {a + ketspal + in} and it seems clearly to contain the root element <kroot>a:</kroot>'water.' However, the acoustic duration of this root in word-initial position is at times quite reduced. One token of Florencia Marcelino measured 69 ms, well within the range of short vowels. Another token of Inocencio Jim&#233;nez, however, measured about 90 ms. The phonetics of word initial vowels (with no initial consonant) and of final vowels in closed syllables needs to be explored. There might be some neutralization process occurring.</qry_fon>
<mod>Determine a way to include phrases in the dictionary, perhaps as sub/lexical entries.</mod>
<vl>Link 1st female and 2nd male tokens.</vl>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>04662</ref>
<lxam>a:po:ktli</lxam>
<lxam_c>a:po:ktli</lxam_c>
<lxoa>a:po:htli</lxoa>
<lxoa_c>a:po:htli</lxoa_c>
<dt>22/Oct/2005</dt>
<psm>N</psm>
<compound>N-N</compound>
<der>N-b</der>
<infn>Stem 1(k)</infn>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>driving rain and mist (particularly in reference to the smokelike mist of rainwater that precedes a tempest)</sense_e>
<sense_s>aguaviento (particularlmente en referencia a la brizna de lluvia que precede una tempestad)</sense_s>
<sense_d>Pending</sense_d>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>Wa:hlaw chika:wak a:tl, a:sta ika a:po:ktli.</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>A strong storm is coming, it's so bad it's bringing along a driving rain and mist.</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>Se viene una lluvia fuerte, hasta trae consigo un aguaviento.</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>Asta ika a:po:ktli wa:hlaw kiawtli</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>The rain is coming along with a driving rain and mist.</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>La lluvia viene hasta trayendo consigo un aguaviento.</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
</sense_egroup>
<root>a:</root>
<root>po:ka</root>
<mod>Here as elsewhere, check /astah/ and correct as necessary (i.e., in regard to vowel length or final /h/).</mod>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>04703</ref>
<lxam>a:melaktli</lxam>
<lxam_c>a:melaktli</lxam_c>
<dt>12/Feb/2006</dt>
<psm>N</psm>
<compound>N-N</compound>
<der>N-dvb-wi-k</der>
<infn>Stem 1(:)</infn>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>straight part of a stream or river</sense_e>
<sense_s>parte recta de un arroyo o r&#237;o</sense_s>
<sense_d>Am</sense_d>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>A:melaktli, xok wekatlan.</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>It is straight running water, it's no longer deep.</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>Es donde el agua corre recto, ya no est&#225;profundo.</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
</sense_egroup>
<root>a:</root>
<root>mela:</root>
<nse><kam>A:melaktli</kam> refers to a part of a river or stream where the water runs straight and there is no deep place where water circles around (<klam>a:komohli</klam>) nor a place where there are rapids (<klam>a:solo:nka:n</klam>).</nse>
<qry>In Oapan I think the word for rapids in /a:sosolka:h/, check to see if this same word is used in Ameyaltepec.</qry>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>04756</ref>
<lxam>a:yo:tilia</lxam>
<lxam_c>ka:yo:tilia</lxam_c>
<lxoa>a:yo:tilia</lxoa>
<lxoa_c>ka:yo:tilia</lxoa_c>
<dt>12/Feb/2006</dt>
<lx_te>No</lx_te>
<psm>V3</psm>
<der>V3-d-ap</der>
<infv>class-2a</infv>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>to add water to (broths, beans, other substances that have some water but need more) for (sb)</sense_e>
<sense_s>agregarle agua a (caldo, frijoles, substancias que tienen algo de agua pero que les hace falta m&#225;s) para (algn)</sense_s>
<sense_d>Pending</sense_d>
</sense_egroup>
<root>a:</root>
<qry>Cf. query in /a:yo:tia/. Make sure to check whether /a:yo:tia/ and /a:yo:tilia/ are equivalent in meaning re: adding water to a food. Perhaps this is an indication of influence from Spanish 'leismo.'</qry>
<xrefgroup>
<xref>a:yo:tia</xref>
<xref_t>verb_base</xref_t>
<xref_d>Am, Oa</xref_d>
</xrefgroup>
<xrefgroup>
<xref>tla:yo:tilia</xref>
<xref_t>val_reduce2</xref_t>
<xref_d>Am</xref_d>
</xrefgroup>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>04773</ref>
<lxam>a:pi:tsaltia</lxam>
<lxam_c>ka:pi:tsaltia</lxam_c>
<lxoa>a:pi:tsaltia</lxoa>
<lxoa_c>ka:pi:tsaltia</lxoa_c>
<dt>09/Feb/2006</dt>
<lx_te>No</lx_te>
<psm>V2</psm>
<incorp>N-V2</incorp>
<der>V2-d-ca</der>
<trans>from reflective</trans>
<infv>class-2a</infv>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>to give diarrhea to; to cause diarrhea in (sb)</sense_e>
<sense_s>causar o dar diarrea a</sense_s>
<sense_d>Pending</sense_d>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>Ne:cha:pi:tsaltia tli:n onkwah.</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>What I ate gives me diarrhea.</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>Lo que com&#237;me da diarrea.</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
</sense_egroup>
<root>a:</root>
<root>pi:tsa</root>
<vl>Link 2nd female token and 2nd male token.</vl>
<grm>Note that this is a monotransitive causative from a reflexive base. Cf. notes with /a:pi:tsa/.</grm>
<xrefgroup>
<xref>a:pi:tsa</xref>
<xref_t>verb_base</xref_t>
<xref_d>Am, Oa</xref_d>
</xrefgroup>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>04782</ref>
<lxam_notes>yzzz</lxam_notes>
<lxoa>michia:po:te:tl</lxoa>
<lxoa_c>michia:po:te:tl</lxoa_c>
<dt>12/Feb/2006</dt>
<psm>N</psm>
<der>N-b</der>
<infn>Stem 2</infn>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>type of small fish with a big belly, apparently called <spn>charalito</spn> in Spanish</sense_e>
<sense_s>tipo de pez peque&#241;o con una barriga grande, aparentemente llamado 'charalito'</sense_s>
<sense_d>Oa</sense_d>
</sense_egroup>
<semfld>animal</semfld>
<semfld>marine</semfld>
<root>mich</root>
<root>a:</root>
<root>po:te:</root>
<notes_nature>The etymology of <kam>po:te:tl</kam> is uncertain; perhaps it is related to the big belly of this fish. Mat&#237;as A. and Constantino L. (1996:73) identify this fish as the <spn>charalito</spn>. Under <spn>charal</spn>, Schoenhals (1988:263)&quot;1. (Fam. Atherinidae) 'sand smetl', 'silversides'. See pescado blanco. 2. (Chirostoma bartoni) 'Patzcuaro white fish' Smaller than the <spn>pescado blanco</spn>, being only about 2&quot;long. After being cured in the sun, they are commercially sold.&quot;</notes_nature>
<qry>Cf. vowel length of first vowel in /po:te:tl/ and /poti:xah/.</qry>
<grm>Phonology: Note retention of /i/ in /michia:po:tetl/.</grm>
<semrefgroup>
<semref>po:te:tl</semref>
<semref_t>equivalent</semref_t>
<semref_d>Am</semref_d>
</semrefgroup>
<semrefgroup>
<semref>a:po:tetl</semref>
<semref_t>equivalent</semref_t>
<semref_d>Oa</semref_d>
</semrefgroup>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>04801</ref>
<lxam>a:yo:wa:tsa</lxam>
<lxam_c>na:yo:wa:tsa</lxam_c>
<dt>09/Feb/2006</dt>
<lx_te>No</lx_te>
<psm>V2</psm>
<incorp>N-V2</incorp>
<der>V2-alt-ki/tsa</der>
<trans>+Refl/-trans; ~Intrans</trans>
<infv>class-3a(ts)</infv>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>(refl.) to lose ones bodily fluids</sense_e>
<sense_s>(refl.) perder los l&#237;quidos corporales</sense_s>
<sense_d>Pending</sense_d>
</sense_egroup>
<root>a:</root>
<root>wa:</root>
<qry>Check intransitive possibility /a:yo:wa:ki/. Determine that /a:yo:wa:tsa/ can only be used reflexively with human subjects. Check other uses of /a:yo:wa:tsa/.</qry>
<mod>Add /kuhmi:tl/ to dictionary.</mod>
<grm>a:yo:wa:tsa Note the incorporation of a derived noun with /-yo:tl/. Check to determine whether /a:yo:tl/ exists in nonpossessed form.</grm>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>04873</ref>
<lxam>a:sese:ya</lxam>
<lxam_c>a:sese:ya</lxam_c>
<lxoa>a:sese:ya</lxoa>
<lxoa_c>a:sese:ya</lxoa_c>
<dt>12/Feb/2006</dt>
<lx_te>No</lx_te>
<psm>V1</psm>
<impers>tla-</impers>
<incorp>N-V</incorp>
<der>V1-para-ki/ya/lia</der>
<trans>~Adj; ~Trans</trans>
<lexical>Lex. rdp-s*</lexical>
<infv>class-4b(ya-x)</infv>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>to become or get cold because of water</sense_e>
<sense_s>enfriarse por causa del agua</sense_s>
<sense_d>Pending</sense_d>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>O:ka:mi:miktih nomi:l a:tl. Ke:n o:a:sese:yak.</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>My cornfield got root rot from (an abundance of) water. It really got cold from the water.</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>La ra&#237;z de mi milpa se pudri&#243;(por demasiada agua). Se enfri&#243;mucho por el agua.</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
</sense_egroup>
<root>a:</root>
<root>se</root>
<qry_fon>Check the duration of all vowels. The first /e/ seems longer than might be expected from a short vowel, but it still seems to indicate a short, not long, vowel. This is perhaps particularly true given that the usual pattern for reduplicated sequences of L-L vowels would be for the first vowel to have a considerably longer duration than the second. Nevertheless, recheck.</qry_fon>
<vl>Link 2nd male token.</vl>
<grm>Noun incorporation: Note that in this case we have an inchoative verb /sese:ya/ preceding by a nominal stem that indicates the cause of the change. That is, the change of state indicated by /sese:ya/ is not without a cause/agent, and it is this cause/agent that is incorporated. It is perhaps for this reason that there is no adjectival nor transitive form of this verb: ?/a:sese:yak/, and ?/a:sese:lia/. Check.</grm>
<semrefgroup>
<semref>sese:ya</semref>
<semref_t>confer</semref_t>
<semref_d>Am, Oa</semref_d>
</semrefgroup>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>04910</ref>
<lxam>a:tete:mowa</lxam>
<lxam_c>ka:tete:mowa</lxam_c>
<dt>09/Feb/2006</dt>
<lx_te>No</lx_te>
<psm>V2</psm>
<incorp>N-V2</incorp>
<der>V2-b</der>
<lexical>Lex. rdp-s</lexical>
<infv>class-2b</infv>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>to divine about (sth), using copal and maize thrown in a bowl of water</sense_e>
<sense_s>adivinar o echar suerte acerca de (algo), echando ma&#237;z y copal en un recipiente con agua</sense_s>
<sense_d>Am</sense_d>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>Xka:tete:mo. Ab&#233;:r deke none:xtia a:kin o:kontila:n ka:n iye:wtoya.</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>Look for it (or hire sb to look for it) through divination with water. Let's see if the person who reached out and took it from where it was stored shows up.</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>B&#250;scalo (o contrata a algn para buscarlo) echando suertes de ma&#237;z y copal en un recipiente con agua. A ver si aparece la persona quien lo fue a quitar de donde estaba guardado.</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
</sense_egroup>
<root>a:</root>
<root>te:mo</root>
<xrefgroup>
<xref>a:tete:mowilia</xref>
<xref_t>val_add_applic</xref_t>
<xref_d>Am</xref_d>
</xrefgroup>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>04912</ref>
<lxam>a:xi:nia</lxam>
<lxam_c>ka:xi:nia</lxam_c>
<lxoa>a:xi:nia</lxoa>
<lxoa_c>ka:xi:nia</lxoa_c>
<dt>09/Feb/2006</dt>
<lx_te>No</lx_te>
<psm>V2</psm>
<incorp>N-V2</incorp>
<der>V2-alt-ni(a)</der>
<trans>~Intrans</trans>
<infv>class-2a</infv>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>to scatter or throw into water (e.g., seeds or small balls of copal into a <spn>j&#237;cara</spn> of water in order to divine)</sense_e>
<sense_s>echar o esparcir en el agua (p. ej., semillas o bolitas de copal a una j&#237;cara para adivinar suertes)</sense_s>
<sense_d>Pending</sense_d>
</sense_egroup>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>to throw into the water (e.g., <spn>olotes</spn> that are being tossed away into the river)</sense_e>
<sense_s>echar al agua (p. ej., olotes que se est&#225;n tirando en el r&#237;o de desecho)</sense_s>
<sense_d>Oa</sense_d>
</sense_egroup>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>(refl.) to go into or throw oneself into the water, whether to bathe or swim</sense_e>
<sense_s>(refl.) meterse en el agua, o para nada o para ba&#241;arse</sense_s>
<sense_d>Pending</sense_d>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>O:pe:w tima:xi:nian.</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>We started to throw ourselves into the water.</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>Empezamos a echarnos al agua.</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
</sense_egroup>
<root>a:</root>
<root>xi:</root>
<qry>Recheck meaning and other possible uses. Check for absence of intransitive.</qry>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>04951</ref>
<lxam>a:sia:wa</lxam>
<lxam_c>ka:sia:wa</lxam_c>
<lxoa>a:sia:wa</lxoa>
<lxoa_c>ka:sia:wa</lxoa_c>
<dt>24/Feb/2006</dt>
<lx_te>No</lx_te>
<psm>V2</psm>
<incorp>N-V2</incorp>
<der>V2-alt-wi</der>
<infv>class-3a(w)</infv>
<gloss_e>to.soak</gloss_e>
<gloss_s>remojar</gloss_s>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>to let soak in water without soap (palm, clothes, etc.)</sense_e>
<sense_s>remojar en agua sin jab&#243;n (palma, ropa, etc.)</sense_s>
<sense_d>Pending</sense_d>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>San o:tika:sia:wte:w. Xo:tikchipa:wte:w. Tikchipa:wteko.</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>You just left it (e.g., clothes) soaking before you headed out. You didn't wash them. You'll wash them upon returning.</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>La dejaste remojando (en este caso ropa) antes de salir. No la la lavaste antes de salir. La vas a lavarla regresando.</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>Xka:sia:wa, newa nikpa:kas.</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>Put it in water to soak (e.g., clothes), I will wash them.</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>Ponlo a remojar en agua (p. ej., ropa), lo voy a lavar yo.</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>O:nika:sia:w tio:tlak, kwalka:n san nihki:xti:s.</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>I left it (in this case mud to make clay) to soak in the afternoon, in the morning I'll just take it out.</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>Lo dej&#233;(en este caso lodo para hacer cer&#225;mica) remojando en la tarde, ma&#241;ana temprano lo voy a sacar.</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>Xka:sia:wa un tla:hli para tihki:xti:skeh xa:ntli.</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>Soak that earth (e.g., by pouring water on it) so that we can make adobe.</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>Remoja esa tierra (al verterle mucha agua) para que podamos hacer adobe.</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>Xikpa:tso! Xka:sia:wa!</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>Get it wet! Soak it (e.g., clothes)!</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>&#161;M&#243;jalo!&#161;D&#233;jalo remojar (p. ej., ropa para lavar)!</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
</sense_egroup>
<root>a:</root>
<root>sia:</root>
<vl>Link 1st female token;</vl>
<root_notes>Distinguish two roots in /sia:/: from /sia:wi/ 'to become tired' and from /sia:wa/ 'to soak'.</root_notes>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>04980</ref>
<lxam>a:te:nko cha:neh</lxam>
<lxam_c>a:te:nko cha:neh</lxam_c>
<dt>22/Oct/2005</dt>
<psm>N</psm>
<der>N-complex</der>
<infn>N1</infn>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>river-dweller</sense_e>
<sense_s>persona que vive por la orilla de un r&#237;o</sense_s>
<sense_d>Am</sense_d>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>A:te:nko cha:nekeh.</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>They dwell at the river's edge.</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>Viven a la orilla del r&#237;o.</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
</sense_egroup>
<root>a:</root>
<root>te:n</root>
<root>cha:n</root>
<semrefgroup>
<semref>a:te:ncha:neh</semref>
<semref_t>equivalent</semref_t>
<semref_d>Am</semref_d>
</semrefgroup>
<semrefgroup>
<semref>cha:neh</semref>
<semref_t>confer</semref_t>
<semref_d>Am, Oa</semref_d>
</semrefgroup>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>05003</ref>
<lxam>a:poposoktli</lxam>
<lxam_c>a:poposoktli</lxam_c>
<lxoa>a:poposohtli</lxoa>
<lxoa_c>a:poposohtli</lxoa_c>
<dt>12/Feb/2006</dt>
<psm>N</psm>
<compound>N-N</compound>
<der>N-dvb-ni-k</der>
<infn>Stem 1(:)</infn>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>foam from water, or any other liquid (from white water and rapids)</sense_e>
<sense_s>espuma de agua o de cualquier otro l&#237;quido (de los r&#225;pidos en un r&#237;o o las olas turbulentas del mar)</sense_s>
<sense_d>Pending</sense_d>
</sense_egroup>
<root>a:</root>
<root>poso:</root>
<mod>Originally I had this as possesionable, and as possibly referring to the head on a beer /Kipia i:a:poposokio/; but C. Flores stated that one would instead simply say /kipia i:poposokio/ and that /a:poposoktli/ is only found unpossessed.</mod>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>05023</ref>
<lxam>a:toto:ni:hli</lxam>
<lxam_c>a:toto:ni:hli</lxam_c>
<lxoa>a:to:ni:hli</lxoa>
<lxoa_c>a:to:ni:hli</lxoa_c>
<dt>12/Feb/2006</dt>
<psm>N</psm>
<compound>N-N</compound>
<der>N-dvb-pas</der>
<lexical>Lex. rdp-s* (Am)</lexical>
<infn>Stem 3</infn>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>hot water</sense_e>
<sense_s>agua caliente</sense_s>
<sense_d>Pending</sense_d>
</sense_egroup>
<root>a:</root>
<root>to:na</root>
<nae>As is often the case in the variation between Ameyaltepec and Oapan Nahuatl with the root <kroot>to:n</kroot>, the Ameyaltepec form has invariable reduplication of the root whereas the Oapan form does not. The reason for this is not clear.</nae>
<qry_fon>The spectrogram of this word seems to provide a good illustration of words with 3 consecutive long vowels.</qry_fon>
<grm>Reduplication: As is often the case in the variation between Ameyaltepec and Oapan Nahuatl with the root <kroot>to:n</kroot>, the Ameyaltepec form has invariable reduplication of the root whereas the Oapan form does not. The reason for this is not clear.</grm>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>05024</ref>
<lxam>a:pi:tsalistli</lxam>
<lxam_c>a:pi:tsalistli</lxam_c>
<dt>22/Oct/2005</dt>
<psm>N</psm>
<compound>N-N</compound>
<der>N-dvb-lis</der>
<infn>Stem 1(s)</infn>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>diarrea; the runs</sense_e>
<sense_s>diarrea; chorro</sense_s>
<sense_d>Am</sense_d>
</sense_egroup>
<root>a:</root>
<root>pi:tsa</root>
<semrefgroup>
<semref>tlano:ki:hli</semref>
<semref_t>synonym</semref_t>
<semref_d>Oa</semref_d>
</semrefgroup>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>05065</ref>
<lxam>a:pitso</lxam>
<lxam_c>a:pitso</lxam_c>
<lxoa>a:pitso</lxoa>
<lxoa_c>a:pitso</lxoa_c>
<dt>12/Feb/2006</dt>
<psm>N</psm>
<compound>N-N</compound>
<der>N-b</der>
<infn>N1</infn>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>apparently carp, a type of fish</sense_e>
<sense_s>aparentemente carpa, un tipo de pez</sense_s>
<sense_d>Pending</sense_d>
</sense_egroup>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>type of water animal that lives along with <klam>a:lamatsi:n</klam> and other such creatures</sense_e>
<sense_s>tipo de animal que vive en el agua con <klam>a:lamatsi:n</klam> y otras tales criaturas</sense_s>
<sense_d>Pending</sense_d>
</sense_egroup>
<semfld>animal</semfld>
<semfld>marine</semfld>
<semrefgroup>
<semref>tepatlachmichin</semref>
<semref_t>natural</semref_t>
<semref_d>Oa</semref_d>
</semrefgroup>
<root>a:</root>
<root>pitso</root>
<nse>Luis Lucena was not sure what kind of fish this is. He stated that he has heard this word, but never seen the fish to which is supposedly refers. He added that it might be the same as <kam>a:burrah</kam> another type of fish of which he has heard the name but never seen. In 2005, when I asked Cristino Flores (Am) if he knew the type of fish that in Oapan is called <kboa>tepatlachmichin</kboa> he mentioned that this is the fish known in Ameyaltepec as <kam>a:pitso</kam>. He added that it was called this name because it grunts like a pig. Finally, although I have documented <koa>a:pitso</koa> in Oapan, the name for carp is <koa>tepatlachmichin</koa> and thus it would appear that <koa>a:pitso</koa> is a name reserved for the &quot;mythical&quot; animal that lives with <koa>a:lamatsi:n</koa>.</nse>
<qry_fon>Note the variation in the duration of the initial vowel. IN the first token of Florencia Marcelino the length is quite short (at most 86 ms measuring from the extremes), in others it is long.</qry_fon>
<semrefgroup>
<semref>a:burrah</semref>
<semref_t>equivalent</semref_t>
<semref_d>Am</semref_d>
</semrefgroup>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>05135</ref>
<lxam>a:ko:lo:tl</lxam>
<lxam_c>a:ko:lo:tl</lxam_c>
<lxoa>a:ko:lo:tl</lxoa>
<lxoa_c>a:ko:lo:tl</lxoa_c>
<dt>11/Feb/2006</dt>
<psm>N</psm>
<compound>N-N</compound>
<der>N-b</der>
<infn>Stem 2</infn>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>type of crayfish that is said to sting, still not definitively identified</sense_e>
<sense_s>tipo de cangrejo del r&#237;o que dicen pica, todav&#237;a no identificado definitivamente</sense_s>
<sense_d>Pending</sense_d>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>A:ko:lo:tl | Ke:n ko:lo:tl, pero itik a:tl cha:neh. Chika:wak te:kwa pero xmotech ki:sas.</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e><kam>A:ko:lo:tl</kam> : It is like a scorpion but it lives in the water. It stings very much but it will not make you ill.</phrase_e>
<phrase_s><kam>A:ko:lo:tl</kam> : Es como un alacr&#225;n pero vive en el agua. Pica fuerte pero no se te va a trabar.</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
</sense_egroup>
<semfld>animal</semfld>
<semfld>marine</semfld>
<root>a:</root>
<root>ko:lo:</root>
<nse>The <kam>a:ko:lo:tl</kam> is not considered a type of <klam>michin</klam> , at least by several Ameyaltepec consultants.</nse>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>05137</ref>
<lxam>a:lpi:chia</lxam>
<lxam_c>ka:lpi:chia</lxam_c>
<lxoa>a:lpi:chia</lxoa>
<lxoa_c>ka:lpi:chia</lxoa_c>
<dt>12/Feb/2006</dt>
<lx_te>No</lx_te>
<psm>V2</psm>
<incorp>N-V2</incorp>
<der>V2-b</der>
<infv>class-2a</infv>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>to spray with a liquid (water, insecticide, etc.)</sense_e>
<sense_s>rociar con alg&#250;n l&#237;quido (agua, insecticida, etc.)</sense_s>
<sense_d>Pending</sense_d>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>Tika:lpichi:s un tepa:ntli, kipia kalxomilin.</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>You will spray that wall (with insecticide), it has bugs.</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>Vas a roc&#237;ar aquella pared (con insecticida), tiene chinches.</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>Newa nitla:lpichi:s.</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>I'll do the spraying (e.g., of insecticide for bugs inside a house, on a bed, etc.).</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>Soy yo quien va a rociar (p. ej., con insecticida para chinches dentro de una casa, sobre una cama, etc.).</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>Nitla:lpi:chi:s para ma mikika:n tekpimeh.</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>I will spray (insecticide) so that the fleas die.</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>Voy a rociar (insecticida con una bomba) para que se mueran las pulgas.</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
</sense_egroup>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>to force out liquid (particularly water) from ones mouth in a fine spray onto (e.g., onto a sick person during a curing ceremony, or onto sth to moisten it)</sense_e>
<sense_s>expulsar un l&#237;quido (particularmente agua) sobre con fuerza de la boca en un spray fino (p. ej., sobre un enfermo por un curandero durante una ceremonia para curar, o para humedecer alg&#250;n objeto)</sense_s>
<sense_d>Pending</sense_d>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>Xka:lpi:chi un so:ya:tl para ma a:yema:nia.</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>Spray water (forcing it out from your mouth) on that palm so that it softens up (and can be easily used to tie).</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>Roc&#237;ale agua (expuls&#225;ndola de la boca) a esa palma para que se suavice (y se pueda utilizar para atar).</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>Ka:lpi:chi:s un kokoxki.</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>He (a <spn>curandero</spn>) will spray water (from his mouth) onto that sick person.</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>Le va a rociar agua a ese enfermo (un curandero, expuls&#225;ndola fuertemente de su boca).</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
</sense_egroup>
<root>a:</root>
<root>pi:ch</root>
<qry>/a:lpi:chia/ appears in several examples with a long /i:/, as expected, but also with a short /i/. The vowel length should be checked.</qry>
<vl>Link 1st female token.</vl>
<root_notes>There might be a relation between <kroot>pi:ch</kroot>of <kam>a:lpi:chia</kam> and <kroot>pi:ts</kroot>of <klam>pi:tsa</klam>.</root_notes>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>05207</ref>
<lxam>a:tsakwa</lxam>
<lxam_c>na:tsakwa</lxam_c>
<lxoa>a:tsakwa</lxoa>
<lxoa_c>na:tsakwa</lxoa_c>
<dt>12/Feb/2006</dt>
<lx_te>No</lx_te>
<psm>V1</psm>
<impers>tla-</impers>
<incorp>N-V2</incorp>
<der>V2-b</der>
<trans>+Refl/-trans</trans>
<infv>class-3a(kw)</infv>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>(refl.) to be kept inside by the rain</sense_e>
<sense_s>(refl.) tener que quedarse adentro a causa de la lluvia</sense_s>
<sense_d>Pending</sense_d>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>O:na:tsakw, xkineki pa:tsiwis.</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>He was kept inside by the rain, he didn't want to get wet.</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>Tuvo que quedarse adentro a causa de la lluvia, no se quiso mojar.</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
</sense_egroup>
<root>a:</root>
<root>tsakwa</root>
<qry>Check for transitive or for the possibility of utilizing this form with a specific nonreflexive patient.</qry>
<grm>Noun incorporation: Note that the adverbial use of /a:/ incorporated here is as a cause. It wasn't water that did it, but which was the cause. This seems to be in keeping the with adverbial nature of incorporated nouns. Also discuss this under the applicative.</grm>
<grm>Oapan: perfective; note that final /kw/ goes to /k/: o:na:tsak/. However, note that with /nekwtli/ the ending is /w/: /i:new/ or /i:newyo/ of the /abeji:tos/. The perfective of /a:tlakwi/ is /o:a:tlak/.</grm>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>05237</ref>
<lxam>tla:la:yo</lxam>
<lxam_c>i:tla:la:yo</lxam_c>
<lxoa>tla:la:yo</lxoa>
<lxoa_c>i:tla:la:yo</lxoa_c>
<dt>12/Feb/2006</dt>
<psm>N</psm>
<der>N-poss-yo</der>
<infn>N2</infn>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>water and dirt that runs off ones body in bathing</sense_e>
<sense_s>tierra, mugre y agua que se le escurre a uno [poseedor] al ba&#241;arse</sense_s>
<sense_d>Pending</sense_d>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>Tikoni:s itla:la:yo.</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>You will drink his dirty bathwater (often said in reference to a particularly old man of the village as the penalty for not guessing the answer to a riddle).</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>Vas a tomar la tierra y agua que se le escurre al ba&#241;arse (a menudo dicho en referencia a un hombre anciano del pueblo a algn como castigo por no hallar la respuesta a una adivinanza).</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
</sense_egroup>
<root>tla:l</root>
<root>a:</root>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>05252</ref>
<lxam>a:xi:xtli</lxam>
<lxam_c>a:xi:xtli</lxam_c>
<lxoa>a:xi:xtli</lxoa>
<lxoa_c>a:xi:xtli</lxoa_c>
<dt>22/Oct/2005</dt>
<psm>N</psm>
<compound>N-N</compound>
<der>N-dvb-perf</der>
<infn>Stem 1(x)</infn>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>urine</sense_e>
<sense_s>orina</sense_s>
<sense_d>Pending</sense_d>
</sense_egroup>
<semfld>functions</semfld>
<ncol>i:a:xi:x burroh</ncol>
<ncol>i:a:xi:x si:tlalin</ncol>
<ncol>i:a:xi:x tenextli</ncol>
<ncol>tenextli i:a:xi:x</ncol>
<root>a:</root>
<root>xi:xa</root>
<qry_fon>The initial vowel of these four tokens serves as a good illustration of the duration of initial long vowels.</qry_fon>
<vl>Link 2nd female token.</vl>
<semrefgroup>
<semref>tlapia:stli</semref>
<semref_t>synonym</semref_t>
<semref_d>Oa</semref_d>
</semrefgroup>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>05266</ref>
<lxam>a:kwa</lxam>
<lxam_c>a:kwa</lxam_c>
<lxoa>a:kwa</lxoa>
<lxoa_c>a:kwa</lxoa_c>
<dt>12/Feb/2006</dt>
<lx_te>No</lx_te>
<psm>V1</psm>
<impers>tla-</impers>
<incorp>N-V2</incorp>
<der>V1-b</der>
<infv>class-1</infv>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>to absorb and transmit water (or other liquids); to let water filter out (e.g., through the walls of a container, particularly ceramics like clay canteens)</sense_e>
<sense_s>absorber y transminar o dejar filtrar agua u otro l&#237;quido (p. ej., a trav&#233;s de las paredes de un recipiente, particularmente las de cer&#225;mica como c&#225;ntaros)</sense_s>
<sense_d>Pending</sense_d>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>A:kwa pa:mpa ye:nkwik, xe a:chika:wi.</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>Water seeps out through it because it's new, it hasn't become hardened by water yet.</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>El agua se transmina (se filtra) a trav&#233;s de ello porque es nuevo, todav&#237;a no se ha macizado con el agua.</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
</sense_egroup>
<root>a:</root>
<root>kwa</root>
<nse>This is particularly said of things made of clay, such as an <klamoa>a:ko:ntli</klamoa>that slowlys leak because the pourous surface hasn't become hardened yet, a process that may take a couple of weeks. Often a ceramic piece is sumerged in water so that it hardens and thus leaks less; or the clay recepticle may be coated on the inside with a thin layer of cement for the same effect.</nse>
<qry_fon>This word should give a good example of long initial /a:/.</qry_fon>
<semrefgroup>
<semref>chichi:na</semref>
<semref_t>confer</semref_t>
<semref_d>Am, Oa</semref_d>
</semrefgroup>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>05306</ref>
<lxam>a:ko:koh</lxam>
<lxam_c>i:a:ko:koh</lxam_c>
<lxoa>a:ko:koh</lxoa>
<lxoa_c>i:a:ko:koh</lxoa_c>
<dt>22/Oct/2005</dt>
<psm>N</psm>
<der>N-ap</der>
<infn>N2</infn>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>Adam's apple</sense_e>
<sense_s>nuez de la garganta</sense_s>
<sense_d>Am, Oa</sense_d>
</sense_egroup>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>double chin</sense_e>
<sense_s>papada</sense_s>
<sense_d>Oa</sense_d>
</sense_egroup>
<root>a:</root>
<root>ko:koh</root>
<qry>The etymology of this word is unclear. Check for /h/ in neighboring dialects. I originally had Am with a short /a/, this has been changed on the basis of the Oapan information</qry>
<semrefgroup>
<semref>ko:koh</semref>
<semref_t>equivalent</semref_t>
<semref_d>Am, Oa</semref_d>
</semrefgroup>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>05359</ref>
<lxam>a:xoto:ni</lxam>
<lxam_c>aa:xoto:ni</lxam_c>
<lxoa>&#225;:xot&#243;:ni</lxoa>
<lxoa_pr>&#225;:xoto:ni</lxoa_pr>
<lxoa_c>&#225;:xot&#243;:ni</lxoa_c>
<dt>12/Feb/2006</dt>
<lx_te>No</lx_te>
<psm>V1</psm>
<impers>tla-</impers>
<incorp>N-V1</incorp>
<der>V1-alt-ni</der>
<trans>~Trans</trans>
<infv>class-3a</infv>
<pitch>yes</pitch>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>(usually with short vowel reduplication) to get blisters (on a part of the body)</sense_e>
<sense_s>(por lo com&#250;n con reduplicaci&#243;n de vocal corta) salirsele ampollas (a una parte del cuerpo de una persona)</sense_s>
<sense_d>Pending</sense_d>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>O:aga:xoto:n noma -=O:nimaaga:xoto:n-.</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>My hands got blisters on them (e.g., from chopping firewood, etc.).</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>Se les salieron ampollas a mis las manos (p. ej., por le&#241;ar, etc.).</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
</sense_egroup>
<root>a:</root>
<root>xoto:</root>
<nse>With a verb such as <kam>a:xoto:ni</kam> possessor raising with incorporated noun/body part is more common than the separate expression of the affected body part as subject. For Oapan Nahuatl only the reduced reduplicated form has been documented, although the headword remains the base (nonreduplicaed form). Florencia Marcelino stated that even if only one blister occurs the form <koa>&#225;:xot&#243;:ni</koa> is used. In Ameyaltepec the nonreduplicated form is rare but documented; however, here too reduplication of this verb is the most common form though a velar voice stop or fricative often separates the reduplicant vowel from the initial vowel of the verb.</nse>
<qry>Check transitive form which appears to be /a:xoto:naltia/, but check.</qry>
<qry_fon>Check the nature of the initial /aa/ sequence. Is there some sort of closure between the 2 vowels.</qry_fon>
<grm>Phonology: note insertion of voiced velar stop, or fricative (written as /g/) between the stem and reduplicated /a/.</grm>
<semrefgroup>
<semref>a:xopo:ni</semref>
<semref_t>equivalent</semref_t>
<semref_d>Am</semref_d>
</semrefgroup>
<semrefgroup>
<semref>&#225;:xop&#243;:ni</semref>
<semref_t>equivalent</semref_t>
<semref_d>Oa</semref_d>
</semrefgroup>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>05518</ref>
<lxam>a:tonkwilin</lxam>
<lxam_c>*a:tonkwilin</lxam_c>
<dt>23/Feb/2006</dt>
<psm>N</psm>
<compound>N-N</compound>
<der>N-b-in</der>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>type of small worm that reproduces in standing, stored water (such as the water in an <klam>a:ko:ntli</klam> or water tank)</sense_e>
<sense_s>tipo de gusanillo que sale en agua amacenada (como la que se guarda en un <klam>a:ko:ntli</klam> o tanque)</sense_s>
<sense_d>Am</sense_d>
</sense_egroup>
<semfld>animal</semfld>
<semfld>marine</semfld>
<root>a:</root>
<root>tom</root>
<root>okwil</root>
<nse>Also documented for Ameyaltepec is <klam>a:tonkwitsmeh</klam> , but this appears to be idiosyncratic in this village.In Acatl&#225;n, however, these worms are called <kn>ahtonquiztle</kn> :&quot;maromeros, gusanillos que se reproducen en ollas con agua&quot;; see Mat&#237;as A. and Constantino L. (1996:73). In Oapan they are called <koa>a:tonkwistih</koa>. Cristino Flores stated that he did not know this term and instead used <klam>a:tonpitsmeh</klam>.</nse>
<grm>The form /a:tonkwilin/ is interesting for its morphology. It seems to take a reflexive verb (V-1-refl) and use the shortened stem as a modifier for the head noun form /kwilin/. Certainly, this would seem to be an unusual combination, and perhaps might be coded as S-N.</grm>
<semrefgroup>
<semref>a:tonkwitsmeh</semref>
<semref_t>equivalent</semref_t>
<semref_d>Am</semref_d>
</semrefgroup>
<semrefgroup>
<semref>a:tonkwistih</semref>
<semref_t>equivalent</semref_t>
<semref_d>Oa</semref_d>
</semrefgroup>
<semrefgroup>
<semref>a:toma</semref>
<semref_t>confer</semref_t>
<semref_d>Am</semref_d>
</semrefgroup>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>05540</ref>
<lxam>kamaa:xoto:naltia</lxam>
<lxam_c>kikamaa:xoto:naltia</lxam_c>
<dt>09/Feb/2006</dt>
<lx_te>No</lx_te>
<psm>V2</psm>
<incorp>N-V2</incorp>
<der>V2-d-ca(ni/ltia)</der>
<infv>class-2a</infv>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>to cause blisters in the mouth of</sense_e>
<sense_s>causar granitos o ampollas en la boca a</sense_s>
<sense_d>Am</sense_d>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>O:ne:chkamaa:xoto:naltih a:to:hli.</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>The atole (because it was hot) caused a blister in my mouth.</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>El atole (por caliente) me hizo salir una ampollita en la boca.</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
</sense_egroup>
<root>kama</root>
<root>a:</root>
<root>xoto:</root>
<qry>Apparently *kamaa:xoto:nia: does not exist, but this should be checked.</qry>
<xrefgroup>
<xref>kamaa:xoto:ni</xref>
<xref_t>verb_base</xref_t>
<xref_d>Am</xref_d>
</xrefgroup>
<xrefgroup>
<xref>kama&#225;:xot&#243;:ni</xref>
<xref_t>verb_base</xref_t>
<xref_d>Oa</xref_d>
</xrefgroup>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>05584</ref>
<lxam>a:me:hli</lxam>
<lxam_c>a:me:hli</lxam_c>
<lxoa>a:me:hli</lxoa>
<lxoa_c>a:me:hli</lxoa_c>
<dt>22/Oct/2005</dt>
<psm>N</psm>
<compound>N-N</compound>
<der>N-dvb-pas</der>
<infn>Stem 3</infn>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>small well dug in the sand next to a river allowing filtered water for drinking to seep through</sense_e>
<sense_s>pocito hecho en la arena junto a un r&#237;o para que se llene de agua potable que se ha filtrado</sense_s>
<sense_d>Pending</sense_d>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>Ma:ka umpa xtlate:ma ipan noa:me:l.</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>Don't fill your water jugs there in my well.</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>No llenes tu c&#225;ntaro all&#237;en mi pocito.</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
</sense_egroup>
<root>a:</root>
<root>me:ya</root>
<grm>Note how it seems that /a:me:hli/ derives from /me:ya/, which indicates that perhaps the root is /me:/ and /-ya/ is a verbalizer.</grm>
<mod>Illustrate</mod>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>05649</ref>
<lxam>a:yo:ki:sa</lxam>
<lxam_c>a:yo:ki:sa</lxam_c>
<lxoa>a:yo:ki:sa</lxoa>
<lxoa_c>a:yo:ki:sa</lxoa_c>
<dt>12/Feb/2006</dt>
<lx_te>No</lx_te>
<psm>V1</psm>
<impers>tla-</impers>
<incorp>N-V1</incorp>
<der>V1-b</der>
<infv>class-3a</infv>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>to seep out the pus or liquid of an infection (e.g., a part of the body)</sense_e>
<sense_s>salirse agua del pus o l&#237;quido de una infecci&#243;n (p. ej., una parte del cuerpo)</sense_s>
<sense_d>Pending</sense_d>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>Kipia ye:rbah. Totopo:ni, pe:wa a:yo:ki:sa ima ka:n isti.</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>It (a mule in this case) has a fungus infection (from Sp. <kam>yerba</kam>). It (the infected place) is bursting, it's front leg has started to get filled with pus where its hoof is.</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>Tiene yerba (en este caso una mula). se est&#225;reventando (el lugar infectado), su pierna de delante ya empez&#243;a llenarse de pus, all&#237;por su pezu&#241;a.</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
</sense_egroup>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>to secrete a liquid from inside (e.g., wood from which saps comes out, perhaps as it is cut)</sense_e>
<sense_s>echar o dejar salir un l&#237;quido desde adentro (p. ej., madera del cual se le sale savia al cortarse)</sense_s>
<sense_d>Oa</sense_d>
</sense_egroup>
<root>a:</root>
<root>ki:sa</root>
<qry>I have only heard this used to refer to an infection that begins to fill with pus; check for other possible acceptations.</qry>
<mod>Perhaps add a discussion of the difference between /kwitlati/ and /a:yo:ki:sa/, if necessary.</mod>
<grm>A comment should be made on the manner in which incorporated nouns may indicate a type of specificity through the use of /-yo/, a suffix that indicates an inalienable or intrinsic relation. Thus /a:yo:tl/ is used most often for 'juice,' (of a fruit), 'broth,' (of a dish being cooked), etc. For the grammar contrast /a:ki:sa/ and /a:yo:ki:sa/.</grm>
<semrefgroup>
<semref>kwitlati; kwitlatia</semref>
<semref_t>confer</semref_t>
<semref_d>Am, Oa</semref_d>
</semrefgroup>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>05677</ref>
<lxam>tlakwa:te:kihli</lxam>
<lxam_c>tlakwa:te:kihli</lxam_c>
<lxoa>tlakwa:te:ki:hli</lxoa>
<lxoa_c>tlakwa:te:ki:hli</lxoa_c>
<dt>22/Oct/2005</dt>
<psm>N</psm>
<der>N-dvb-pas</der>
<infn>Stem 3</infn>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>(often possessed) person who has been baptized</sense_e>
<sense_s>(a menudo pose&#237;do) persona que ha sido bautizada</sense_s>
<sense_d>Pending</sense_d>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>Kiyeka:na itlakwa:te:kil un mihka:tsi:ntli.</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>The godchild of the deceased person is leading it (the funeral entourage, carrying a saint and candles).</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>El ahijdo de la persona fallecida est&#225;yendo adelante de ello (esto es, de la procesi&#243;n funeraria, llev&#225;ndo un santo y velas).</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
</sense_egroup>
<root>kwa:</root>
<root>a:</root>
<root>te:ka</root>
<vl>Link 1st female and 1st male token.</vl>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>05683</ref>
<lxam>Wepane:koh</lxam>
<lxam_c>Wa:pane:koh</lxam_c>
<lxam_c>Wepane:koh</lxam_c>
<lxoa>Wapane:koh</lxoa>
<lxoa_c>Wapane:koh</lxoa_c>
<dt>12/Feb/2006</dt>
<loan>(Sp) <kn>Wa:pan</kn></loan>
<psm>Adj</psm>
<der>Adj-loan</der>
<infa>Gender</infa>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>person from Oapan</sense_e>
<sense_s>persona de Oapan</sense_s>
<sense_d>Pending</sense_d>
</sense_egroup>
<root>owa</root>
<root>a:</root>
<root_rel>-pan</root_rel>
<nae>Although the <spn>-eco</spn> ending now so common in Spanish has its origin in Nahuatl, it seems here to be reborrowed into Nahuatl, as evidenced by the gendered ending variation <spn>-oh</spn> and <spn>-ah</spn>.</nae>
<qry>Check for final /h/. Check for other gentilico's (e.g. /xa:lite:koh/, etc.) by village.</qry>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>05684</ref>
<lxam>kwa:te:kilia</lxam>
<lxam_c>kikwa:te:kilia</lxam_c>
<lxoa>kwa:te:kilia</lxoa>
<lxoa_c>kikwa:te:kilia</lxoa_c>
<dt>12/Feb/2006</dt>
<lx_te>No</lx_te>
<psm>V3</psm>
<incorp>N-V3</incorp>
<der>V3-d-ap</der>
<infv>class-2a</infv>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>to baptize (the child) of</sense_e>
<sense_s>bautizarle (el hijo) a</sense_s>
<sense_d>Pending</sense_d>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>O:ne:xtlakwa:te:kilih.</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>He baptized a child of mine for me.</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>Me bautiz&#243;un ni&#241;o.</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>O:ne:chkwa:te:kilih nopo:tsi:n.</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>Me baptized my little girl for me.</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>Me bautiz&#243;mi peque&#241;a hija.</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
</sense_egroup>
<root>kwa:</root>
<root>a:</root>
<root>te:ka</root>
<nae>Although (or perhaps&quot;because&quot;) the secondary object of <kamoa>kwa:te:kilia</kamoa> is always a human (baby) the object marked used to express this nonspecific object is usually <kn>tla-</kn>, ostensibly for non-human nonspecific objects as opposed to <kn>te-</kn>, used for nonspecific human objects. Thus, as exemplified in an illustrative sentence above, the documented form is <kam>O:ne:xtlakwa:te:kilih</kam> and not ? <kam>O:ne:xte:kwa:te:kilih</kam>.</nae>
<qry>Check if other acceptations of /kwa:te:kia/ are also acceptable for the applicative.</qry>
<vl>Use second female and first male tokens.</vl>
<grm>Nonspecific objects: /tla-/ used for /te:-/: Although (or perhaps&quot;because&quot;) the secondary object of <kamoa>kwa:te:kilia</kamoa> is always a human (baby) the object marked used to express this nonspecific object is usually <kn>tla-</kn>, ostensibly for non-human nonspecific objects as opposed to <kn>te-</kn>, used for nonspecific human objects. Thus, as exemplified in an illustrative sentence above, the documented form is <kam>O:ne:xtlakwa:te:kilih</kam> and not ? <kam>O:ne:xte:kwa:te:kilih</kam>.</grm>
<xrefgroup>
<xref>kwa:te:kia</xref>
<xref_t>verb_base</xref_t>
<xref_d>Am</xref_d>
</xrefgroup>
<xrefgroup>
<xref>kwa:te:kiya</xref>
<xref_t>verb_base</xref_t>
<xref_d>Oa</xref_d>
</xrefgroup>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>05688</ref>
<lxam>a:tetso:liwi</lxam>
<lxam_c>a:tetso:liwi</lxam_c>
<lxoa>a:tetso:liwi</lxoa>
<lxoa_c>a:tetso:liwi</lxoa_c>
<dt>11/Feb/2006</dt>
<lx_te>No</lx_te>
<psm>V1</psm>
<impers>tla-</impers>
<incorp>N-V1</incorp>
<der>V1-alt-wi</der>
<lexical>Lex. infix <kn>te-</kn></lexical>
<infv>class-3a(w)</infv>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>to run out of water (e.g., in ones water jugs)</sense_e>
<sense_s>acabarsele el agua (p. ej., en la tinaja de uno)</sense_s>
<sense_d>Pending</sense_d>
</sense_egroup>
<flao>tso:liwi</flao>
<root>a:</root>
<root>tso:l</root>
<qry>The correctness of /a:tetso:liwi/ meaning 'to run out of water' should be investigated.</qry>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>05721</ref>
<lxam>a:tila:na</lxam>
<lxam_c>ka:tila:na</lxam_c>
<lxoa>a:tila:na</lxoa>
<lxoa_c>ka:tila:na</lxoa_c>
<dt>12/Feb/2006</dt>
<lx_te>No</lx_te>
<psm>V2</psm>
<incorp>N-V</incorp>
<der>V2-b</der>
<infv>class-3a</infv>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>to pull along in the water (sth or sb)</sense_e>
<sense_s>jalar dentro del agua (algo o algn)</sense_s>
<sense_d>Pending</sense_d>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>Ma tika:tila:naka:n un kuwtli, tikpano:lti:skeh nepa la:doh.</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>Let's pull that log along in the water (of a river or lake), we'll pass it over to the other side.</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>Vamos a jalar ese tronco en el agua (de un r&#237;o o laguna), vamos a pasarlo al otro lado.</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>Nika:tila:ntiw. Xwel panowa san ise:lti.</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>I pull him along (on the surface of) the water. He can't cross (to the other side of a river or lake) by himself.</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>Lo voy jalando (por la superficie) en el agua. El no puede pasar (al otro lado de un r&#237;o o laguna) por s&#237;mismo.</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
</sense_egroup>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>to pull (sb [O]) into the water (e.g., from the edge of a river or lake)</sense_e>
<sense_s>jalar (a algn [O]) abajo del agua (p. ej., desde la orilla o desde adentro de un r&#237;o o laguna)</sense_s>
<sense_d>Pending</sense_d>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>Ma:ka mitsa:tila:nas a:lamatsi:n.</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>Don't let <klam>a:lamatsi:n</klam> drag you down into in the water.</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>No dejes que <klam>a:lamatsi:n</klam> te jale abajo del agua.</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
</sense_egroup>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>to restore a&quot;fallen&quot;fontanelle (for a child) by sucking on the soft spot with water in ones mouth</sense_e>
<sense_s>restorarle la fontanela ca&#237;da a(un ni&#241;o) al aspirar sobre ella con agua en la boca sobre la parte superior de la cabeza</sense_s>
<sense_d>Pending</sense_d>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>Deke se: pitentsi:n o:wetsito ia:w, xka:tila:na. Tihkamakwis a:tl, wa:n tikiyo:tila:na ipan itsontekon.</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>If the fontanelle of a young child's head falls in, pull it back up with water (i.e., suck it up with water in your mouth). You should take water in your mouth and suck in on the top of the child's head.</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>Si se le cae la fontanela a un ni&#241;o, j&#225;lala con agua (aspira sobre la fontanela con agua en tu boca). tomas agua en la boca e inhalas sobre su cabeza.</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
</sense_egroup>
<root>a:</root>
<root>tila:na</root>
<nse>In the acceptation of <kamoa>a:tila:na</kamoa> that refers to helping someone pass from one side of a river to another, the action consists in one person holding onto a log and swiming while the other is being pulled across by holding onto the swimmers arm). The third sense of <kam>a:tila:na</kam> refers to taking water in ones mouth and sucking it up while ones mouth is placed on top of the&quot;fallen&quot;soft spot on a child's head. Note that this soft spot is called <kamoa>i:a:w</kamoa> (lit. 'his water'); thus it is not clear if the /a:-/ of <kamoa>a:tila:na</kamoa> refers to the water in ones mouth or the&quot;water&quot;of the child's soft spot.</nse>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>05792</ref>
<lxam>a:xi:xa</lxam>
<lxam_c>na:xi:xa</lxam_c>
<lxoa>a:xi:xa</lxoa>
<lxoa_c>na:xi:xa</lxoa_c>
<dt>12/Feb/2006</dt>
<lx_te>No</lx_te>
<psm>V2(refl/dif)</psm>
<incorp>N-V2</incorp>
<der>V2-b</der>
<trans>+Refl/+trans; +Caus</trans>
<infv>class-3a</infv>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>(refl.) to urinate (often used with an extraverse directional; without a directional the reflexive often has the sense of 'to urinate on,' i.e., 'to urinate (without moving); see below)</sense_e>
<sense_s>(refl.) orinar; mear (a menudo utilizado con una direccional extraversa; sin direccional el reflexivo tiende a interpretarse como 'orinar sobre', esto es, 'to urinate (without moving); v&#233;ase abajo)</sense_s>
<sense_d>Pending</sense_d>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>O:na:xi:xato.</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>He went to urinate.</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>Fue a orinar.</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
</sense_egroup>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>(with a specific object or <kn>te-</kn>) to urinate on (e.g., a small baby [S] on the person [O] holding it; when the reflexive is used with this sense occasionally <kam>-pan</kam> will be added to reinforce the idea of 'on')</sense_e>
<sense_s>(con un objeto espec&#237;fico o <kn>te-</kn>) orinar sobre; mear sobre (p. ej., un beb&#233;sobre la persona [O] que lo est&#225;sosteniendo; cuando el reflexivo se emplea con este significado ocasionalmente se le agrega <kam>-pan</kam> para especificar el sentido de 'sobre')</sense_s>
<sense_d>Pending</sense_d>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>O:na:xi:x -=i:pan o:na:xi:x-, o:kitla:n.</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>He urinated on himself, it (i.e., his need to urinate) got the better of him.</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>Orin&#243;sobre si mismo, le gan&#243;(esto es, su necesidad de orinar).</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>O:ne:cha:xi:x.</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>He urinated on me.</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>Me orin&#243;.</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
</sense_egroup>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>(refl.; fig.) discharge or excrete a liquid (e.g., as a tree does sap, or stones for making lime as they are being baked)</sense_e>
<sense_s>(refl.; fig.) descargar o excretar un l&#237;quido (p. ej., como un&#225;rbol a su savia, o piedras al cocerse para sacar cal)</sense_s>
<sense_d>Pending</sense_d>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>Yo:pe:w na:xi:xa tenextli ka:n kitokitokeh.</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>The lime has started to form liquid which is dripping down (in the oven) into where they are stoking it.</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>El l&#237;quido de la cal (en el horno) ya empez&#243;a escurrirse hasta donde alimentan el fuego.</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
</sense_egroup>
<semfld>functions</semfld>
<root>a:</root>
<root>xi:xa</root>
<qry_fon>This is a good word to determine the length of initial /a:/ from 'water'.</qry_fon>
<xrefgroup>
<xref>a:xi:xaltia</xref>
<xref_t>val_add_caus</xref_t>
<xref_d>Am, Oa</xref_d>
</xrefgroup>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>05830</ref>
<lxam>a:tki</lxam>
<lxam_c>a:tki</lxam_c>
<lxoa>a:tki</lxoa>
<lxoa_c>a:tki</lxoa_c>
<dt>11/Feb/2006</dt>
<der>Adj-para-ki/ya/lia</der>
<trans>~Trans</trans>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>watery (a soup, consom&#233;, beans cooking in broth, etc.)</sense_e>
<sense_s>aguado (un consom&#233;, frijoles, etc.)</sense_s>
<sense_d>Pending</sense_d>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>A:tki un yetl. We:i ia:yo wan xkipia yetl mi&#225;k.</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>Those beans are watery. They have a lot of juice and not much bean.</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>Esos frijoles est&#225;n aguados. tienen mucho jugo y casi nada de frijol.</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>Xkwahli un a:to:hli, a:tki.</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>That atole is no good, it's watery.</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>Ese atole no est&#225;bien, est&#225;aguado.</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
</sense_egroup>
<semfld>consist</semfld>
<root>a:</root>
<nse>The reason for the presence of the /t/ is unclear. But there is a paradigm of <kamoa>a:tki</kamoa> and <kamoa>a:tia</kamoa>, parallel to forms such as <klamoa>yema:nki</klamoa>and <kam>yema:nia</kam>. Another derivation would have a <kn>-ti</kn> verbalizer, but this would yield <kn>*a:tik</kn>, which does not exist.</nse>
<mod>Check difference between /a:tki/ and /a:tostik/ and add to onomasiological section. Apparently the latter is more for mixtures whereas, former for liquids, e.g. ink, etc.</mod>
<grm>A:tki un yetl. We:i ia:yo wa:n xkipia yetl miak. Those beans are watery. They have a lot of juice and not much bean. Note syntax.</grm>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>05839</ref>
<lxam>a:tlakwintsi:n</lxam>
<lxam_alt>aa:tlakwintsi:n</lxam_alt>
<lxam_c>a:tlakwintsi:n</lxam_c>
<lxoa>&#225;:tlakw&#237;ni</lxoa>
<lxoa_alt>&#225;:tlakw&#237;ne</lxoa_alt>
<lxoa_c>&#225;:tlakw&#237;ne,&#225;:tlakw&#237;ni</lxoa_c>
<dt>12/Feb/2006</dt>
<psm>N</psm>
<compound>N-V2</compound>
<der>N-ag-ni</der>
<lexical>Reduced rdp-s(vowel-l) (Oa)</lexical>
<pitch>yes-rdp</pitch>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>child who draws water often, whose task it is to draw water and take it to where it will be consumed</sense_e>
<sense_s>ni&#241;o que siempre trae agua a donde se consume</sense_s>
<sense_d>Pending</sense_d>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>Ml&#225;:k a:tlakwintsi:n!</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>He's a real water-bearer (said slightly in jest)!</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>&#161;Es un verdadero aguador (dicho algo ir&#243;nicamente)!</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
</sense_egroup>
<root>a:</root>
<root>kwi</root>
<nae>Oapan Nahuatl <koa>&#225;:tlakw&#237;ni</koa> manifests a pitch-accented initial long vowel, the result of a reduplicant (short vowel with coda {h}). The reduplication is apparently related to the fact that any child (or person) who is known as a&quot;water-bearer&quot;is so known because he or she repeatedly goes to draw water, an iterative action that motivates the reduplication.</nae>
<qry>Cf. /a:tlahke:tl/ and determine difference, if any, between /a:tlahke:tl/ and /a:tlakwintsi:n/. The latter seems much more common, perhaps because little children are usually employed in this task, as opposed to adults.</qry>
<grm>Note how the agentive -ni forms a diminutive losing the final /i/ of the verbal ending.</grm>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>05847</ref>
<lxam>a:komohli</lxam>
<lxam_c>a:komohli</lxam_c>
<lxoa>a:komohli</lxoa>
<lxoa_c>a:komohli</lxoa_c>
<dt>22/Oct/2005</dt>
<psm>N</psm>
<compound>N-N</compound>
<der>N-dvb-pas</der>
<infn>Stem 3</infn>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>large and deep area in a river where the water is calm and slow moving, circling around slowly</sense_e>
<sense_s>&#225;rea larga, plana y profunda de un r&#237;o donde el agua est&#225;calmada y algo estancada; no corre r&#225;pido y circula lentamente</sense_s>
<sense_d>Pending</sense_d>
</sense_egroup>
<root>a:</root>
<root>komol</root>
<vl>Link 2nd female token and 1st male token.</vl>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>05849</ref>
<lxam>a:pa:tsiwi</lxam>
<lxam_c>a:pa:tsiwi</lxam_c>
<lxoa>a:pa:tsiwi</lxoa>
<lxoa_c>a:pa:tsiwi</lxoa_c>
<dt>09/Feb/2006</dt>
<lx_te>No</lx_te>
<psm>V1</psm>
<impers>tla-</impers>
<der>V1-alt-wi</der>
<trans>Compl</trans>
<infv>class-3a(w)</infv>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>to become moistened or wet with water</sense_e>
<sense_s>mojarse con agua; mezclarse con agua</sense_s>
<sense_d>Pending</sense_d>
</sense_egroup>
<root>a:</root>
<root>pa:ts</root>
<vl>Link 2nd female and 2nd male tokens.</vl>
<qry_fon>The duration of the initial (long) /a:/ in Florencia Marcelino's pronunciation is significantly shortened. Under 90 ms. These should be compared to the longer duration of Inocencio's initial vowel and to the duration of Florencia's second vowel /pa:/, which is well over 110 ms (I don't have the measurements at hand). It is worth considering the possibility that there is some tendency to neutralization of initial vowels, just as occurs with final vowels.</qry_fon>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>05859</ref>
<lxam>a:te:nkuwtli</lxam>
<lxam_c>a:te:nkuwtli</lxam_c>
<lxoa>a:te:nkohtli</lxoa>
<lxoa_c>a:te:nkohtli</lxoa_c>
<dt>22/Oct/2005</dt>
<psm>N</psm>
<compound>N-N-N</compound>
<der>N-b</der>
<infn>Stem 1(w)</infn>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e><l>Bursera lancifolia</l>Schlecht, tree of the Burseraceae family</sense_e>
<sense_s><l>Bursera lancifolia</l>Schlecht,&#225;rbol de la familia Burseraceae</sense_s>
<sense_d>Pending</sense_d>
</sense_egroup>
<semfld>plant</semfld>
<semfld>kohtli</semfld>
<root>a:</root>
<root>te:n</root>
<root>kow</root>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>05900</ref>
<lxam>a:chi:wihli</lxam>
<lxam_c>a:chi:wihli</lxam_c>
<lxoa>a:chi:wihli</lxoa>
<lxoa_c>a:chi:wihli</lxoa_c>
<dt>12/Feb/2006</dt>
<psm>N</psm>
<compound>N-N</compound>
<der>N-dvb-pas</der>
<infn>Stem 3</infn>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>the water (and sometimes by extension the bowl used to contain it) that is used to soften a mixture that is being ground or kneaded (particularly <klam>nextamahli</klam> on a metate)</sense_e>
<sense_s>el agua (y a veces por extensi&#243;n el recipiente) que se usa para moler o amasar algo (particularmente el nixtamal sobtre un metate)</sense_s>
<sense_d>Pending</sense_d>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>Yewa ma:chi:wil.</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>That is the water (and bowl that contains it) that you use to grind <kam>nextamahli</kam>.</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>Es el agua (y la tasa que la contine) que utilizas para moler el nixtamal.</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>&quot;A:chi:wihli&quot;kito:ka:yo:tian se: tepalkatsi:ntli wan ke:kchi:wan</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e><kam>A:chi:wi:hli</kam> is what they call a small little bowl that they make.</phrase_e>
<phrase_s><kam>A:chi:wihli</kam> es lo que ellos llaman un recipiente peque&#241;o que fabrican.</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
</sense_egroup>
<root>a:</root>
<root>chi:wa</root>
<nse>Gabriel de la Cruz (Am) used <kam>a:chi:wihli</kam> to refer to the bowl that holds the water used to grind corn. However, it appears that he was either in error or was using the word metaphorically since this bowl is most commonly referred to as an <klam>a:chi:wi:ltepalkatl</klam> and the water itself more correctly refered to simply as <kam>a:chi:wi:hli</kam>.</nse>
<qry>Check correctness of /wan/ in /&quot;A:chi:wi:hli&quot;kito:ka:yo:tian se: tepalkatsi:ntli wan ke:kchi:wan/.</qry>
<qry_fon>This word, as all containing /a:chi:wil-/ should be rechecked for the length of the final /i/ of the stem.</qry_fon>
<semrefgroup>
<semref>a:chi:wia</semref>
<semref_t>confer</semref_t>
<semref_d>Am</semref_d>
</semrefgroup>
<semrefgroup>
<semref>a:chi:wiya</semref>
<semref_t>confer</semref_t>
<semref_d>Oa</semref_d>
</semrefgroup>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>05923</ref>
<lxam>a:tepe:ya:tl</lxam>
<lxam_c>a:tepe:ya:tl</lxam_c>
<lxoa>a:tepe:ya:tl</lxoa>
<lxoa_c>a:tepe:ya:tl</lxoa_c>
<dt>12/Feb/2006</dt>
<psm>N</psm>
<compound>N-N</compound>
<der>N-b</der>
<infn>Stem 2</infn>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>flood stream of water that runs off and down a hillside after a torrential rain</sense_e>
<sense_s>torrente de agua que baja de un cerro, o en una barranca, despu&#233;s de una fuerte lluvia</sense_s>
<sense_d>Pending</sense_d>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>A:tepe:ya:tl o:kitetek notla:l, chika:wak o:kiaw.</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>Flash flood waters cut gullies in my land, it rained hard.</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>Aguas torrenciales cortaron mi terreno, llovi&#243;fuerte.</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>Yo:panwets ipoposokio a:tepe:ya:tl.</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>Foam has formed on the top of the torrent of water.</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>Espuma sali&#243;por la superficie de este torrente de agua.</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
</sense_egroup>
<root>a:</root>
<root>tepe:</root>
<nae>This word should be compared to Molina (Spanish to Mexicano side) <kn>atetepeyotl</kn> 'ola grande' derived from the nominal roots <kroot>a:</kroot>'water' and, reduplicated, <kroot>tepe:</kroot>'hill.' Given the obvious etymological relationship to <klamoa>a:tl</klamoa>and <klamoa>tepe:tl</klamoa>one would expect the initial /a:/ to be long. However, acoustic measurements of the duration of 4 Oapan speech tokens show that Florencia Marcelino had initial vowels of 58 and 45 ms, while her husband Inocencio Jim&#233;nez had vowels of 91 and 68 ms. It is unlikely that the vowel is underlyingly short as the relationship to 'water' (<kamoa>a:tl</kamoa>) seems clear. It is possible that this represents a real phonological shift for undetermined reasons even though there seems to be a tendency for phonologically long vowels to have a reduced duration in word-initial position. For now the orthographic representation has been left at /a:/ despite the acoustic evidence.</nae>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>05929</ref>
<lxam>a:pa:tsowa</lxam>
<lxam_c>ka:pa:tsowa</lxam_c>
<lxoa>a:pa:tsowa</lxoa>
<lxoa_c>ka:pa:tsowa</lxoa_c>
<dt>09/Feb/2006</dt>
<lx_te>No</lx_te>
<psm>V2</psm>
<incorp>N-V2</incorp>
<der>V2-alt-wi</der>
<trans>Compl</trans>
<infv>class-2b</infv>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>to moisten with water</sense_e>
<sense_s>mojar con agua; mezclar con agua</sense_s>
<sense_d>Pending</sense_d>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>Tika:pa:tso:s ipan moma, poso:ni ke:n jab&#243;:n. Tika:poso:nalti:s</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>You will moisten it in the palm of your hand, it bubbles up like soap. You will make it froth up with water.</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>Vas a echarle agua en la palma de tu mano, se hace espuma como si fuera jab&#243;n. Vas a hacerlo espumar con agua.</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
</sense_egroup>
<root>a:</root>
<root>pa:ts</root>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>05969</ref>
<lxam>a:wetsi</lxam>
<lxam_c>a:wetsi</lxam_c>
<dt>09/Feb/2006</dt>
<lx_te>No</lx_te>
<psm>V1</psm>
<impers>tla-</impers>
<incorp>N-V1</incorp>
<der>V1-b</der>
<infv>class-3a(ts)</infv>
<root>a:</root>
<root>wetsi</root>
<qry>Check meaning as a wet dream; it appears that this is the primary meaning; this should be checked.</qry>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>05980</ref>
<lxam>a:yema:nki</lxam>
<lxam_c>a:yema:nki</lxam_c>
<lxoa>a:yema:nki</lxoa>
<lxoa_c>a:yema:nki</lxoa_c>
<dt>24/Oct/2005</dt>
<psm>N</psm>
<compound>N-Adj</compound>
<der>Adj-para-ki/ya/lia</der>
<infn>N1</infn>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>lukewarm water</sense_e>
<sense_s>agua tibia</sense_s>
<sense_d>Pending</sense_d>
</sense_egroup>
<root>a:</root>
<root>yema:ni</root>
<grm>For incorporation contrast the meaning of /a:yema:nki/ which is 'lukewarm water' to /a:yema:nia/, which is 'to become soft from being in water.' Discuss how, in this case the semantic function or /a:/ is distinct in each form. In /a:yema:nki/ 'water' is basically a head noun; in /a:yema:nia/ 'water' is the cause or instrument.</grm>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>06027</ref>
<lxam>yechi:la:tl</lxam>
<lxam_c>yechi:la:tl</lxam_c>
<lxoa>yechi:la:tl</lxoa>
<lxoa_c>yechi:la:tl</lxoa_c>
<dt>12/Feb/2006</dt>
<psm>N</psm>
<compound>N-(N-N)</compound>
<infn>Stem 2</infn>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>bean broth prepared with <klam>ista:kyetl</klam> or <klam>kaxtiltsi:n</klam></sense_e>
<sense_s>caldo de frijol preparado con <klam>ista:kyetl</klam> o <klam>kaxtiltsi:n</klam></sense_s>
<sense_d>Pending</sense_d>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>Yechi:la:tl, weli de ista:kyetl noso kaxtiltsi:n. Kipia chi:hli, xonakatl, sila:ntroh, istatl. Kamantika kipa:lian komi:nos ika kaxtiltsi:n pero xika ista:kyetl.</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>The bean broth called <kam>yechi:la:tl</kam> , it can be made with <klam>ista:kyetl</klam> or <klam>kaxtiltsi:n</klam>. It has chile, onions, cilantro, salt. Sometimes they mix in cloves with <kam>kaxtiltsi:n</kam> but not with <kam>ista:kyetl</kam>.</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>El caldo de frijo llamado <kam>yechi:la:tl</kam> , se puede hacer con <klam>ista:kyetl</klam> o <klam>kaxtiltsi:n</klam>. Tiene chile, cebolla, cilantro, sal. A veces se le agregan cominos al <kam>kaxtiltsi:n</kam> but not with <kam>ista:kyetl</kam>.</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
</sense_egroup>
<semfld>food</semfld>
<root>ye</root>
<root>chi:l</root>
<root>a:</root>
<qry>Check recipe. The meaning of /pa:lia/ is not clear and needs to be checked. It is not on any separate file card.</qry>
<qry_fon>For a comparative study, it should be possible to example the duration/length of /a/ and /a:/ in final position before the absolutive.</qry_fon>
<semrefgroup>
<semref>tlachi:la:te:ki:hli</semref>
<semref_t>synonym</semref_t>
<semref_d>Oa</semref_d>
</semrefgroup>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>06031</ref>
<lxam>a:ko:ntli</lxam>
<lxam_c>a:ko:ntli</lxam_c>
<lxoa>a:ko:ntli</lxoa>
<lxoa_c>a:ko:ntli</lxoa_c>
<dt>22/Oct/2005</dt>
<psm>N</psm>
<compound>N-N</compound>
<der>N-b</der>
<infn>Stem 1(m)</infn>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>large, standing earthenware water jug</sense_e>
<sense_s>tinaja amplia hecha de barro que se usa para almacenar agua</sense_s>
<sense_d>Pending</sense_d>
</sense_egroup>
<ncol>wexo:lo:tl</ncol>
<root>a:</root>
<root>ko:m</root>
<qry>Cf. drawing with 3x5 card entry.</qry>
<mod>Illustrate</mod>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>06033</ref>
<lxam>tlatio:chi:wala:tl</lxam>
<lxam_c>tlatio:chi:wala:tl</lxam_c>
<lxoa>tlatio:chi:wala:tl</lxoa>
<lxoa_c>tlatio:chi:wala:tl</lxoa_c>
<dt>22/Oct/2005</dt>
<psm>N</psm>
<compound>N-N</compound>
<der>N-b</der>
<infn>Stem 2</infn>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>holy water</sense_e>
<sense_s>agua bendita</sense_s>
<sense_d>Pending</sense_d>
</sense_egroup>
<root>tio:</root>
<root>chi:wa</root>
<root>a:</root>
<qry_fon>Check over vowel quantity and quality here with a phonetician.</qry_fon>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>06049</ref>
<lxam>a:tli</lxam>
<lxam_c>ka:tli</lxam_c>
<lxoa>a:tli</lxoa>
<lxoa_c>ka:tli</lxoa_c>
<dt>12/Feb/2006</dt>
<lx_te>No</lx_te>
<psm>V2</psm>
<incorp>N-V2</incorp>
<der>V2-b</der>
<infv>class-4a(oni)</infv>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>to spill the liquid out of (said of what a hen [S] does to its egg; i.e., when a chicken breaks open one or more of its eggs, letting the liquid spill out and killing the embryo)</sense_e>
<sense_s>tirarle el l&#237;quido (una gallina de su huevo; se refiere a cuando una gallina rompe uno o m&#225;s de sus huevos, dejando salir el l&#237;quido que esta adentro y as&#237;matando el fetus)</sense_s>
<sense_d>Pending</sense_d>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>O:ka:tli:k ito:toltew. O:kitlapa:n.</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>It (i.e., a hen) made the liquid run out of its egg. It broke it open.</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>Ella (esto es, una gallina) hizo que saliera el l&#237;quido de su huevo. Lo revent&#243;.</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
</sense_egroup>
<root>a:</root>
<root>i:</root>
<qry>Re-check and confirm correctness of the transitive use in reference to a chicken. However, note that verbs derived from /i:/ 'to drink' and an incorporated noun might well accept both intransitive and transitive; thus cf. /po:ki:/ which in Ameyaltepec, although not Oapan, is both transitive and intransitive although defective in that it only accepts definite third person objects.</qry>
<grm>If a:tli can be both intransitive and transitive (cf. po:ki in Ameyaltepec) then this fact should be discussed in the grammar. Check.</grm>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>06063</ref>
<lxam>a:polaki</lxam>
<lxam_c>a:polaki</lxam_c>
<lxoa>a:polaki</lxoa>
<lxoa_c>a:polaki</lxoa_c>
<dt>11/Feb/2006</dt>
<lx_te>No</lx_te>
<psm>V1</psm>
<impers>tla-</impers>
<incorp>N-V1</incorp>
<der>V1-b</der>
<infv>class-3a(k)</infv>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>to become summerged or summerge oneself completely under water (from a position already in the water)</sense_e>
<sense_s>sumergirse completamente en el agua (desde una posici&#243;n ya dentro del agua)</sense_s>
<sense_d>Pending</sense_d>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>Ne:nkah, kwaltsi:n a:polaki, weka:wi kixi:kowa itik a:tl.</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>That person there can really go under water, he can last a long time underwater.</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>Aquel bien puede sumergirse en el agua, aguanta mucho tiempo bajo el agua.</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>Kwaltsi:n a:polaki motera:yah.</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>Your fishing net goes nicely into the water (e.g., because it has a lot of lead).</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>Tu atarraya entra el agua bien (p. ej., porque tiene mucho plomo).</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>Wel na:polaki.</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>I can dive underwater.</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>Puedo sumergirme en el agua.</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
</sense_egroup>
<root>a:</root>
<root>polak</root>
<nse>In Ameyaltepec both <kam>na:polaki</kam> and <kam>nia:polaki</kam> were accepted by consultants, though the former seems vastly more common. Note that the sense of <kn>a:polaki</kn>, at least in Oapan, is that one is already in the water and becomes, or is, submerged under water.</nse>
<qry_fon>Note the differnece in the duration of the initial /a/ in the two female tokens; a good example of phonetic variation.</qry_fon>
<vl>Link 2nd female token and 2nd male token.</vl>
<xrefgroup>
<xref>a:polaktia</xref>
<xref_t>val_add_caus</xref_t>
<xref_d>Am</xref_d>
</xrefgroup>
<xrefgroup>
<xref>a:polahtia</xref>
<xref_t>val_add_caus</xref_t>
<xref_d>Oa</xref_d>
</xrefgroup>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>06075</ref>
<lxam>a:po:poxowa</lxam>
<lxam_c>na:po:poxowa</lxam_c>
<dt>12/Feb/2006</dt>
<lx_te>No</lx_te>
<psm>V2</psm>
<incorp>N-V2</incorp>
<der>V2-alt-wi</der>
<trans>~Intrans; +Refl/-trans</trans>
<lexical>Lex. rdp-l</lexical>
<infv>class-2b</infv>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>(refl.) to waddle, or roll back and forth, in water or mud (particularly animals such as pigs); to wiggle and wallow back and forth in the soft ground (as if there were water, e.g., a hen)</sense_e>
<sense_s>(refl.) revolcarse en lodo o agua (particularmente un marrano); menearse en la tierra (como si fuera agua, p. ej., una gallina en la tierra suelta)</sense_s>
<sense_d>Am</sense_d>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>Yo:pe:w na:po:poxowa: un pitso.</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>That pig has started to waddle around in the mud (or a puddle or depression of mud and water).</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>Ese marrano ya empez&#243;a revolcarse in el lodo (o en una depressi&#243;n en la tierra, llena de agua y lodo).</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>Na:po:poxotok un pio.</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>That chicken is wallowing in the dirt (i.e., it wiggles back and forth to settle down into a depression it has made in the earth).</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>Esa gallina se est&#225;meneando para acomodarse en la tierra (esto es, se menea la colita de un lado a otro para hacer un lugar c&#243;modo).</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
</sense_egroup>
<root>a:</root>
<root>pox</root>
<nse>Apparently because of the nature of the action referred to, this verb is not used in a non-reduplicated form.</nse>
<qry>Check absence of transitive form. Also check to see if it is possible to use transitively.</qry>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>06159</ref>
<lxam_notes>yzzz</lxam_notes>
<lxoa>&#237;tia:po:t&#233;:tia</lxoa>
<lxoa_pr>itia:po:te:tia</lxoa_pr>
<lxoa_c>&#237;tia:po:t&#233;:tia</lxoa_c>
<dt>09/Feb/2006</dt>
<lx_te>No</lx_te>
<psm>V1</psm>
<impers>tla-</impers>
<der>V1-d-tia</der>
<infv>class-4b(ya-x)</infv>
<pitch>yes-lex</pitch>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>to get a large, round belly or midsection; to have a bloated belly</sense_e>
<sense_s>llegar a tener una barriga hinchada, grande y redonda</sense_s>
<sense_d>Oa</sense_d>
</sense_egroup>
<root>hti</root>
<root>a:</root>
<root>po:te:</root>
<semrefgroup>
<semref>po:te:tia</semref>
<semref_t>synonym</semref_t>
<semref_d>Am</semref_d>
</semrefgroup>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>06164</ref>
<lxam_notes>yzzz</lxam_notes>
<lxoa>ixonak a:ketspalin</lxoa>
<lxoa_alt>ixonak a:kitspalin; ixonak a:ispalin; a:ketspalin ixonak</lxoa_alt>
<lxoa_c>ixonak a:ketspalin</lxoa_c>
<dt>24/Oct/2005</dt>
<psm>N</psm>
<der>N-complex</der>
<infn>Stem 4</infn>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e><l>Cyperus odoratus</l>L., a type of sedge (Cyperaceae family) noted for its bulbous root that smells like garlic</sense_e>
<sense_s><l>Cyperus odoratus</l>L., un tipo de Cyperaceae (familia) conocido por su ra&#237;z bulbosa que huele como de ajos</sense_s>
<sense_d>Oa</sense_d>
</sense_egroup>
<semfld>plant</semfld>
<semfld>xiwtli</semfld>
<root>xonak</root>
<root>a:</root>
<root>ketspal</root>
<qry>At one time Silvestre Pantale&#243;n mentioned that this was different from the /xoxonakatsi:n/. This should be checked.</qry>
<qry_fon>Notice the difference between the 1st and 2nd female tokens in regard to the velar between /a/ and /ets/. In the first it is voiced and perhaps somewhat open; this should be compared to the second. In general an analysis needs to be conducted on stops and voicing.</qry_fon>
<vl>Link 2nd female token and 1st male token.</vl>
<semrefgroup>
<semref>sakaa:jos</semref>
<semref_t>equivalent</semref_t>
<semref_d>Am</semref_d>
</semrefgroup>
<semrefgroup>
<semref>a:xonakatl</semref>
<semref_t>equivalent</semref_t>
<semref_d>Oa</semref_d>
</semrefgroup>
<semrefgroup>
<semref>x&#243;xonak&#225;tsi:n</semref>
<semref_t>equivalent</semref_t>
<semref_d>Oa</semref_d>
</semrefgroup>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>06191</ref>
<lxam_notes>yzzz</lxam_notes>
<lxoa>a:ma:xtlatsi:n</lxoa>
<lxoa_c>a:ma:xtlatsi:n</lxoa_c>
<dt>22/Oct/2005</dt>
<psm>N</psm>
<compound>N-N</compound>
<der>N-tsi:n</der>
<infn>N1</infn>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>type of small black and yellow insect found in maize plants</sense_e>
<sense_s>tijeritas, tipo de peque&#241;o insecto negro y amarillo que se hallan en las plantas de ma&#237;z</sense_s>
<sense_d>Oa</sense_d>
</sense_egroup>
<semfld>animal</semfld>
<semfld>insect</semfld>
<root>a:</root>
<root>ma:xtla</root>
<vl>There are 4 extra tokens at 6307. Link 2nd female token from 6307 and 2nd male token from 6307.</vl>
<semrefgroup>
<semref>yo:lka:tsitsi:nteh de mi:hli</semref>
<semref_t>equivalent</semref_t>
<semref_d>Am</semref_d>
</semrefgroup>
<semrefgroup>
<semref>tijeri:tas</semref>
<semref_t>equivalent</semref_t>
<semref_d>Am</semref_d>
</semrefgroup>
<semrefgroup>
<semref>a:ma:xtlatl</semref>
<semref_t>confer</semref_t>
<semref_d>Oa</semref_d>
</semrefgroup>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>06196</ref>
<lxam>a:tonkwitsmeh</lxam>
<lxam_c>*a:tonkwitsmeh</lxam_c>
<lxoa>&#225;:tonkw&#237;stih</lxoa>
<lxoa_c>&#225;:tonkw&#237;stih</lxoa_c>
<dt>12/Feb/2006</dt>
<psm>N</psm>
<compound>S-N</compound>
<der>N-b</der>
<lexical>Reduced rdp-s(vowel-l)</lexical>
<infn>N1</infn>
<pitch>yes-rdp</pitch>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>type of small worm that reproduces in standing, stored water (such as the water in an <klamoa>a:ko:ntli</klamoa>or water tank)</sense_e>
<sense_s>tipo de gusanillo que sale en agua amacenada (como la que se guarda en un <klamoa>a:ko:ntli</klamoa>o tanque)</sense_s>
<sense_d>Am, Oa</sense_d>
</sense_egroup>
<root>a:</root>
<root>tom</root>
<root>kwits</root>
<nse>For Ameyaltepec <kam>a:tonkwitsmeh</kam> appears to be idiosyncratic (it is rarely used); the more common form is <klam>a:tonkwilin</klam>. In Acatl&#225;n, they are called <kn>ahtonquiztle</kn> :&quot;maromeros, gusanillos que se reproducen en ollas con agua&quot;; see Mat&#237;as A. and Constantino L. (1996:73). Cristino Flores stated that this term is used in Oapan and in Ameyaltepec they are called <klam>a:tompitsmeh</klam>.</nse>
<nae>Apparently reduplication is the motive for Oapan Nahuatl pitch accent in <koa>&#225;:tonkw&#237;stih</koa>. However, there are two scenarios. The first is that the vowel is underlyingly long (perhaps from the root <kroot>a:</kroot>'water') and that reduplication is reflected simply in pitch accent (with no lengthening of an already long vowel). This is perhaps the most likely scenario (cf. <koa>a:polaki</koa>, unreduplicated, and <koa>&#225;:pol&#225;ki</koa>, reduplicated). However, it might be that the vowel is originally short with pitch accent and reduplication has led to lengthening (? <koa>&#225;tonkw&#237;stih</koa>, unreduplicated, and <koa>&#225;:tonkw&#237;stih</koa>, reduplicated). It is interesting that the only cognate form from another dialect obtained to date, from Acatl&#225;n, Guerrero, has an /h/ closing the first syllable, <kam>ahtonquiztle</kam>. If this were representative of the underlying morphology, then Oapan would have a surface form (after the predictable phonological changes) of <koa>&#225;tonkw&#237;stih</koa>. With this analysis the pitc h accent derives from an underlying {h} and not reduplication; reduplication, however, would lead to vowel lengthening. However, given the probably relation of <koa>&#225;:tonkw&#237;stih</koa> to <koa>a:tl</koa> 'water,' with a long vowel, the first interpretation seems more likely.</nae>
<vl>Link 2nd female and 2nd male tokens.</vl>
<qry_h>atonkwitsmeh.</qry_h>
<root_notes>Note that /kwits/ might here be an allomorph of /kwil/ as in /kwilin/.</root_notes>
<semrefgroup>
<semref>a:tonkwilin</semref>
<semref_t>equivalent</semref_t>
<semref_d>Am</semref_d>
</semrefgroup>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>06238</ref>
<lxam>a:xi:xtewe:i</lxam>
<lxam_c>a:xi:xtewe:i</lxam_c>
<lxoa>a:xi:xtewe:i</lxoa>
<lxoa_c>a:xi:xtewe:i</lxoa_c>
<dt>11/Feb/2006</dt>
<psm>Adj</psm>
<compound>N-Adj</compound>
<lexical>Lex. infix <kn>te-</kn></lexical>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>to be a person who urinates a lot</sense_e>
<sense_s>ser me&#243;n; ser una persona que orina mucho</sense_s>
<sense_d>Oa</sense_d>
</sense_egroup>
<root>a:</root>
<root>xi:xa</root>
<semrefgroup>
<semref>a:xi:xpal</semref>
<semref_t>synonym</semref_t>
<semref_d>Am</semref_d>
</semrefgroup>
<semrefgroup>
<semref>a:xi:xaleh</semref>
<semref_t>synonym</semref_t>
<semref_d>Am</semref_d>
</semrefgroup>
<semrefgroup>
<semref>a:xi:xte:roh</semref>
<semref_t>synonym</semref_t>
<semref_d>Oa</semref_d>
</semrefgroup>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>06247</ref>
<lxam>a:neki</lxam>
<lxam_c>a:neki</lxam_c>
<lxoa>a:neki</lxoa>
<lxoa_c>a:neki</lxoa_c>
<dt>12/Feb/2006</dt>
<lx_te>No</lx_te>
<psm>V1</psm>
<impers>tla-</impers>
<incorp>N-V2</incorp>
<der>V2-b</der>
<infv>class-3a(k)</infv>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>to be thirsting for water (a plant)</sense_e>
<sense_s>estar sediente (una planta)</sense_s>
<sense_d>Oa</sense_d>
</sense_egroup>
<root>a:</root>
<root>neki</root>
<qry_fon>This word, considering the facility of measuring vowel length before a nasal, provides a good example of initial vowel length (also, considering that the first element /a:/ 'water' is known to have a long vowel. Measurements for the 4 tokens show: Florencia Marcelino: 122 and 125 ms; Inocencio Jim&#233;nez: 114 and 112 ms.</qry_fon>
<vl>Link 1st male token.</vl>
<grm>Oapan phonology: vowel length: Re /a:neki/: This word, considering the facility of measuring vowel length before a nasal, provides a good example of initial vowel length (also, considering that the first element /a:/ 'water' is known to have a long vowel. Measurements for the 4 tokens show: Florencia Marcelino: 122 and 125 ms; Inocencio Jim&#233;nez: 114 and 112 ms.</grm>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>06249</ref>
<lxam_notes>yzzz</lxam_notes>
<lxoa>ixia:po:tetl</lxoa>
<lxoa_c>i:xia:po:te</lxoa_c>
<dt>12/Feb/2006</dt>
<psm>N</psm>
<compound>N-(N-N)</compound>
<der>N-b</der>
<infn>Stem 2</infn>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>calf</sense_e>
<sense_s>pantorilla</sense_s>
<sense_d>Oa</sense_d>
</sense_egroup>
<semfld>body</semfld>
<root>kxi</root>
<root>a:</root>
<root>po:te</root>
<nae>The fact that there is no possessed marker (<kn>-w</kn>) on the possessed form of this body part seems to confirm the hypothesis that body part possession is zero-marked. Most often this is hard to determine because possession is of consonant-final stems and the plural marker use on these nouns (e.g., <kam>nomapilwa:n</kam>) is innovative and not part of the historical pattern of possession. Most vowel final forms (e.g., <kn>nokxi</kn> 'my leg/foot') have final CC so the presence of final /i/ can be analyzed as epenthetic (or maintained to avoid final CC sequences). But in the case of Oapan <koa>noxia:po:te</koa> there is no such motive and one can only posit loss of the absolutive with no possessed marker <kn>-w</kn>.</nae>
<grm>Oapan phonology; body part possession: <kn>i:xia:po:te</kn> : The fact that there is no possessed marker (<kn>-w</kn>) on the possessed form of this body part seems to confirm the hypothesis that body part possession is zero-marked. Most often this is hard to determine because possession is of consonant-final stems and the plural marker use on these nouns (e.g., <kam>nomapilwa:n</kam>) is innovative and not part of the historical pattern of possession. Most vowel final forms (e.g., <kn>nokxi</kn> 'my leg/foot') have final CC so the presence of final /i/ can be analyzed as epenthetic (or maintained to avoid final CC sequences). But in the case of Oapan <koa>noxia:po:te</koa> there is no such motive and one can only posit loss of the absolutive with no possessed marker <kn>-w</kn>.This is perhaps the only case in which I have found a body-part that ends in VCV before the absolutive except those that end in the element /te/ suffixed to a body part (e.g., /i:xtetl/). This confirms that the suffix for i nalien able body-part possession is zero (as in /i:ma/ and other similar terms. To confirm this, however, perhaps the possessed form of /a:po:tetl/ should be obtained.</grm>
<semrefgroup>
<semref>ko:stamal</semref>
<semref_t>equivalent</semref_t>
<semref_d>Am</semref_d>
</semrefgroup>
<semrefgroup>
<semref>ixitoma:hka:n</semref>
<semref_t>equivalent</semref_t>
<semref_d>Oa</semref_d>
</semrefgroup>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>06251</ref>
<lxam_notes>yzzz</lxam_notes>
<lxoa>ma:a:po:tetl</lxoa>
<lxoa_c>i:ma:a:po:te</lxoa_c>
<dt>11/Feb/2006</dt>
<psm>N</psm>
<compound>N-(N-N)</compound>
<der>N-b</der>
<infn>Stem 2</infn>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>biceps</sense_e>
<sense_s>bic&#233;ps</sense_s>
<sense_d>Oa</sense_d>
</sense_egroup>
<semfld>body</semfld>
<semfld>human</semfld>
<root>ma:</root>
<root>a:</root>
<root>po:te</root>
<nae>For a fuller explanation of this lexical item, see <kloa>ixia:po:tetl</kloa></nae>
<semrefgroup>
<semref>ma:xi:lo</semref>
<semref_t>equivalent</semref_t>
<semref_d>Am</semref_d>
</semrefgroup>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>06305</ref>
<lxam_notes>yzzz</lxam_notes>
<lxoa>tla:pia:skwalo</lxoa>
<lxoa_c>tla:pia:skwalo</lxoa_c>
<dt>09/Feb/2006</dt>
<lx_te>No</lx_te>
<psm>V1</psm>
<impers>tla-</impers>
<incorp>N-V1</incorp>
<der>V1-pass</der>
<infv>class-4a(pass)</infv>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>to feel pain when urinating</sense_e>
<sense_s>sentir dolor al orinar</sense_s>
<sense_d>Oa</sense_d>
</sense_egroup>
<root>a:</root>
<root>peya:</root>
<root>kwa</root>
<semrefgroup>
<semref>a:xi:xkwalo</semref>
<semref_t>equivalent</semref_t>
<semref_d>Am</semref_d>
</semrefgroup>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>06308</ref>
<lxam_notes>yzzz</lxam_notes>
<lxoa>tla:pia:smiki</lxoa>
<lxoa_c>tla:pia:smiki</lxoa_c>
<dt>09/Feb/2006</dt>
<lx_te>No</lx_te>
<psm>V1</psm>
<impers>tla-</impers>
<incorp>N-V1</incorp>
<der>V1-b</der>
<infv>class-3a(k)</infv>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>to need to urinate badly</sense_e>
<sense_s>necesitar o tener muchas ganas de orinar</sense_s>
<sense_d>Oa</sense_d>
</sense_egroup>
<root>a:</root>
<root>peya:s</root>
<root>miki</root>
<disamb>miki</disamb>
<mod>Add onomasiological entry discussing /miki/ as a compound verb.</mod>
<semrefgroup>
<semref>a:xi:xmiki</semref>
<semref_t>equivalent</semref_t>
<semref_d>Am</semref_d>
</semrefgroup>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>06311</ref>
<lxam_notes>yzzz</lxam_notes>
<lxoa>a:xi:xtekimaka</lxoa>
<lxoa_c>na:xi:xtekimaka</lxoa_c>
<dt>21/Feb/2006</dt>
<lx_te>No</lx_te>
<psm>V2</psm>
<incorp>N-V3</incorp>
<der>V2-b</der>
<trans>+Refl/-trans</trans>
<infv>Irregular; see <klamoa>maka</klamoa></infv>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>(refl.) to make an effort to urinate</sense_e>
<sense_s>(refl.) hacer un esfuerzo para orinar</sense_s>
<sense_d>Oa</sense_d>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>Antes ti&#225;:s xma:xi:xtekimakate:wa!</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Oa</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>Before you go (e.g., boarding a bus) make an effort to urinate!</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>&#161;Antes de que te vayas (p. ej., subiendo un cami&#243;n) haz un esfuerzo para orinar (para que despu&#233;s no te den ganas de orinar)!</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
</sense_egroup>
<root>a:</root>
<root>xi:xa</root>
<root>maka</root>
<qry>Determine whether only reflexive is used. Also, cf. use of /tekiwia/ in other contexts to indicate making an effort. Question Launey re: use of /-tekiwia/ to indicate making an effort to do sth. Check if there is a causative form.</qry>
<semrefgroup>
<semref>a:xi:xtekiwia</semref>
<semref_t>equivalent</semref_t>
<semref_d>Am</semref_d>
</semrefgroup>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>06314</ref>
<lxam>a:pantetl</lxam>
<lxam_c>a:pantetl</lxam_c>
<lxoa>a:pantetl</lxoa>
<lxoa_c>a:pantetl</lxoa_c>
<dt>12/Feb/2006</dt>
<psm>N</psm>
<compound>N-N</compound>
<der>N-b</der>
<infn>Stem 2</infn>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>child who wants to play, or often plays, in the water</sense_e>
<sense_s>ni&#241;o que quiere jugar, o que siempre juega, en el agua</sense_s>
<sense_d>Am</sense_d>
</sense_egroup>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>stone found by or in the river that has been smooth by the action of running water (Am. synonym <klam>a:te:ntetl</klam>)</sense_e>
<sense_s>piedra lisa que se encuentra por la orilla o dentro del r&#237;o y que ha sido pulida por la acci&#243;n de agua corriente (Am. sin&#243;nimo <klam>a:te:ntetl</klam>)</sense_s>
<sense_d>Oa</sense_d>
</sense_egroup>
<root>a:</root>
<root>te</root>
<root_rel>-pan</root_rel>
<nae>The first element of the compound noun <koa>a:pantetl</koa> is <kloa>a:pan</kloa>a locative noun used to be 'river.'</nae>
<qry_fon>Oapan phonology: The 4 tokens here provide a good illustration of variation in vowel length both within a word (long vs. short) and between speakers (Florencia has a smaller ratio between /a:/ and /a/, first and second syllables of /a:pantetl/, based on a long duration to her short vowel).</qry_fon>
<grm>Oapan phonology: The 4 tokens here provide a good illustration of variation in vowel length both within a word (long vs. short) and between speakers (Florencia has a smaller ratio between /a:/ and /a/, first and second syllables of /a:pantetl/, based on a long duration to her short vowel).</grm>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>06333</ref>
<lxam_notes>yzzz</lxam_notes>
<lxoa>tla:kwitsahlo:tl</lxoa>
<lxoa_c>tla:kwitsahlo:tl</lxoa_c>
<dt>12/Feb/2006</dt>
<psm>N</psm>
<der>N-dvb-yo:tl</der>
<infn>Stem 2</infn>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>crooked bolt of lightening</sense_e>
<sense_s>rayos chuecos que atraviesan el cielo</sense_s>
<sense_d>Oa</sense_d>
</sense_egroup>
<semfld>weather</semfld>
<root>a:</root>
<root>kwitsa</root>
<nae>The etymology of <koa>tla:kwitsahlo:tl</koa> is not clear. Provisionally it has been analyzed as a deverbal noun involving the stem <kroot>kwitsa</kroot>and the nominal stem <kroot>a:</kroot>'water.' The former might well have something to do with things that are crooked or zig-zag and the nominal stem adds the implication of 'water', which is often associated with lightening. No cognate forms have been found in the published sources for Nahuatl; neighboring villages should be checked. Note, finally, that the vowel length still needs to be carefully checked. The duration of the first syllable, with /a:/ as its nucleus, varied from about 78 and 88 ms for Florencia Marcelino and 89 and 82 ms for Inocencio Jim&#233;nez. Thus it could well represent a phonologically short vowel.</nae>
<qry_fon>Carefully recheck this word's vowels, particularly the initial one.</qry_fon>
<vl>Link 2nd female token and 2nd male token.</vl>
<semrefgroup>
<semref>kuwatsi:ntli</semref>
<semref_t>confer</semref_t>
<semref_d>Am</semref_d>
</semrefgroup>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>06354</ref>
<lxam_notes>yzzz</lxam_notes>
<lxoa>a:ma:xtlatl</lxoa>
<lxoa_c>a:ma:xtlatl</lxoa_c>
<dt>12/Feb/2006</dt>
<psm>N</psm>
<compound>N-N</compound>
<der>N-b</der>
<infn>Stem 2</infn>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>diaper</sense_e>
<sense_s>pa&#241;al</sense_s>
<sense_d>Oa</sense_d>
</sense_egroup>
<root>a:</root>
<root>ma:xtla</root>
<nse>According to Florencia Marcelino the possessed form of this noun is <koa>i:a:ma:xtla</koa>, i.e., with no <kn>-w</kn> possessed marker. In this way it manifests inalienable possession and parallels the possessed paradigm of <kloa>kwe:tli</kloa>. The possessed form of <koa>a:ma:xtlatl</koa>, therefore, lends support to the hypothesis that inalienable possession is zero-marked and not simply limited to certain forms that, in some dialects, have final /itl/ (e.g., <kn>kweitl</kn>). Another example that parallels the present case is <kloa>ixia:po:tetl</kloa>.</nse>
<grm>Nahuatl possession; inalienable: According to Florencia Marcelino the possessed form of /a:ma:xtlatl/ is <koa>i:a:ma:xtla</koa>, i.e., with no <kn>-w</kn> possessed marker. In this way it manifests inalienable possession and parallels the possessed paradigm of <kloa>kwe:tli</kloa>. The possessed form of <koa>a:ma:xtlatl</koa>, therefore, lends support to the hypothesis that inalienable possession is zero-marked and not simply limited to certain forms that, in some dialects, have final /itl/ (e.g., <kn>kweitl</kn>). Another example that parallels the present case is <kloa>ixia:po:tetl</kloa>.</grm>
<semrefgroup>
<semref>a:ma:xtlatsi:n</semref>
<semref_t>confer</semref_t>
<semref_d>Oa</semref_d>
</semrefgroup>
<semrefgroup>
<semref>tsi:nkwe:tli</semref>
<semref_t>synonym</semref_t>
<semref_d>Am</semref_d>
</semrefgroup>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>06380</ref>
<lxam>a:koxo:nia</lxam>
<lxam_c>ka:koxo:nia</lxam_c>
<lxoa>a:koxo:nia</lxoa>
<lxoa_c>ka:koxo:nia</lxoa_c>
<dt>09/Feb/2006</dt>
<lx_te>No</lx_te>
<psm>V2</psm>
<incorp>N-V2</incorp>
<der>V2-alt-ni(a)</der>
<trans>~Intrans</trans>
<infv>class-2a</infv>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>to slosh around in water (e.g., vegetables, beans, fruit such as strawberries, etc. to wash them)</sense_e>
<sense_s>agitar en agua (p. ej., verduras, frijoles, frutas como fresas, etc., para limpiarlas)</sense_s>
<sense_d>Oa</sense_d>
</sense_egroup>
<root>a:</root>
<root>koxo:</root>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>06381</ref>
<lxam_notes>yzzz</lxam_notes>
<lxoa>&#225;:xop&#243;:nia</lxoa>
<lxoa_pr>&#225;:xopo:nia</lxoa_pr>
<lxoa_c>k&#225;:xop&#243;:nia</lxoa_c>
<dt>11/Feb/2006</dt>
<lx_te>No</lx_te>
<psm>V2</psm>
<incorp>N-V2</incorp>
<der>V2-alt-ni(a)</der>
<trans>~Intrans</trans>
<lexical>Reduced rdp-s(vowel-l)</lexical>
<infv>class-2a</infv>
<pitch>yes-rdp</pitch>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>to cause a small water-filled blister on the skin of (sb, e.g., the animal known as <kam>mi:te:katl</kam> that alights on ones skins and leaves a small wet spot, <kam>i:a:xi:x</kam> , that turns into a small pimple-like blister)</sense_e>
<sense_s>hacerle salir una ampollita llena de agua a (algn, p. ej., como lo que pasa cuando el insecto llamado <kam>mi:te:katl</kam> se pone sobre la piel, dejando unas gotas de l&#237;quido, <kam>i:a:xi:x</kam> , en la piel donde despu&#233;s salen una erupci&#243;n como granito)</sense_s>
<sense_d>Oa</sense_d>
</sense_egroup>
<root>a:</root>
<root>xopo:</root>
<vl>Link 2nd female token.</vl>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>06391</ref>
<lxam_notes>yzzz</lxam_notes>
<lxoa>a:k&#243;:kotolop&#243;chyo</lxoa>
<lxoa_c>i:a:k&#243;:kotolop&#243;chyo</lxoa_c>
<dt>12/Feb/2006</dt>
<psm>N</psm>
<compound>N-N</compound>
<infn>N2</infn>
<pitch>yes-lex</pitch>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>Adam's apple</sense_e>
<sense_s>nuez de la garganta</sense_s>
<sense_d>Oa</sense_d>
</sense_egroup>
<semfld>body</semfld>
<root>a:</root>
<root>ko:koh</root>
<root>tolopoch</root>
<nae>Etymologically, Oapan Nahuatl <koa>i:a:k&#243;:kotolop&#243;chyo</koa> seems to derive from an compound noun whose second element is an undocumented abstract noun ? <koa>tolopochyo:tl</koa>. This analysis is based on the fact that body parts are possessed with <kn>-yo</kn> only when there is a contrasting type of alienable possession (as occurs with Oapan <koa>i:komitew</koa> and <koa>i:komiteyo</koa>). Since there is no potential contrast of <koa>i:a:k&#243;:kotolop&#243;chyo</koa> with ? <koa>i:a:k&#243;:kotol&#243;poch</koa> it would seem more plausible to interpret the final <kn>-yo</kn> as part of the noun stem itself, not a possessed marker. Pending evidence to the contrary, this is the analysis held for the morphological interpretation presented in this entry. Note, finall, that the pitch accent marked on <koa>i:a:k&#243;:kotol&#243;poch</koa> is a reflex of the final {h} in <koa>ko:koh</koa> 'front of the throat.'.</nae>
<qry>Note that this is the same (or similar, check) to /ko:kobuchih/ and /ko:kobande:rah/.</qry>
<semrefgroup>
<semref>buchih</semref>
<semref_t>equivalent</semref_t>
<semref_d>Am</semref_d>
</semrefgroup>
<semrefgroup>
<semref>ko:kobuchih</semref>
<semref_t>equivalent</semref_t>
<semref_d>Am</semref_d>
</semrefgroup>
<semrefgroup>
<semref>ko:kobande:rah</semref>
<semref_t>equivalent</semref_t>
<semref_d>Am</semref_d>
</semrefgroup>
<semrefgroup>
<semref>a:ko:koh</semref>
<semref_t>equivalent</semref_t>
<semref_d>Am</semref_d>
</semrefgroup>
<semrefgroup>
<semref>kechtolopochyo</semref>
<semref_t>equivalent</semref_t>
<semref_d>Oa</semref_d>
</semrefgroup>
<semrefgroup>
<semref>a:ko:koh</semref>
<semref_t>equivalent</semref_t>
<semref_d>Oa</semref_d>
</semrefgroup>
<semrefgroup>
<semref>ko:kobande:rah</semref>
<semref_t>equivalent</semref_t>
<semref_d>Oa</semref_d>
</semrefgroup>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>06397</ref>
<lxam_notes>yzzz</lxam_notes>
<lxoa>tla:pia:stli</lxoa>
<lxoa_c>tla:pia:stli</lxoa_c>
<dt>22/Oct/2005</dt>
<psm>N</psm>
<der>N-dvb-perf</der>
<infn>Stem 1(s)</infn>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>urine</sense_e>
<sense_s>orina</sense_s>
<sense_d>Oa</sense_d>
</sense_egroup>
<root>a:</root>
<root>piya:s</root>
<qry_fon>This word might well provide a very good acoustic illustraiton of the sequence /ia:/. Check and compare with other /ia/ sequences with a short /a/.</qry_fon>
<semrefgroup>
<semref>a:xi:xtli</semref>
<semref_t>synonym</semref_t>
<semref_d>Am</semref_d>
</semrefgroup>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>06415</ref>
<lxam>a:xopo:ni</lxam>
<lxam_c>a:xopo:ni</lxam_c>
<lxoa>&#225;:xop&#243;:ni</lxoa>
<lxoa_c>&#225;:xop&#243;:ni</lxoa_c>
<dt>12/Feb/2006</dt>
<lx_te>No</lx_te>
<psm>V1</psm>
<impers>tla-</impers>
<incorp>N-V1</incorp>
<der>V1-alt-ni</der>
<trans>~Trans</trans>
<lexical>Reduced rdp-s(vowel-l)</lexical>
<infv>class-3a</infv>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>to get blisters (on a part of the body)</sense_e>
<sense_s>salirle ampollas (a una persona sobre una parte del cuerpo)</sense_s>
<sense_d>Oa</sense_d>
</sense_egroup>
<root>a:</root>
<root>xopo:</root>
<qry>All words with /xopo:ni/ and /xoto:ni/ need to be checked and reviewed.</qry>
<qry_fon>Use the first high-pitched vowel here to determine possible duration of a long, high-pitched, initial /&#225;:/. Depending on how one measures vowel length (i.e., Florencia's /a/ seems to devoice earlier than Inocencio's before the fricative /sh/) the duration here is between 90 and 114 ms. This should give an idea of how initial long vowels seem quite a bit shorter than long vowels that are word internal. A study should be carried out on, for instance /a:/ from 'water' to determine the conditions leading to variation.</qry_fon>
<grmx>Oapan phonology; vowel length: Note in /&#225;:xop&#243;:ni/ has a definite long, high-pitched vowel. The duration seems to vary between 80 and 114 ms, although much depends on the measurement process (and decisions as to when to start/end the vowel measurement). But the very longest duration, from earliest incipient sound to the beginning of the fricative /sh/ is 114 ms. with Inocencio Jim&#233;nez. This is quite a bit shorter than long vowels that are word internal.</grmx>
<semrefgroup>
<semref>a:xoto:ni</semref>
<semref_t>equivalent</semref_t>
<semref_d>Am</semref_d>
</semrefgroup>
<semrefgroup>
<semref>&#225;:xot&#243;:ni</semref>
<semref_t>equivalent</semref_t>
<semref_d>Oa</semref_d>
</semrefgroup>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>06418</ref>
<lxam_notes>yzzz</lxam_notes>
<lxoa>a:ma:xtlatia</lxoa>
<lxoa_c>na:ma:xtlatia</lxoa_c>
<dt>12/Feb/2006</dt>
<lx_te>No</lx_te>
<psm>V2</psm>
<incorp>[N-N]-V2</incorp>
<der>V2-d-tia</der>
<infv>class-2a</infv>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>(refl.) to wrap (a cloth, skirt, etc.) around ones waist and legs (Ameyaltepec equivalent: <klam>ma:xtlatia</klam>)</sense_e>
<sense_s>(refl.) envolverse (con tela, una falda, etc.) por la cintura y piernas (equivalente de Ameyaltepec: <klam>ma:xtlatia</klam>)</sense_s>
<sense_d>Oa</sense_d>
</sense_egroup>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>(refl.) to pull ones skirt up and wrap it around ones legs (e.g., in order to climb up a ladder or a hill, when going to the fields to work; Ameyaltepec equivalent: <klam>ma:xtlatia</klam>)</sense_e>
<sense_s>(refl.) jalar la falda y envolverse las piernas con ella (p. ej., al subir una escalera o un cuesta arriba, o al ir a trabajar en el campo; equivalente de Ameyaltepec: <klam>ma:xtlatia</klam>)</sense_s>
<sense_d>Oa</sense_d>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>Xma:ma:xtlati!</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Oa</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>Draw your skirt around your legs.</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>Jale tu falda justo a tus piernas.</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
</sense_egroup>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>to put diapers on (Ameyaltepec equivalent: <klam>tsi:nkwe:tia</klam>)</sense_e>
<sense_s>poner panales a (equivalente de Ameyaltepec: <klam>tsi:nkwe:tia</klam>)</sense_s>
<sense_d>Oa</sense_d>
</sense_egroup>
<root>a:</root>
<root>ma:xtla</root>
<nse>Note that one acceptation is that of a woman pulling her skirt up tight around her legs in order to make it easier to work. However, in many villages when women go to the field to work they will wear pants. The reason for the <koa>a:-</koa> in Oapan Nahuatl is not clear.</nse>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>06437</ref>
<lxam_notes>yzzz</lxam_notes>
<lxoa>&#225;:tonkw&#237;stli</lxoa>
<lxoa_c>&#225;:tonkw&#237;stli</lxoa_c>
<dt>11/Feb/2006</dt>
<psm>N</psm>
<compound>Mod-N</compound>
<der>N-b</der>
<infn>Stem 1(s)</infn>
<pitch>yes</pitch>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>see <kloa>&#225;:tonkw&#237;stih</kloa></sense_e>
<sense_s>v&#233;ase <kloa>&#225;:tonkw&#237;stih</kloa></sense_s>
<sense_d>Oa</sense_d>
</sense_egroup>
<semfld>animal</semfld>
<semfld>marine</semfld>
<root>a:</root>
<root>tom</root>
<root>kwits</root>
<nse>Given that this word usually is found in the plural, it has been listed under <kloa>&#225;:tonkw&#237;stli</kloa>.</nse>
<grm>The form /a:tonkwilin/ is interesting for its morphology. It seems to take a reflexive verb (V-1-refl) and use the shortened stem as a modifier for the head noun form /kwilin/. Certainly, this would seem to be an unusual combination, and perhaps might be coded as S-N.</grm>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>06455</ref>
<lxam_notes>yzzz</lxam_notes>
<lxoa>tlapia:stlami</lxoa>
<lxoa_c>tlapia:stlami</lxoa_c>
<dt>11/Feb/2006</dt>
<lx_te>No</lx_te>
<psm>V1</psm>
<impers>tla-</impers>
<incorp>N-V1</incorp>
<der>V1-alt-mi(a)</der>
<trans>~Trans</trans>
<infv>class-3a(m)</infv>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>to urinate completely (emptying ones bladder so that one does not immediately need to go again)</sense_e>
<sense_s>terminar con la necesidad de orinar (para que no tiene que ir otra vez en seguida)</sense_s>
<sense_d>Oa</sense_d>
</sense_egroup>
<root>a:</root>
<root>piya:s</root>
<root>tlami</root>
<nse>This is usually used in the negative, as is the similar term <kloa>xi:xtlami</kloa>, indicating that the subject did not completely relieve himself.</nse>
<semrefgroup>
<semref>a:xi:xtlami</semref>
<semref_t>equivalent</semref_t>
<semref_d>Oa</semref_d>
</semrefgroup>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>06464</ref>
<lxam_notes>yzzz</lxam_notes>
<lxoa>a:kowatl</lxoa>
<lxoa_c>a:kowatl</lxoa_c>
<dt>12/Feb/2006</dt>
<psm>N</psm>
<compound>N-N</compound>
<der>N-b</der>
<infn>Stem 2</infn>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>type of striped snake still not identified</sense_e>
<sense_s>tipo de culebra con rayas, aparentemente llamada chicote en espa&#241;ol</sense_s>
<sense_d>Oa</sense_d>
</sense_egroup>
<semfld>animal</semfld>
<semfld>sn</semfld>
<ency_note>kowatl</ency_note>
<root>a:</root>
<root>kowa</root>
<nse>Apparently Oapan <koa>a:kowatl</koa> is the same as Ameyaltepec <klam>kowi:xkowatl</klam> or <klam>chikote:roh</klam> although this should be checked.</nse>
<nae>The /o/ in the speech tokens for <koa>a:kowatl</koa> seems to have an extended duration, although previously I had considered length to be neutralized in this position. It should be checked and compared with other tokens of the word <koa>kowatl</koa> as well as other cases of /o/ preceding /w/.</nae>
<qry_fon>Check /o/ here in /a:kowatl/. The spectrogram suggests the possibility of a long vowel. Note: The /o/ in the speech tokens for <koa>a:kowatl</koa> seems to have an extended duration, although previously I had considered length to be neutralized in this position. It should be checked and compared with other tokens of the word <koa>kowatl</koa> as well as other cases of /o/ preceding /w/.</qry_fon>
<semrefgroup>
<semref>kuwi:xkuwatl</semref>
<semref_t>equivalent</semref_t>
<semref_d>Am</semref_d>
</semrefgroup>
<semrefgroup>
<semref>chikote:roh</semref>
<semref_t>equivalent</semref_t>
<semref_d>Am</semref_d>
</semrefgroup>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>06589</ref>
<lxam_notes>yzzz</lxam_notes>
<lxoa>m&#237;:ska:x&#237;:xtli</lxoa>
<lxoa_c>m&#237;:ska:x&#237;:xtli</lxoa_c>
<dt>12/Feb/2006</dt>
<psm>N</psm>
<compound>N-N</compound>
<der>N-b</der>
<infn>Stem 1(x)</infn>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>balls of partially dried up resin or sap of the mesquite tree</sense_e>
<sense_s>bolitas de resina o savia parcialmente secas del misquite</sense_s>
<sense_d>Oa</sense_d>
</sense_egroup>
<semfld>plant</semfld>
<semfld>part</semfld>
<ency_note>barro; kuhtli</ency_note>
<root>mi:ski</root>
<root>a:</root>
<root>xi:x</root>
<nae>The motivation for pitch accent in Oapan Nahuatl <koa>m&#237;:ska:x&#237;:xtli</koa> is unclear. There appears to be no underlying coda {h} in any of the roots that make up this word, nor is there any obvious reduplicant. Perhaps the only possible analysis is that the initial /a:/ of <koa>a:xi:xtli</koa> reduplicates in a type of plural marking and that this pitch accent is then shifted to the left. But there is no reason, besides trying to explain pitch accent, to posit a reduplicant and, moreover, such reduplicants (pitch accent on the initial vowel of a vowel-initial stem) never seem to manifest readjustment or shift (cf. <koa>nokalt&#233;:s&#243;l</koa> and not * <koa>nok&#225;lt&#233;:sol</koa> or * <koa>nok&#225;lte:s&#243;l</koa>.</nae>
<mod>Add onomasiological discussion under barro on how ceramics are made, and under /kuhtli/ on the parts of a tree.</mod>
<mod>Add -w/yo inf under kopal and made sure -yo definition is given.</mod>
<qry_h>Check SJ or sim. dialects for motivation of p-a</qry_h>
<grmx>Pitch accent; Oapan phonology: The motivation for pitch accent in Oapan Nahuatl <koa>m&#237;:ska:x&#237;:xtli</koa> is unclear. There appears to be no underlying coda {h} in any of the roots that make up this word, nor is there any obvious reduplicant. Perhaps the only possible analysis is that the initial /a:/ of <koa>a:xi:xtli</koa> reduplicates in a type of plural marking and that this pitch accent is then shifted to the left. But there is no reason, besides trying to explain pitch accent, to posit a reduplicant and, moreover, such reduplicants (pitch accent on the initial vowel of a vowel-initial stem) never seem to manifest readjustment or shift (cf. <koa>nokalt&#233;:s&#243;l</koa> and not * <koa>nok&#225;lt&#233;:sol</koa>).</grmx>
<semrefgroup>
<semref>a:xi:xmi:skitl</semref>
<semref_t>equivalent</semref_t>
<semref_d>Am</semref_d>
</semrefgroup>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>06600</ref>
<lxam_notes>yzzz</lxam_notes>
<lxoa>a:k&#243;:kotolop&#243;xtik</lxoa>
<lxoa_c>a:k&#243;:kotolop&#243;xtik</lxoa_c>
<dt>22/Oct/2005</dt>
<psm>Adj</psm>
<compound>N-Adj</compound>
<der>Adj-dvb-wi-tik</der>
<pitch>yes-lex</pitch>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>to have a big Adam's apple</sense_e>
<sense_s>tener una nuez de la garganta grande</sense_s>
<sense_d>Oa</sense_d>
</sense_egroup>
<root>a:</root>
<root>ko:koh</root>
<root>tolopoch</root>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>06622</ref>
<lxam_notes>yzzz</lxam_notes>
<lxoa>komitechi:la:tl</lxoa>
<lxoa_c>komitechi:la:tl</lxoa_c>
<dt>22/Oct/2005</dt>
<psm>N</psm>
<compound>N-[N-N]</compound>
<der>N-b</der>
<infn>Stem 2</infn>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>broth with chile and one or various soup bones</sense_e>
<sense_s>caldo de chile con uno o m&#225;s huesos</sense_s>
<sense_d>Oa</sense_d>
</sense_egroup>
<root>omi</root>
<root>te</root>
<root>chi:l</root>
<root>a:</root>
<semrefgroup>
<semref>ka:ldoh de omitetl</semref>
<semref_t>synonym</semref_t>
<semref_d>Am</semref_d>
</semrefgroup>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>06675</ref>
<lxam_notes>yzzz</lxam_notes>
<lxoa>a:pitsahko</lxoa>
<lxoa_c>a:pitsahko</lxoa_c>
<dt>12/Feb/2006</dt>
<psm>Loc</psm>
<compound>N-Loc</compound>
<der>N-loc-?</der>
<infn>N1(loc)</infn>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>small stream of water that is left between a sandbar and the bank during the dry season</sense_e>
<sense_s>arroyito de agua que se corre en una vara de arena y la ribera del r&#237;o durante la temporada de secas</sense_s>
<sense_d>Oa</sense_d>
</sense_egroup>
<root>a:</root>
<root>pitsa:</root>
<root_rel>-ko</root_rel>
<qry>Check for /tla:lpitsahko/.</qry>
<qry_fon>The problem of duration of initial vowels is here illustrated. Florencia Marcelino has lengths of 78 and 84 ms; Inocencio Jim&#233;nez of 86 and 104 ms. Clearly with Florencia it would be hard to inequivocably state that the initial vowel is phonologically long. Probably a study should be conducted of the morpheme /a:/, one of the most common in Nahuatl, in different contexts.</qry_fon>
<vl>Link 2nd male token.</vl>
<semrefgroup>
<semref>a:pitsahtli</semref>
<semref_t>synonym</semref_t>
<semref_d>Oa</semref_d>
</semrefgroup>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>06702</ref>
<lxam_notes>yzzz</lxam_notes>
<lxoa>tla:la:tekomatl</lxoa>
<lxoa_c>tla:la:tekomatl</lxoa_c>
<dt>22/Oct/2005</dt>
<psm>N</psm>
<compound>N-N</compound>
<der>N-b</der>
<infn>Stem 2</infn>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>type of pitcher with one handle or ear</sense_e>
<sense_s>tipo de jarro con un solo agarradero</sense_s>
<sense_d>Oa</sense_d>
</sense_egroup>
<semfld>tool-house</semfld>
<root>tla:l</root>
<root>a:</root>
<root>tekoma</root>
<qry>Make sure that Oa /tla:la:tekomatl/ is the equivalent of Am /tla:ltekomatl/. At least the former seems to refer to a one-handled water jug.</qry>
<ilus_note>Illustrate</ilus_note>
<semrefgroup>
<semref>tla:ltekomatl</semref>
<semref_t>confer</semref_t>
<semref_d>Am</semref_d>
</semrefgroup>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>06720</ref>
<lxam>a:pan</lxam>
<lxam_c>a:pan</lxam_c>
<lxoa>a:pan</lxoa>
<lxoa_alt>a:pah</lxoa_alt>
<lxoa_c>a:pah, a:pan</lxoa_c>
<dt>11/Feb/2006</dt>
<psm>N</psm>
<der>N-loc-1-pan</der>
<infn>N1(loc)</infn>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>village well</sense_e>
<sense_s>pozo del pueblo</sense_s>
<sense_d>Am</sense_d>
</sense_egroup>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>river</sense_e>
<sense_s>r&#237;o</sense_s>
<sense_d>Oa</sense_d>
</sense_egroup>
<root>a:</root>
<root_rel>-pan</root_rel>
<nse>In Oapan <koa>a:pan</koa> is used in reference to the river and <koa>a:te:nko</koa> to the river's edge. On the other hand, in Ameyaltepec the village well is referred to as <kam>a:pan</kam> whereas the river is called <kam>a:te:nko</kam>.</nse>
<vl>Link 1st female token /a:pah/ and 1st male token.</vl>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>06730</ref>
<lxam_notes>yzzz</lxam_notes>
<lxoa>&#225;:tsono:k&#237;a</lxoa>
<lxoa_pr>&#225;:tsono:kia</lxoa_pr>
<lxoa_c>n&#225;:tsono:k&#237;a</lxoa_c>
<dt>11/Feb/2006</dt>
<lx_te>No</lx_te>
<psm>V2</psm>
<incorp>N-V2</incorp>
<der>V2-b</der>
<trans>+Refl/-trans</trans>
<lexical>Reduced rdp-s(vowel-l)</lexical>
<infv>class-2a</infv>
<pitch>yes-rdp</pitch>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>(refl.) to pour water over oneself (e.g., in bathing, instead of soaping oneself up and washing)</sense_e>
<sense_s>(refl.) verter agua sobre si mismo (p. ej., al ba&#241;arse, en lugar de usar jab&#243;n y ba&#241;arse bien)</sense_s>
<sense_d>Oa</sense_d>
</sense_egroup>
<nae>In Ameyaltepec the cognate <klam>a:tsotsono:kia</klam> is an intransitive verb meaning 'to vomit.' It has been given a different entry.</nae>
<root>a:</root>
<root>tson</root>
<root>no:ki</root>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>06775</ref>
<lxam>a:tili:ni</lxam>
<lxam_c>a:tili:ni</lxam_c>
<lxoa>a:tili:ni</lxoa>
<lxoa_c>a:tili:ni</lxoa_c>
<dt>09/Feb/2006</dt>
<lx_te>No</lx_te>
<psm>V1</psm>
<impers>tla-</impers>
<incorp>N-V1</incorp>
<der>V1-alt-ni</der>
<infv>class-3a</infv>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>to be satiated from drinking water (or similar liquids)</sense_e>
<sense_s>quedar satisfecho y lleno de haber bebido agua (u otro l&#237;quido)</sense_s>
<sense_d>Oa</sense_d>
</sense_egroup>
<root>a:</root>
<root>tili:</root>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>06776</ref>
<lxam_notes>yzzz</lxam_notes>
<lxoa>&#225;:chi:pol&#225;ki</lxoa>
<lxoa_pr>&#225;:chi:polaki</lxoa_pr>
<lxoa_c>&#225;:chi:pol&#225;ki</lxoa_c>
<dt>12/Feb/2006</dt>
<lx_te>No</lx_te>
<psm>V1</psm>
<impers>tla-</impers>
<incorp>N-Mod-V1</incorp>
<der>V1-b</der>
<lexical>Lex. rdp-s(vowel-l)</lexical>
<infv>class-3a(k)</infv>
<pitch>yes-rdp</pitch>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>to sink to the bottom of a body of water (a person who is drowning)</sense_e>
<sense_s>hundirse hasta en fondo en el agua (una persona ahog&#225;ndose)</sense_s>
<sense_d>Oa</sense_d>
</sense_egroup>
<root>a:</root>
<root>chi:-</root>
<root>polak</root>
<nse>The use of <koa>chi:-</koa> with the verb compound <koa>a:polaki</koa> indicates that the person is drowning. On the other hand <kloa>a:polaki</kloa>simply indicates that a person already in the water goes underneath the surface, voluntarily as in swimming or bathing. In Oapan <koa>&#225;:chi:pol&#225;ki</koa> is always used in the (reduced) reduplicated form.</nse>
<grm>/chi:-/: Re: /&#225;:chi:pol&#225;ki/. The use of <koa>chi:-</koa> with the verb compound <koa>a:polaki</koa> indicates that the person is drowning. On the other hand <kloa>a:polaki</kloa>simply indicates that a person already in the water goes underneath the surface, voluntarily as in swimming or bathing. In Oapan <koa>&#225;:chi:pol&#225;ki</koa> is always used in the (reduced) reduplicated form.</grm>
<xrefgroup>
<xref>&#225;:chi:pol&#225;htia</xref>
<xref_t>val_add_caus</xref_t>
<xref_d>Oa</xref_d>
</xrefgroup>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>06811</ref>
<lxam>a:ko:koteteki</lxam>
<lxam_c>ka:ko:koteteki</lxam_c>
<lxoa>a:k&#243;:kot&#233;tek&#237;</lxoa>
<lxoa_pr>a:ko:koteteki</lxoa_pr>
<lxoa_c>ka:k&#243;:kot&#233;tek&#237;</lxoa_c>
<dt>12/Feb/2006</dt>
<lx_te>No</lx_te>
<psm>V1</psm>
<impers>tla-</impers>
<incorp>N-V1</incorp>
<der>V1-b</der>
<lexical>Lex rdp-s</lexical>
<infv>class-3a(k)</infv>
<pitch>yes-lex</pitch>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>to cause a sharp pain in the throat of (e.g., strong drink, sth very salty, etc.)</sense_e>
<sense_s>causar un dolor en la garganta a (p. ej., una bebida fuerte, algo muy salado, etc.)</sense_s>
<sense_d>Oa</sense_d>
</sense_egroup>
<root>a:</root>
<root>ko:koh</root>
<root>teki</root>
<grmx>Oapan phonology; reduplication; pitch accent: Note the word /a:k&#243;:kot&#233;tek&#237;/. The first pitch accent is from the {h} of /a:ko:koh/. The second is from the coda {h} in the reduplicant, and the final is intonational. For an analysis of the possible reasons, cf /&#237;:xmop&#233;pey&#225;:stik/. Note that Florencia and Inocencio specifically denied the acceptability of */a:k&#243;:k&#243;:tek&#237;/ or similar forms.</grmx>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>06826</ref>
<lxam_notes>yzzz</lxam_notes>
<lxoa>&#225;:chi:pol&#225;htia</lxoa>
<lxoa_pr>&#225;:chi:polahtia</lxoa_pr>
<lxoa_c>k&#225;:chi:pol&#225;htia</lxoa_c>
<dt>09/Feb/2006</dt>
<lx_te>No</lx_te>
<psm>V2</psm>
<incorp>N-Mod-V2</incorp>
<der>V2-d-ca</der>
<infv>class-2a</infv>
<pitch>yes-rdp</pitch>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>to pull under water (as in drowning or trying to drown sb)</sense_e>
<sense_s>hundir en el agua (p. ej., en intentar ahogar o ahogar a algn)</sense_s>
<sense_d>Oa</sense_d>
</sense_egroup>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>(refl.) to splash around in the water (e.g., a pig in a puddle)</sense_e>
<sense_s>(refl.) revolcarse en el agua (p. ej., un marrano en un charco)</sense_s>
<sense_d>Oa</sense_d>
</sense_egroup>
<root>a:</root>
<root>chi:</root>
<root>polak</root>
<qry>Check whether this is always reduplicated with reduction on initial vowel.</qry>
<xrefgroup>
<xref>&#225;:chi:pol&#225;ki</xref>
<xref_t>verb_base</xref_t>
<xref_d>Oa</xref_d>
</xrefgroup>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>06827</ref>
<lxam>a:mi:miki</lxam>
<lxam_c>a:mi:miki</lxam_c>
<lxoa>a:mi:miki</lxoa>
<lxoa_cpend>a:mi:miki</lxoa_cpend>
<dt>05/Mar/2006</dt>
<lx_te>No</lx_te>
<psm>V1</psm>
<incorp>N-V1</incorp>
<der>V1-b</der>
<lexical>rdp.l</lexical>
<infv>class-3a(k)</infv>
<impers>-lo</impers>
<impers_d>Oa</impers_d>
<impers>-:lo</impers>
<impers_d>Am</impers_d>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>to drown (a person in water); to drown or to suffer from an abundance of water (a plant from too much water that comes from either rain or artificial watering)</sense_e>
<sense_s>ahogarse (una persona en agua); ahogarse o sufrir por una abundancia de agua (una planta por demasiada agua que viene de la lluvia o de medios artificiales)</sense_s>
<sense_d>Pending</sense_d>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>Na:mi:mikis.</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>I will drown.</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>Me voy a ahogar.</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>O:a:mi:mik nomi:l, xo:tla:k.</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>My cornfield got too much water (i.e., got root rot from too much water), it didn't yield.</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>Mi milpa se ech&#243;a perder por demasiada agua (esto es, se pudrieron las raices por tanta agua), no rindi&#243;.</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>Xkwahli tla:hli, a:mi:mikis, kose:wis.</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>The land is no good (in this case because it retains too much water), it (e.g., maize, sesame, etc.) will die from too much water, it will turn yellow.</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>La tierra no es buena (en este caso porque retiene demasiado agua), se va a morir (el ma&#237;z, ajonjol&#237;, etc.) por tanta agua, se va a amarillar.</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
</sense_egroup>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>to be unable to breathe (see <kloa>&#237;yo:mi:miki</kloa>)</sense_e>
<sense_s>no poder respirar (v&#233;ase <kloa>&#237;yo:mi:miki</kloa>)</sense_s>
<sense_d>Pending</sense_d>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>I:tech yo:ki:s ko:lo:tl, a:mi:mikis.</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>He has been affected by the bite of a scorpion, he will be unable to breathe.</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>Ya se le trab&#243;el piquete de un alacr&#225;n, no va a poder respirar.</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
</sense_egroup>
<root>a:</root>
<root>miki</root>
<xrefgroup>
<xref>a:mi:miktia</xref>
<xref_t>val_add_caus</xref_t>
<xref_d>Am</xref_d>
</xrefgroup>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>06836</ref>
<lxam_notes>yzzz</lxam_notes>
<lxoa>a:yo:tlami</lxoa>
<lxoa_c>a:yo:tlami</lxoa_c>
<dt>12/Feb/2006</dt>
<lx_te>No</lx_te>
<psm>V1</psm>
<impers>tla-</impers>
<incorp>N-V1</incorp>
<der>V1-alt-mi(a)</der>
<trans>~Trans</trans>
<infv>class-3a(m)</infv>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>for the water of to boil away (e.g., beans being boiled, tamales, corn, squash, etc., being steamed)</sense_e>
<sense_s>terminarsele el agua con que se cuece (p. ej., a frijoles cocidos, o elotes, tamales, calabaza, etc. cocidos al vapor)</sense_s>
<sense_d>Oa</sense_d>
</sense_egroup>
<root>a:</root>
<root>tlami</root>
<grm>Noun incorporation; intrinsic possession: Note here, and in other processes such as verbalizations in /-yo:tia/, how the intrinsic possession marker /yo:/ is part of the incorporated noun (or nominal stem with the verbalization). In the present case it is because the water that boils away is part of something (e.g., broth, fruits and vegetables, etc.).</grm>
<semrefgroup>
<semref>a:yo:tetso:liwi</semref>
<semref_t>synonym</semref_t>
<semref_d>Am, Oa</semref_d>
</semrefgroup>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>06837</ref>
<lxam>a:yo:tetso:liwi</lxam>
<lxam_c>a:yo:tetso:liwi</lxam_c>
<lxoa>a:yo:tetso:liwi</lxoa>
<lxoa_c>a:yo:tetso:liwi</lxoa_c>
<dt>09/Feb/2006</dt>
<lx_te>No</lx_te>
<psm>V1</psm>
<impers>tla-</impers>
<incorp>N-V1</incorp>
<der>V1-alt-wi</der>
<trans>~Trans</trans>
<infv>class-3a(w)</infv>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>for the water of to boil away (e.g., beans being boiled, tamales, corn, squash, etc., being steamed)</sense_e>
<sense_s>terminarsele el agua con que se cuece (p. ej., a frijoles cocidos, o elotes, tamales, calabaza, etc. cocidos al vapor)</sense_s>
<sense_d>Oa</sense_d>
</sense_egroup>
<root>a:</root>
<root>tso:l</root>
<semrefgroup>
<semref>a:yo:tlami</semref>
<semref_t>synonym</semref_t>
<semref_d>Oa</semref_d>
</semrefgroup>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>06848</ref>
<lxam_notes>yzzz</lxam_notes>
<lxoa>a:xi:xte:roh</lxoa>
<lxoa_c>a:xi:xte:roh</lxoa_c>
<dt>11/Feb/2006</dt>
<loan>(Sp) <klamoa>a:xi:xa</klamoa></loan>
<psm>N</psm>
<der>N-loan</der>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>person who urinates a lot</sense_e>
<sense_s>me&#243;n; alguien que orina mucho</sense_s>
<sense_d>Oa</sense_d>
</sense_egroup>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>bed-wetter</sense_e>
<sense_s>ni&#241;o que orina en la cama</sense_s>
<sense_d>Oa</sense_d>
</sense_egroup>
<root>a:</root>
<root>xi:xa</root>
<semrefgroup>
<semref>a:xi:xpal</semref>
<semref_t>confer</semref_t>
<semref_d>Am</semref_d>
</semrefgroup>
<semrefgroup>
<semref>a:xi:xaleh</semref>
<semref_t>confer</semref_t>
<semref_d>Am</semref_d>
</semrefgroup>
<semrefgroup>
<semref>a:xi:xtewe:i</semref>
<semref_t>confer</semref_t>
<semref_d>Oa</semref_d>
</semrefgroup>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>06878</ref>
<lxam_notes>yzzz</lxam_notes>
<lxoa>a:tala</lxoa>
<lxoa_c>a:tala</lxoa_c>
<dt>22/Oct/2005</dt>
<psm>N</psm>
<der>N-ap</der>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>person who drinks a lot of water; person who drinks a lot of water while eating (instead of after eating, as is the custom)</sense_e>
<sense_s>algn quien toma mucha agua; algn que toma mucha agua al comer (en lugar de despu&#233;s de comer, como es de costumbre)</sense_s>
<sense_d>Oa</sense_d>
</sense_egroup>
<root>a:</root>
<root>tala</root>
<vl>Link 2nd female and 1st male tokens.</vl>
<semrefgroup>
<semref>a:chi:kwa</semref>
<semref_t>synonym</semref_t>
<semref_d>Am</semref_d>
</semrefgroup>
<semrefgroup>
<semref>a:tlakwa:ni</semref>
<semref_t>synonym</semref_t>
<semref_d>Am</semref_d>
</semrefgroup>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>06895</ref>
<lxam_notes>yzzz</lxam_notes>
<lxoa>a:xi:xt&#233;sokwiy&#225;:ya</lxoa>
<lxoa_pr>a:xi:xtesokwiya:ya</lxoa_pr>
<lxoa_c>a:xi:xt&#233;sokwiy&#225;:ya</lxoa_c>
<dt>12/Feb/2006</dt>
<lx_te>No</lx_te>
<psm>V1</psm>
<impers>tla-</impers>
<incorp>[N-N]-S-V1</incorp>
<der>V1-para-ki/ya/lia</der>
<lexical>Lex. prefix <kn>te-</kn></lexical>
<infv>class-4b(ya-x)</infv>
<pitch>yes-lex</pitch>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>to acquire or become covered with the smell of urine</sense_e>
<sense_s>agarrar el olor a orina</sense_s>
<sense_d>Oa</sense_d>
</sense_egroup>
<root>a:</root>
<root>xi:x</root>
<root>sohkwi</root>
<root>hya:</root>
<nae>The etymology of <koa>a:xi:xt&#233;sokwiy&#225;:ya</koa> is not completely clear. The pitch accent derives at least from the final verbal root <kn>hya:</kn>, but this does not explain the shift of rising pitch to the /te-/ syllable. Usually incorporated nouns on the verbal or participial forms involving <kn>hya:</kn> are pitch accented on their penultimate syllable. Thus one has <kloa>a:kw&#237;tlay&#225;:ya</kloa>, etc. It is possible that a form such as <koa>a:xi:xt&#233;sokwiy&#225;:ya</koa> involves another underlying {h} in a position that cannot be determined since no comparative data (historical or from neighboring villages) are available. If the {h} were to close the syllable {teh} it is unclear why the high pitch would not shift left to /xi:x/, which has a long vowel and thus should attract stress, particularly to avoid clash. It might be, therefore, that the syllable {soh} has an underlying {h} and that there is some deletion of pitch accent based on the clash that derives from underlying {-te sohkwihya:ya}. Though at this point the reconstruction is speculative, this is perhaps the most likely explanation. There is evidence elsewhere that when there are two consecutive syllables with coda {h} that the consecutive pitch accents are reduced to one. Thus, it would be understandable, given this, that {a:xi:xtesohkwihya:ya} would reduce to [a:xi:xtes&#242;kwiy'a:ya] and that then there was a subsequen le</nae>
<grmx>The etymology of <koa>a:xi:xt&#233;sokwiy&#225;:ya</koa> is not completely clear. The pitch accent derives at least from the final verbal root <kn>hya:</kn>, but this does not explain the shift of rising pitch to the /te-/ syllable. Usually incorporated nouns on the verbal or participial forms involving <kn>hya:</kn> are pitch accented on their penultimate syllable. Thus one has <kloa>a:kw&#237;tlay&#225;:ya</kloa>, etc. It is possible that a form such as <koa>a:xi:xt&#233;sokwiy&#225;:ya</koa> involves another underlying {h} in a position that cannot be determined since no comparative data (historical or from neighboring villages) are available. However, if the {h} were to close the syllable {teh} it is unclear why the high pitch would not shift left to /xi:x/, which has a long vowel and thus should attract stress. It might be, therefore, that the syllable {soh} has an underlying {h} and that there is some deletion of pitch accent based on the clash that derives from underlying {-tesohkwihya:ya}. This is perhaps the most li kely ex planation, though at this point it is completely speculative.</grmx>
<semrefgroup>
<semref>a:xi:xkokoya:ya</semref>
<semref_t>synonym</semref_t>
<semref_d>Am</semref_d>
</semrefgroup>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>06896</ref>
<lxam_notes>yzzz</lxam_notes>
<lxoa>a:xi:xt&#233;sokw&#237;ya:k</lxoa>
<lxoa_c>a:xi:xt&#233;sokw&#237;ya:k</lxoa_c>
<dt>22/Oct/2005</dt>
<psm>Adj</psm>
<compound>N-Adj</compound>
<der>Adj-para-ki/ya/lia</der>
<pitch>yes-lex</pitch>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>to smell of urine</sense_e>
<sense_s>oler a orina</sense_s>
<sense_d>Oa</sense_d>
</sense_egroup>
<root>a:</root>
<root>xi:xa</root>
<root>sohkwi</root>
<root>hya:</root>
<qry>Check vowel pitch pattern.</qry>
<semrefgroup>
<semref>a:xi:xt&#233;sokwiy&#225;:ya</semref>
<semref_t>confer</semref_t>
<semref_d>Oa</semref_d>
</semrefgroup>
<semrefgroup>
<semref>a:xi:xkokoy&#225;:k</semref>
<semref_t>synonym</semref_t>
<semref_d>Am</semref_d>
</semrefgroup>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>06900</ref>
<lxam_notes>yzzz</lxam_notes>
<lxoa>tla:kwitsa:wi</lxoa>
<lxoa_c>tla:kwitsa:wi</lxoa_c>
<dt>09/Feb/2006</dt>
<lx_te>No</lx_te>
<psm>V0</psm>
<incorp>tla-V1</incorp>
<der>V1-b</der>
<infv>class-3a(w)</infv>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>for there to be crooked bolts of lightning (accompanied by thunder)</sense_e>
<sense_s>haber rayos que atraviesan el cielo (con truenos)</sense_s>
<sense_d>Oa</sense_d>
</sense_egroup>
<semfld>weather</semfld>
<root>a: kwitsa:</root>
<nde>No cognate forms have yet been noted in other dialects.</nde>
<vl>Link 2nd female and 2nd male tokens.</vl>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>06902</ref>
<lxam_notes>yzzz</lxam_notes>
<lxoa>a:k&#243;:koye:hch&#237;:wa</lxoa>
<lxoa_pr>a:ko:koye:hchi:wa</lxoa_pr>
<lxoa_c>na:k&#243;:koye:hch&#237;:wa</lxoa_c>
<dt>22/Feb/2006</dt>
<lx_te>No</lx_te>
<psm>V2(refl/only)</psm>
<compound>N-N-V2</compound>
<der>V2-b</der>
<trans>+Refl/-trans</trans>
<infv>class-3a(w)</infv>
<pitch>yes-lex</pitch>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>(refl.) to clear ones throat</sense_e>
<sense_s>(refl.) despejarse la garganta</sense_s>
<sense_d>Oa</sense_d>
</sense_egroup>
<root>a:</root>
<root>ko:koh</root>
<root>ye:k</root>
<root>chi:wa</root>
<semrefgroup>
<semref>ko:koye:kchi:wa</semref>
<semref_t>equivalent</semref_t>
<semref_d>Am</semref_d>
</semrefgroup>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>06903</ref>
<lxam_notes>yzzz</lxam_notes>
<lxoa>a:ma:xtlayoh</lxoa>
<lxoa_c>a:ma:xtlayoh</lxoa_c>
<dt>22/Oct/2005</dt>
<psm>Adj</psm>
<der>Adj-denom-yoh</der>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>to have a diaper on</sense_e>
<sense_s>tener un pa&#241;al puesto</sense_s>
<sense_d>Oa</sense_d>
</sense_egroup>
<root>a:</root>
<root>ma:xtl</root>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>06923</ref>
<lxam>a:mi:miktia</lxam>
<lxam_c>ka:mi:miktia</lxam_c>
<lxoa>a:mi:mihtia</lxoa>
<lxoa_c>ka:mi:mihtia</lxoa_c>
<dt>09/Feb/2006</dt>
<lx_te>No</lx_te>
<psm>V2</psm>
<incorp>N-V2</incorp>
<der>V2-d-ca</der>
<lexical>Lex. rdp-l</lexical>
<infv>class-2a</infv>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>to drown (sb, e.g, by forcing them underwater and holding them there)</sense_e>
<sense_s>ahogar a (algn, p. ej., al sumergirlo en el agua a fuerza)</sense_s>
<sense_d>Am, Oa</sense_d>
</sense_egroup>
<root>a:</root>
<root>miki</root>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>06926</ref>
<lxam_notes>yzzz</lxam_notes>
<lxoa>a:tlatla</lxoa>
<lxoa_c>a:tlatla</lxoa_c>
<dt>09/Feb/2006</dt>
<lx_te>No</lx_te>
<psm>V1</psm>
<impers>tla-</impers>
<incorp>N-V1</incorp>
<der>V1-b</der>
<lexical>Lex. rdp-s*</lexical>
<infv>class-4a</infv>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>to get burned from too much water (e.g., a maize plant in depressed land after heavy rains)</sense_e>
<sense_s>quemarse por una abundancia de agua (p. ej., la milpa en un terreno sumido despu&#233;s de mucha lluvia)</sense_s>
<sense_d>Am, Oa</sense_d>
</sense_egroup>
<semfld>agriculture</semfld>
<semfld>blight</semfld>
<root>a:</root>
<root>tla</root>
<semrefgroup>
<semref>a:chichinawi</semref>
<semref_t>synonym</semref_t>
<semref_d>Am</semref_d>
</semrefgroup>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>06949</ref>
<lxam_notes>yzzz</lxam_notes>
<lxoa>tlachi:la:te:ki:hli</lxoa>
<lxoa_c>tlachi:la:te:ki:hli</lxoa_c>
<dt>12/Feb/2006</dt>
<psm>N</psm>
<incorp>[tla-V2]-N</incorp>
<der>N-dvb-pas</der>
<infn>N1/2; Aln</infn>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>bean broth prepared with <kloa>ista:yetl</kloa>or <kloa>ka:xtilayetl</kloa></sense_e>
<sense_s>caldo de frijol preparado con <kloa>ista:kyetl</kloa>o <kloa>ka:xtilayetl</kloa></sense_s>
<sense_d>Oa</sense_d>
</sense_egroup>
<semfld>food</semfld>
<root>chi:l</root>
<root>a:</root>
<root>te:ka</root>
<mod>NOTE: for the field com. This should be carefully checked and include only compounding, i.e., an element compounded onto another, and not simply a string of roots. All this should be rechecked. I.e., it may be used for verbal compounds or nominal compounds, but not for nominalizations of various roots concatenated.</mod>
<semrefgroup>
<semref>yechi:la:tl</semref>
<semref_t>synonym</semref_t>
<semref_d>Am, Oa</semref_d>
</semrefgroup>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>06958</ref>
<lxam_notes>yzzz</lxam_notes>
<lxoa>a:tsi:nkwe:tli</lxoa>
<lxoa_c>a:tsi:nkwe:tli</lxoa_c>
<dt>11/Feb/2006</dt>
<psm>N</psm>
<compound>N-(N-N)</compound>
<der>N-b</der>
<infn>Stem 1(:)</infn>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>dress that is put on especially for crossing the river</sense_e>
<sense_s>falda que se utiliza especialmente para cruzar el r&#237;o</sense_s>
<sense_d>Oa</sense_d>
</sense_egroup>
<root>a:</root>
<root>tsi:n</root>
<root>kwe:</root>
<nse>This is a word mostly used in Analco, across the river from Oapan. It refers to a dress that is put on specifically to cross the river. Upon reaching the other side, Oapan, the <koa>a:tsi:nkwe:tli</koa> is left on the bank and a dry skirt is put on. Since women from Oapan seldom go to Analco, they have no need for an <koa>a:tsi:nkwe:tli</koa>.</nse>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>06959</ref>
<lxam_notes>yzzz</lxam_notes>
<lxoa>a:chi:patlatsa</lxoa>
<lxoa_c>na:chi:patlatsa</lxoa_c>
<dt>12/Feb/2006</dt>
<lx_te>No</lx_te>
<psm>V2</psm>
<incorp>N-PM-V2</incorp>
<der>V2-alt-ka/tsa[freq.]</der>
<trans>+Refl/-trans</trans>
<lexical>Reduced rdp-s*(prev-s)</lexical>
<infv>class-3a(ts)</infv>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>(refl.) to flap around (a fish on a wooden tray or on the earth) making a splashing sound; to flop around in water (e.g., a pig in a puddle)</sense_e>
<sense_s>(refl.) dar coletazos (un pez en una batea de madera, o sobre la tierra; un marrano en un charco) haciendo un ruido en el agua</sense_s>
<sense_d>Oa</sense_d>
</sense_egroup>
<root>a:</root>
<root>chi:</root>
<root>patla:</root>
<nae>The verb <koa>a:chi:patlatsa</koa> is perhaps a frequentative that has its reduplicant reduced onto the short vowel of the preceding modifying element <koa>chi-</koa>. Such reduction of the reduplicants of frequentatives is not common, but it is not undocumented. Nevertheless, although the /i:/ of <kn>chi:-</kn> appears to be of long duration, the acoustic evidence is not inequivocal. However, considering all possibilities, the most likely etymology and underlying form would be {a: + chi + rdp-s + patlatsa}. The absence of pitch accent is also in accord with a frequentative since these forms do not have coda {h} in the reduplicants.</nae>
<vl>Link 2nd female token and 2nd male token.</vl>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>06960</ref>
<lxam>a:komo:nia</lxam>
<lxam_c>na:komo:nia</lxam_c>
<lxoa>a:komo:nia</lxoa>
<lxoa_c>na:komo:nia</lxoa_c>
<dt>09/Feb/2006</dt>
<lx_te>No</lx_te>
<psm>V2</psm>
<compound>N-V2</compound>
<der>V2-alt-ni(a)</der>
<trans>+Refl/-trans</trans>
<infv>class-2a</infv>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>(refl.) to make water splash loudly by hitting it hard with one hand (e.g., young people playing in the river)</sense_e>
<sense_s>(refl.) chapotear el agua para que hace un ruido fuerte al golpearla con la mano (p. ej., jovenes jugando en el r&#237;o)</sense_s>
<sense_d>Oa</sense_d>
</sense_egroup>
<root>a:</root>
<root>komo:</root>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>07028</ref>
<lxam_notes>yzzz</lxam_notes>
<lxoa>a:kwe:roh</lxoa>
<lxoa_c>a:kwe:roh</lxoa_c>
<dt>11/Feb/2006</dt>
<loan>(part) <spn>cuero</spn></loan>
<psm>N</psm>
<compound>N-N</compound>
<der>N-loan</der>
<infn>N1</infn>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>type of water worm still not positively identified</sense_e>
<sense_s>tipo de gusano de agua todav&#237;a no identificado definitivamente</sense_s>
<sense_d>Oa</sense_d>
</sense_egroup>
<semfld>animal</semfld>
<semfld>marine</semfld>
<root>a:</root>
<nse>This is not classified as a <klam>michin</klam>.</nse>
<semrefgroup>
<semref>a:kwilin</semref>
<semref_t>equivalent</semref_t>
<semref_d>Am</semref_d>
</semrefgroup>
<semrefgroup>
<semref>a:kwetlaxtli</semref>
<semref_t>equivalent</semref_t>
<semref_d>Oa</semref_d>
</semrefgroup>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>07029</ref>
<lxam_notes>yzzz</lxam_notes>
<lxoa>a:kwetlaxtli</lxoa>
<lxoa_alt>a:kwitlaxtli</lxoa_alt>
<lxoa_c>a:kwitlaxtli</lxoa_c>
<dt>12/Feb/2006</dt>
<psm>N</psm>
<compound>N-N</compound>
<der>N-b</der>
<infn>Stem 1(x)</infn>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>type of water worm still not positively identified</sense_e>
<sense_s>tipo de gusano de agua todav&#237;a no identificado definitivamente</sense_s>
<sense_d>Oa</sense_d>
</sense_egroup>
<semfld>animal</semfld>
<semfld>marine</semfld>
<root>a:</root>
<root>kwetlax</root>
<nse>According to Paulina Pantale&#243;n and others of her family, the <koa>a:kwetlaxtli</koa> turns into a dragonfly, which they called <koa>a:kweyachin</koa>. But other consultants did not confirm this. They said they did not know of the animal called <koa>a:kweyachin</koa> and added that the dragonfly is called, in Oapan, <kboa>&#225;a:bi&#243;ntsi:n</kboa>. The <koa>a:kwetlaxtli</koa> is used as fishing bait.</nse>
<notes_nature>This is not classified as a <klam>michin</klam>.</notes_nature>
<qry_fon>Check quality of second vowel; also check recording. I had originally had this entry as /a:kwitlaxtli/ but recently in the field have heard it pronounced as /a:kwetlaxtli/.</qry_fon>
<semrefgroup>
<semref>a:kwilin</semref>
<semref_t>equivalent</semref_t>
<semref_d>Am</semref_d>
</semrefgroup>
<semrefgroup>
<semref>a:kwe:roh</semref>
<semref_t>equivalent</semref_t>
<semref_d>Oa</semref_d>
</semrefgroup>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>07085</ref>
<lxam_notes>yzzz</lxam_notes>
<lxoa>a:tsi:nkwe:tia</lxoa>
<lxoa_c>na:tsi:nkwe:tia</lxoa_c>
<dt>11/Feb/2006</dt>
<lx_te>No</lx_te>
<psm>V2</psm>
<compound>N-(N-V2)</compound>
<der>V2-d-tia</der>
<trans>+Refl/-trans</trans>
<infv>class-2a</infv>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>(refl.) to put on ones <kloa>a:tsi:nkwe:tli</kloa>, a dress used for crossing the river</sense_e>
<sense_s>(refl.) ponerse una <kloa>a:tsi:nkwe:tli</kloa>, una falda que se utiliza especialmente para cruzar el r&#237;o</sense_s>
<sense_d>Oa</sense_d>
</sense_egroup>
<root>a:</root>
<root>tsi:n</root>
<root>kwe:</root>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>07128</ref>
<lxam_notes>yzzz</lxam_notes>
<lxoa>kwitlaxkola:yo:tl</lxoa>
<lxoa_alt>witlaxkola:yo:tl</lxoa_alt>
<lxoa_c>kwitlaxkola:yo:tl, witlaxkola:yo:tl</lxoa_c>
<dt>11/Feb/2006</dt>
<psm>N</psm>
<compound>N-N</compound>
<der>N-d-yo:tl</der>
<semfld>food</semfld>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>type of food made of chicken intestines that are sliced open and cleaned and then boiled in <kloa>chi:la:tl</kloa></sense_e>
<sense_s>tipo de comida que se hace de los intestinos de pollos abiertos a lo largo, limpiados y hervidos en <kloa>chi:la:tl</kloa></sense_s>
<sense_d>Oa</sense_d>
</sense_egroup>
<root>kwitlaxkol</root>
<root>a:</root>
<qry_fon>Check for absence of initial /k/ in Inocencio Jimenez's pronunciation of this bird.</qry_fon>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>07141</ref>
<lxam>pa:to</lxam>
<lxam_cpend>pa:to</lxam_cpend>
<lxoa>a:pato</lxoa>
<lxoa_c>a:pato</lxoa_c>
<dt>22/Oct/2005</dt>
<loan>(part) <spn>pato</spn></loan>
<psm>N</psm>
<compound>N-N</compound>
<der>N-loan</der>
<infn>N1</infn>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>type of duck, which looks like the Sungrebe, <l>Heliornis fuliaca</l>, but is probably a member of the <l>Anas</l>genus.</sense_e>
<sense_s>tipo de pato, p&#225;jaro peque&#241;o que se clava abajo del agua; parece al&quot;Sungrebe,&quot; <l>Heliornis fuliaca</l>, aunque probablemente es del g&#233;nero <l>Anas</l>.</sense_s>
<sense_d>Oa</sense_d>
</sense_egroup>
<src_s>Roberto Mauricio, Oapan, from Howell and Webb, 1995: Pl.</src_s>
<semfld>animal</semfld>
<semfld>bird</semfld>
<root>a:</root>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>07269</ref>
<lxam>a:tlahke:tl</lxam>
<lxam_c>a:tlahke:tl</lxam_c>
<lxoa>&#225;:tlahk&#233;:tl</lxoa>
<lxoa_cpend>&#225;:tlahk&#233;:tl</lxoa_cpend>
<dt>22/Oct/2005</dt>
<psm>N</psm>
<der>N-ag-ke:tl</der>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>person who brings water from a well, tank, river, etc.</sense_e>
<sense_s>persona que acarrea agua de un pozo, dep&#243;sito, r&#237;o, etc.</sense_s>
<sense_d>Oa</sense_d>
</sense_egroup>
<root>a:</root>
<root>kwi</root>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>07273</ref>
<lxam_notes>yzzz</lxam_notes>
<lxoa>yea:yo:tl</lxoa>
<lxoa_cpend>yea:yo:tl</lxoa_cpend>
<dt>12/Feb/2006</dt>
<psm>N</psm>
<compound>N-N</compound>
<der>N-denon-yo:tl</der>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>bean broth</sense_e>
<sense_s>caldo de frijoles hervidos</sense_s>
<sense_d>Oa</sense_d>
</sense_egroup>
<root>ye</root>
<root>a:</root>
<grm>Incorporation: Note here again that in Ameyaltepec (cf. previous entry) the form used is /i:a:yo yetl/. This illustrates a general tendency for less incorporation in Am forms. Cf. the discussion with C. Flores for this word.</grm>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>07303</ref>
<lxam_notes>yzzz</lxam_notes>
<lxoa>a:xonakatl</lxoa>
<lxoa_cpend>a:xonakatl</lxoa_cpend>
<dt>22/Oct/2005</dt>
<psm>N</psm>
<compound>N-N</compound>
<der>N-b</der>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e><l>Cyperus odoratus</l>L., a type of sedge (Cyperaceae family) noted for its bulbous root that smells like garlic</sense_e>
<sense_s><l>Cyperus odoratus</l>L., un tipo de Cyperaceae (familia) conocido por su ra&#237;z bulbosa que huele como de ajos</sense_s>
<sense_d>Oa</sense_d>
</sense_egroup>
<semfld>plant</semfld>
<semfld>xiwtli</semfld>
<root>a:</root>
<root>xonak</root>
<semrefgroup>
<semref>sakaa:jos</semref>
<semref_t>equivalent</semref_t>
<semref_d>Am</semref_d>
</semrefgroup>
<semrefgroup>
<semref>i:xonak a:ketspalin</semref>
<semref_t>equivalent</semref_t>
<semref_d>Oa</semref_d>
</semrefgroup>
<semrefgroup>
<semref>x&#243;xonak&#225;tsi:n</semref>
<semref_t>equivalent</semref_t>
<semref_d>Oa</semref_d>
</semrefgroup>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>07327</ref>
<lxam_notes>yzzz</lxam_notes>
<lxoa>a:ispaltomatl</lxoa>
<lxoa_cpend>a:ispaltomatl</lxoa_cpend>
<dt>22/Oct/2005</dt>
<psm>N</psm>
<compound>N-N</compound>
<der>N-b</der>
<semfld>plant</semfld>
<semfld>xiwtli</semfld>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>type of herbaceous plant with edible fruit, still not identified</sense_e>
<sense_s>tipo de planta herb&#225;cea con fruta comestible, todav&#237;a no identificada</sense_s>
<sense_d>Oa</sense_d>
</sense_egroup>
<root>a:</root>
<root>ketspal</root>
<root>toma</root>
<qry>Recheck and confirm that this is /a:ispaltomatl/ and not /a:ispalintomatl/.</qry>
<semrefgroup>
<semref>ketspaltomatl</semref>
<semref_t>equivalent</semref_t>
<semref_d>Am</semref_d>
</semrefgroup>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>07368</ref>
<lxam_notes>yzzz</lxam_notes>
<lxoa>a:itsmitl</lxoa>
<lxoa_cpend>a:itsmitl</lxoa_cpend>
<dt>11/Feb/2006</dt>
<psm>N</psm>
<compound>N-N</compound>
<der>N-b</der>
<semfld>plant</semfld>
<semfld>xiwtli</semfld>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>one of two types of <kloa>tetsmitl</kloa>, still not identified</sense_e>
<sense_s>uno de dos tipos de <kloa>tetsmitl</kloa>, todav&#237;a no identificado</sense_s>
<sense_d>Oa</sense_d>
</sense_egroup>
<root>a:</root>
<root>tetsmi</root>
<notes_nature>This variety of <koa>testmitl</koa> grows along the river's edge and is not edible.</notes_nature>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>07377</ref>
<lxam_notes>yzzz</lxam_notes>
<lxoa>yea:pa:ka</lxoa>
<lxoa_cpend>yea:pa:ka</lxoa_cpend>
<dt>09/Feb/2006</dt>
<lx_te>No</lx_te>
<psm>V1</psm>
<impers>tla-</impers>
<incorp>N-N-V2</incorp>
<der>V2-b</der>
<infv>class-3a(k)</infv>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>to wash beans in water</sense_e>
<sense_s>lavar frijoles en agua</sense_s>
<sense_d>Oa</sense_d>
</sense_egroup>
<root>ye</root>
<root>a:</root>
<root>pa:ka</root>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>07382</ref>
<lxam_notes>yzzz</lxam_notes>
<lxoa>chi:la:te:kia</lxoa>
<lxoa_cpend>kichi:la:te:kia</lxoa_cpend>
<dt>09/Feb/2006</dt>
<lx_te>No</lx_te>
<psm>V2</psm>
<incorp>N-N-V2</incorp>
<der>V2-b</der>
<infv>class-2a</infv>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>to cook in chile broth (without lard)</sense_e>
<sense_s>cocinar en caldo con chile (y no manteca)</sense_s>
<sense_d>Oa</sense_d>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>San kichi:la:te:kiyah.</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Oa</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>They just cook it in chile broth (i.e., without fat).</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>Solamente lo cuecen en caldo de chile (esto es, sin manteca).</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
</sense_egroup>
<root>chi:l</root>
<root>a:</root>
<root>te:ka</root>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>07437</ref>
<lxam_notes>yzzz</lxam_notes>
<lxoa>a:waxo:tl</lxoa>
<lxoa_cpend>a:waxo:tl</lxoa_cpend>
<dt>22/Oct/2005</dt>
<psm>N</psm>
<compound>N-N</compound>
<der>N-b</der>
<semfld>plant</semfld>
<semfld>kohtli (pending)</semfld>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>type of tree that grows near the river, still unidentified</sense_e>
<sense_s>tipo de&#225;rbol que crece cerca del r&#237;o, todav&#237;a no identificado</sense_s>
<sense_d>Oa</sense_d>
</sense_egroup>
<root>a:</root>
<root>waxo:</root>
<qry>Etymology still uncertain.</qry>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>07475</ref>
<lxam>a:mi:ltomatl</lxam>
<lxam_c>a:mi:ltomatl</lxam_c>
<dt>12/Feb/2006</dt>
<psm>N</psm>
<compound>N-N-N</compound>
<der>N-b</der>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>tomatillo or green tomato</sense_e>
<sense_s>tomate (de c&#225;scara verde)</sense_s>
<sense_d>Am</sense_d>
</sense_egroup>
<semfld>plant</semfld>
<semfld>edible</semfld>
<root>a:</root>
<root>mi:l</root>
<root>toma:</root>
<ency_note>tomatl</ency_note>
<notes_nature>Ram&#237;rez (1991) does not list the <kam>a:mi:ltomatl</kam> ; Ram&#237;rez and Dakin (1979) give it as 'tomatillo de c&#225;scara verde.' Schoenhals (1988) lists tomate silvestre and tomate verde, and refers both to tomate de c&#225;scara, where she states:&quot;1. (Physalisspp. e.g., P. pubescens) 'ground cherry,' 'wild tomato,' husk tomato,' 'strawberry tomate' Grows in temperate climates. The calyx covers the fruit like a husk. Used in salsa de tomate. Also called guajtomate, miltomate, tomate silvestre, tomate verde, tomatillo, tomatillo del campo.&quot;</notes_nature>
<mod>Note that given that the Am and Oa forms have different etymologies/roots, they have been given two different entries.</mod>
<grm>Discuss that perhaps /tomatl/ has a shortened final vowel (cf. /toma:wi/, etc.) as does /xokotl/ (cf. /xoko:ya/). This should be in a section on phonology/vowel shortening and lengthening.</grm>
<semrefgroup>
<semref>mi:ltomatl</semref>
<semref_t>synonym</semref_t>
<semref_d>Oa</semref_d>
</semrefgroup>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>07525</ref>
<lxam>a:to:po:lin</lxam>
<lxam_c>a:to:po:lin</lxam_c>
<lxgen>a:to:po:lin</lxgen>
<lxvar>Tetel</lxvar>
<dt>12/Feb/2006</dt>
<psm>N</psm>
<compound>N-N</compound>
<der>N-b-in</der>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>type of tree that grows at the river's edge</sense_e>
<sense_s>tipo de&#225;rbol que crece a la orilla del r&#237;o</sense_s>
<sense_d>Am</sense_d>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>A:to:po:lin | Ite:nko a:te:ntli unkah. Xtlah para.</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e><kam>A:to:po:lin</kam> : It is found at the river's edge. It's not used for anything.</phrase_e>
<phrase_s><kam>A:to:po:lin</kam> : Se encuentra por la ribera del r&#237;o. No se usa para nada.</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
</sense_egroup>
<semfld>plant</semfld>
<semfld>kohtli</semfld>
<root>a:</root>
<root>to:po:l</root>
<notes_nature>Ram&#237;rez (1991) gives the Spanish name for this tree as <spn>peloncillo</spn>, stating that it is of the family Rubiaceae. Guizar and S&#225;nchez (1991:182) give a tree with the Spanish name <spn>atopol</spn> or <spn>atepule</spn> of the family Rubiaceaeand genus/species Cephalanthus occidentalis. The illustration matches that of Ram&#237;rez. They also give two other trees of this family: Hintonia standleyanaand Randia echinocarpa. Ram&#237;rez and Dakin (1979) identify this as the <spn>rosal de agua</spn>.</notes_nature>
<qry>Final root uncertain. Check vowel length, particularly first /o/.</qry>
<semrefgroup>
<semref>tesontsi:n</semref>
<semref_t>synonym</semref_t>
<semref_d>Oa</semref_d>
</semrefgroup>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>07527</ref>
<lxam>ikxia:pio:tsi:n</lxam>
<lxam_c>ikxia:pio:tsi:n</lxam_c>
<dt>12/Feb/2006</dt>
<psm>Adj</psm>
<pss>P1; TM</pss>
<compound>N-(N-N)</compound>
<der>N-tsi:n</der>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>to have skinny, bird-like legs</sense_e>
<sense_s>tener las piernas delgadas como las de un p&#225;jaro</sense_s>
<sense_d>Am</sense_d>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>Tikwelita wa:n cho ikxia:pio:tsi:n.</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>You like her and she has skinny legs (like those of an <kam>a:pio:tsi:n</kam>).</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>Te gusta aunque tiene las piernas muy delgadas (como las de un <kam>a:pio:tsi:n</kam>).</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
</sense_egroup>
<root>kxi</root>
<root>a:</root>
<root>pio</root>
<nae>Although this compound form is derived from two nominal stems the second stem, <klam>a:pio:tsi:n</klam> , is used in a modifying function to indicate a characteristic of the possessor-raised noun. The modifying use of the nominal stem is typical in that a particular aspect of the referent, in this case skinny legs, is taken as the defining characteristic of a modified noun (much like 'lion' for 'brave' in 'John is a lion.').</nae>
<grm>Adjectivals; attributive nouns: Re: /ikxia:pio:tsi:n/ Although this compound form is derived from two nominal stems the second stem, <klam>a:pio:tsi:n</klam> , is used in a modifying function to indicate a characteristic of the possessor-raised noun. The modifying use of the nominal stem is typical in that a particular aspect of the referent, in this case skinny legs, is taken as the defining characteristic of a modified noun (much like 'lion' for 'brave' in 'John is a lion.').</grm>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>07544</ref>
<lxam>a:manahli</lxam>
<lxam_c>*a:manahli</lxam_c>
<dt>22/Oct/2005</dt>
<psm>N</psm>
<compound>N-N</compound>
<der>N-dvb-pas</der>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>standing water</sense_e>
<sense_s>agua estancada</sense_s>
<sense_d>Am</sense_d>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>Xkoni tewa un a:manahli!</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>You be the one to drink that sitting water!</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>&#161;T&#243;mate tu&#233;sa agua estancada!</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
</sense_egroup>
<root>a:</root>
<root>man</root>
<semrefgroup>
<semref>a:mantli</semref>
<semref_t>synonym</semref_t>
<semref_d>Oa</semref_d>
</semrefgroup>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>07582</ref>
<lxam>a:wa:xin</lxam>
<lxam_c>a:wa:xin</lxam_c>
<dt>12/Feb/2006</dt>
<psm>N</psm>
<compound>N-N</compound>
<der>N-b-in</der>
<infn>Stem 4</infn>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e><l>Leucaena leucocephala</l>(Lam.) DeWit, <spn>guaje</spn> of the Fabaceae (ex Leguminosae) family with edible fruit</sense_e>
<sense_s><l>Leucaena leucocephala</l>(Lam.) DeWit, <spn>guaje</spn> de la familia Fabaceae (ex Leguminosae) con frutos comestibles</sense_s>
<sense_d>Am</sense_d>
</sense_egroup>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>fruit of the tree of this name</sense_e>
<sense_s>fruta del&#225;rbol de este nombre</sense_s>
<sense_d>Am</sense_d>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>A:wa:xin | Nokwa, tla:ki ipan septie:mbreh, xtlah para.</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<src_p>Luis Lucena (personal communication)</src_p>
<phrase_e>It (the fruit of the <kam>a:waxkuhtli</kam>) is edible, the tree bears fruit in September, it (i.e., its wood) is not good for anything.</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>Es (la fruta del <kam>a:waxkuhtli</kam>) se come, el&#225;rbol rinde su fruta en septiembre, no es bueno (esto es, su madera) para nada.</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
</sense_egroup>
<semfld>plant</semfld>
<semfld>kohtli</semfld>
<semfld>edible</semfld>
<root>a:</root>
<root>wa:x</root>
<nse>The <kam>a:wa:xin</kam> fruit is eaten in September. In Ameyaltepec there are few of these trees, which are so named because they grow near the water or river. In Oapan, given that people live along the river banks and this tree grows in housesites, it is called <kam>kalwa:xin</kam>.</nse>
<semrefgroup>
<semref>a:wa:xkohtli</semref>
<semref_t>equivalent</semref_t>
<semref_d>Am</semref_d>
</semrefgroup>
<semrefgroup>
<semref>kalwa:xin</semref>
<semref_t>equivalent</semref_t>
<semref_d>Oa</semref_d>
</semrefgroup>
<semrefgroup>
<semref>kalwa:xkohtli</semref>
<semref_t>equivalent</semref_t>
<semref_d>Oa</semref_d>
</semrefgroup>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>07585</ref>
<lxam>a:yoh</lxam>
<lxam_c>a:yoh</lxam_c>
<lxoa>a:yoh</lxoa>
<lxoa_cpend>a:yoh</lxoa_cpend>
<dt>22/Oct/2005</dt>
<psm>Adj</psm>
<der>V2-para-h/wa/tia</der>
<trans>~Intrans</trans>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>juicy (a fruit, etc.)</sense_e>
<sense_s>jugoso (una fruta, etc.)</sense_s>
<sense_d>Pending</sense_d>
</sense_egroup>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>(with a human subject) to have the characteristic of bringing rain as one appears in a village</sense_e>
<sense_s>(con un sujeto humano) tener el poder o el caracter de traer lluvia consigo</sense_s>
<sense_d>Oa</sense_d>
</sense_egroup>
<root>a:</root>
<qry>I have added this entry. It should be rechecked. Check for /a:yowa/.</qry>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>07594</ref>
<lxam_notes>yzzz</lxam_notes>
<lxoa>&#225;:yot&#237;k</lxoa>
<lxoa_cpend>&#225;:yot&#237;k</lxoa_cpend>
<dt>22/Oct/2005</dt>
<psm>Adj</psm>
<der>Adj-tik-yoh</der>
<pitch>yes</pitch>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>to be watery</sense_e>
<sense_s>ser aguado</sense_s>
<sense_d>Oa</sense_d>
</sense_egroup>
<root>a:</root>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>07619</ref>
<lxam>a:yoyontsi:n</lxam>
<lxam_c>a:yoyontsi:n</lxam_c>
<dt>11/Feb/2006</dt>
<psm>N</psm>
<compound>N-N</compound>
<der>N-tsi:n</der>
<lexical>Lex. rdp-s</lexical>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>type of flying insect, apparently a type of dragonfly, that skims the top of the water in a pool, river, stream, etc.</sense_e>
<sense_s>tipo de insecto, aparentemente una lib&#233;lula, que vuela y pasa ligeramente sobre la superficie del agua de un r&#237;o, lago, charco, etc.</sense_s>
<sense_d>Pending</sense_d>
</sense_egroup>
<semfld>animal</semfld>
<semfld>insect</semfld>
<root>a:</root>
<root>yoma</root>
<nse>Apparently the name of this insect derives from the motion it makes while skimming the surface of water.</nse>
<notes_nature>Ram&#237;rez and Dakin (1979) have <kn>teyoyontsin</kn> for 'lib&#233;lula.'</notes_nature>
<qry>Recheck length in /tsi:n/.</qry>
<semrefgroup>
<semref>&#225;a:bi&#243;:ntsi:n</semref>
<semref_t>equivalent</semref_t>
<semref_d>Oa</semref_d>
</semrefgroup>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>07623</ref>
<lxam_notes>yzzz</lxam_notes>
<lxoa>ma:&#225;:xop&#243;:nia</lxoa>
<lxoa_cpend>kima:&#225;:xop&#243;:nia</lxoa_cpend>
<dt>12/Feb/2006</dt>
<lx_te>No</lx_te>
<psm>V2</psm>
<incorp>N-V2</incorp>
<der>V2-alt-ni(a)</der>
<trans>~Intrans</trans>
<lexical>Reduced rdp-s(vowel-l)</lexical>
<infv>class-2a</infv>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>to cause a blister (of the type that has water inside and pops) on the hand of</sense_e>
<sense_s>hacer salir una ampolla (de las que tienen agua adentro y se revientan) en la mano de</sense_s>
<sense_d>Oa</sense_d>
</sense_egroup>
<root>ma:</root>
<root>a:</root>
<root>xopo:</root>
<qry>For now I have categorized the trans field as from reflective, indicating that this comes from a nondirected alternation verb. Note that /xopo:ni/, /xopo:nia/ and /xopo:naltia/ exist (either alone or in combination). This should be checked and the categorization changed accordingly.</qry>
<semrefgroup>
<semref>ma:xopo:naltia</semref>
<semref_t>synonym</semref_t>
<semref_d>Am</semref_d>
</semrefgroup>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>07631</ref>
<lxam_notes>yzzz</lxam_notes>
<lxoa>ma:po:te</lxoa>
<lxoa_cpend>i:ma:po:te</lxoa_cpend>
<dt>11/Feb/2006</dt>
<psm>N</psm>
<compound>N-(N-N)</compound>
<der>N-b</der>
<infn>N2</infn>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>large biceps</sense_e>
<sense_s>b&#237;ceps grandes;&quot;conejos&quot;</sense_s>
<sense_d>Oa</sense_d>
</sense_egroup>
<semfld>body</semfld>
<semfld>human</semfld>
<root>ma:</root>
<root>a:</root>
<root>po:te</root>
<nse>In this metaphor, a persons biceps, when large, are likened to a <klam>xi:lo:tl</klam>. Occasionally this will be pronounced without a final /w/.</nse>
<qry>Recheck if /ima:xi:lo/ is also correct. If both are, determine which, in either, is more common.</qry>
<semrefgroup>
<semref>ma:ponch&#225;:doy&#243;</semref>
<semref_t>confer</semref_t>
<semref_d>Oa</semref_d>
</semrefgroup>
<semrefgroup>
<semref>ma:xi:lo:w</semref>
<semref_t>synonym</semref_t>
<semref_d>Am</semref_d>
</semrefgroup>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>07655</ref>
<lxam>a:ko:nteya</lxam>
<lxam_c>*a:ko:nteya</lxam_c>
<dt>12/Feb/2006</dt>
<psm>N</psm>
<der>N-ap</der>
<infn>N1</infn>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>type of insect still not identified</sense_e>
<sense_s>tipo de insecto todav&#237;a no identificado</sense_s>
<sense_d>Am</sense_d>
</sense_egroup>
<semfld>animal</semfld>
<semfld>insect</semfld>
<ency_note>insects</ency_note>
<root>a:</root>
<root>ko:m</root>
<root>teya</root>
<nse>The etymology of <kam>a:ko:nteya</kam> (also pronounced <kam>a:ko:nteyak</kam>) is uncertain. P&#225;nfilo Lorenzo said that this is an insect that one asks where one is going to eat. Other consultants mentioned that they had heard of this insect but did not know of the custom. Others denied knowing the name at all. Florencia Marcelino stated that the animal called <koa>chochoteya</koa>, the male not the female, may be asked <koa>Ka:nika M&#233;:jikoh</koa> and in response it raises its arm. The female, which is eaten, is not asked this question.</nse>
<qry>Note that my notes had only the name /a:ko:nteya/ in a list of small animals, yet with no description. Apparently this is another animal, but it should be confirmed. In my notes I had /a:ko:nteyak/ as an alternative pronunciation.</qry>
<semrefgroup>
<semref>chochoteya</semref>
<semref_t>equivalent</semref_t>
<semref_d>Oa</semref_d>
</semrefgroup>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>07658</ref>
<lxam>a:poso:nia</lxam>
<lxam_c>ka:poso:nia</lxam_c>
<lxoa>a:poso:nia</lxoa>
<lxoa_cpend>ka:poso:nia</lxoa_cpend>
<dt>12/Feb/2006</dt>
<lx_te>No</lx_te>
<psm>V2</psm>
<incorp>N-V2</incorp>
<der>V2-d-ca[ni]</der>
<trans>~Intrans</trans>
<infv>class-2a</infv>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>to boil in water</sense_e>
<sense_s>hervir en agua</sense_s>
<sense_d>Am, Oa</sense_d>
</sense_egroup>
<root>a:</root>
<root>poso:</root>
<qry>In the Ameyaltepec entry /a:poso:nia/, which itself needs to be checked, I had a xref to Oa /a:poso:nia/. However, this latter word was not in the dictionary. I have added it; likewise note that Am /a:poso:naltia/ needs to be checked. Note that the classical dictionaries do not have cognate verbal forms. Check also for intrans. /a:poso:nia/.</qry>
<semrefgroup>
<semref>a:poso:naltia</semref>
<semref_t>equivalent</semref_t>
<semref_d>Am</semref_d>
</semrefgroup>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>07686</ref>
<lxam>a:tia</lxam>
<lxam_c>a:tia</lxam_c>
<lxoa>a:tia</lxoa>
<lxoa_cpend>a:tia</lxoa_cpend>
<dt>09/Feb/2006</dt>
<lx_te>No</lx_te>
<psm>V1</psm>
<impers>tla-</impers>
<der>V1-d-ti</der>
<infv>class-4a</infv>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>to get or become watery</sense_e>
<sense_s>ponerse o hacerse aguado</sense_s>
<sense_d>Oa</sense_d>
</sense_egroup>
<root>a:</root>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>07710</ref>
<lxam_notes>yzzz</lxam_notes>
<lxoa>tla:pia:sowa</lxoa>
<lxoa_cpend>tla:pia:sowa</lxoa_cpend>
<dt>09/Mar/2006</dt>
<lx_te>No</lx_te>
<psm>V1</psm>
<impers>tla-</impers>
<incorp>tla-V2</incorp>
<der>V2-alt-wi</der>
<infv>class-2b</infv>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>to urinate</sense_e>
<sense_s>orinar; mear</sense_s>
<sense_d>Oa</sense_d>
</sense_egroup>
<root>a:</root>
<root>piya:</root>
<nse><kn>Tla:peya:sowa</kn> is rarely used in Ameyaltepec although because of contact with Oapan many speakers are familiar with its meaning and will jokingly use it. The principal word for 'to urinate' is <klam>a:xi:xa</klam> used reflexively. Note that apparently Oapanecos differentiate between <koa>tlapeya:sowa</koa> and <koa>tlapia:sowa</koa>.</nse>
<semrefgroup>
<semref>a:xi:xa</semref>
<semref_t>equivalent</semref_t>
<semref_d>Am</semref_d>
</semrefgroup>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>07763</ref>
<lxam_notes>yzzz</lxam_notes>
<lxoa>a:i:skitl de kowatl</lxoa>
<lxoa_cpend>a:i:skitl de kowatl</lxoa_cpend>
<dt>22/Oct/2005</dt>
<loan>(part) manzana</loan>
<psm>N</psm>
<der>N-complex</der>
<infn>Stem 2</infn>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e><l>Lantana camara</l>L., small bush of the Verbenaceae family with brightly colored yellow and red flowers</sense_e>
<sense_s><l>Lantana camara</l>L., peque&#241;o arbusto de la familia Verbenaceae con llamativas flores de color amarilla y roja</sense_s>
<sense_d>Oa</sense_d>
</sense_egroup>
<semfld>plant</semfld>
<semfld>kohtli</semfld>
<root>a:</root>
<root>i:sk</root>
<root>kowa</root>
<semrefgroup>
<semref>i:mansa:nah kuwatl</semref>
<semref_t>equivalent</semref_t>
<semref_d>Am</semref_d>
</semrefgroup>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>07792</ref>
<lxam>a:xo:chitl</lxam>
<lxam_c>a:xo:chitl</lxam_c>
<lxoa_cpend>ka:rrasal</lxoa_cpend>
<lxgen>a:xo:chitl</lxgen>
<lxvar>Tetel</lxvar>
<dt>12/Feb/2006</dt>
<psm>N</psm>
<compound>N-N</compound>
<der>N-b</der>
<infn>Stem 2</infn>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e><l>Asthianthus viminalis</l>(Kunth) Baill., tree of the Bignoniaceae family found principally at the river's edge, called <spn>as&#250;chil</spn> or <spn>carrizal</spn> in Spanish</sense_e>
<sense_s><l>Asthianthus viminalis</l>(Kunth) Baill.,&#225;rbol de la familia Bignoniaceae que crece en la galer&#237;a del r&#237;o, llamado as&#250;chil o carrizal en espa&#241;ol</sense_s>
<sense_d>Am</sense_d>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>Kuwtli, u:nkah ipan a:te:ntli.</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>It (the <kam>a:xo:chitl</kam>) is a tree, it is found near the river.</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>(El <kam>a:xo:chitl</kam>) es un&#225;rbol, se halla cerca del r&#237;o.</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>A:xo:chitl | Ipan pa:skwah kite:teketsan esta:kas ipan kisa:sa:lowan tio:pan ka:n nowiti:wa.</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e><kam>A:xo:chitl</kam> : During Easter they set up stakes and on them they tie it, in the church where people pass through.</phrase_e>
<phrase_s><kam>A:xo:chitl</kam> : Durante Pascua ponen estacas paradas y sobre ellas lo amarran, en la iglesia donde pasa la gente.</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
</sense_egroup>
<semfld>plant</semfld>
<semfld>kohtli</semfld>
<root>a:</root>
<root>xo:chi</root>
<notes_nature>Identified by Ram&#237;rez and Dakin (1979) as <spn>as&#250;chil</spn>. Ram&#237;rez (1991) also identifies this as the <spn>as&#250;chil</spn>. Guizar and S&#225;nchez (1991:179) list this as of the family Bignoniaceaeand the genus/species Asianthus viminalis.</notes_nature>
<semfld>flower</semfld>
<grm>Impersonal /-wa/. Note the following phrase from my data: /A:xo:chitl | Ipan pa:skwah kite:teketsan esta:kas ipan kisa:sa:lowan tio:pan ka:n nowiti:wa/ ' <kam>A:xo:chitl</kam> | During Easter they set up stakes and on them they tie it, in the church where people pass through.' Note here the use of /-wa/ whereas most speakers now would use /-lo/. Cf. the data on /ka:n o:mikiwa:k/.</grm>
<semrefgroup>
<semref>a:xo:chikuwtli</semref>
<semref_t>equivalent</semref_t>
<semref_d>Am</semref_d>
</semrefgroup>
<semrefgroup>
<semref>ka:rrasal</semref>
<semref_t>equivalent</semref_t>
<semref_d>Oa</semref_d>
</semrefgroup>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>07800</ref>
<lxam>a:xo:tla</lxam>
<lxam_c>a:xo:tla</lxam_c>
<dt>09/Feb/2006</dt>
<lx_te>No</lx_te>
<psm>V1</psm>
<impers>tla-</impers>
<incorp>N-V2</incorp>
<der>V2-b</der>
<infv>class-4a</infv>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>to create a wake in the water (as a snake does when swimming with its head up)</sense_e>
<sense_s>dejar una estella en el agua (p. ej., una culebra nadando con su cabeza erguida por afuera del agua)</sense_s>
<sense_d>Pending</sense_d>
</sense_egroup>
<root>a:</root>
<root>xo:tla</root>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>07832</ref>
<lxam>a:miliwi</lxam>
<lxam_c>a:miliwi</lxam_c>
<dt>09/Feb/2006</dt>
<lx_te>No</lx_te>
<psm>V1</psm>
<impers>tla-</impers>
<incorp>NV1</incorp>
<der>V1-alt-wi</der>
<infv>class-3a(w)</infv>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>[meaning not determined]</sense_e>
<sense_s>[significado no determinado]</sense_s>
<sense_d>Pending</sense_d>
</sense_egroup>
<root>a:</root>
<root>mil</root>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>07864</ref>
<lxam>a:te:ncha:neh</lxam>
<lxam_c>a:te:ncha:neh</lxam_c>
<dt>22/Oct/2005</dt>
<psm>N</psm>
<der>N-complex</der>
<infn>N1</infn>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>river-dweller</sense_e>
<sense_s>persona que vive por la orilla de un r&#237;o</sense_s>
<sense_d>Am</sense_d>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>A:te:nko cha:nekeh.</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>They dwell at the river's edge.</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>Viven a la orilla del r&#237;o.</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
</sense_egroup>
<root>a:</root>
<root>te:n</root>
<root>cha:n</root>
<semrefgroup>
<semref>a:te:nko cha:neh</semref>
<semref_t>equivalent</semref_t>
<semref_d>Am</semref_d>
</semrefgroup>
<semrefgroup>
<semref>cha:neh</semref>
<semref_t>confer</semref_t>
<semref_d>Am, Oa</semref_d>
</semrefgroup>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>07927</ref>
<lxam>tla:pi:si:liwi</lxam>
<lxam_c>tla:pi:si:liwi</lxam_c>
<dt>09/Feb/2006</dt>
<lx_te>No</lx_te>
<psm>V1</psm>
<impers>tla-</impers>
<incorp>N-V1</incorp>
<der>V1-alt-wi</der>
<infv>class-3a(w)</infv>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>[pending meaning]</sense_e>
</sense_egroup>
<root>a:</root>
<root>pi:si:l</root>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>07936</ref>
<lxam>kuwsa:wananakatl de ia:xi:x bu:rroh</lxam>
<lxam_c>kuwsa:wananakatl de ia:xi:x bu:rroh</lxam_c>
<dt>11/Feb/2006</dt>
<loan>(part) <spn>burro</spn></loan>
<psm>N</psm>
<der>N-complex</der>
<infn>N1(N2-NP)</infn>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>type of small white mushroom the sprouts on the ground after a rain</sense_e>
<sense_s>tipo de peque&#241;o hongo blanco que brota sobre el suelo despu&#233;s de una lluvia</sense_s>
<sense_d>Am</sense_d>
</sense_egroup>
<semfld>plant</semfld>
<semfld>xiwtli</semfld>
<ency_note>kuhsa:wananakatl and other mushrooms</ency_note>
<root>kow</root>
<root>sa:wa</root>
<root>naka</root>
<root>a:</root>
<root>xi:xa</root>
<nse>This is, apparently, the more correct and complete term for what some Ameyaltepeque&#241;os refer to simply as <kam>i:a:xi:x burroh</kam>.</nse>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>07943</ref>
<lxam>te:a:pi:tsaltih</lxam>
<lxam_c>te:a:pi:tsaltih</lxam_c>
<dt>22/Oct/2005</dt>
<psm>Adj</psm>
<der>Adj-dvb-perf</der>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>to cause diarrhea</sense_e>
<sense_s>causar diarea</sense_s>
<sense_d>Am</sense_d>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>Le:cheh xkwahli, le:cheh te:a:pi:tsaltih.</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>Milk is no good, milk causes diarrhea.</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>La leche no est&#225;bien, la leche causa diarea.</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
</sense_egroup>
<root>a:</root>
<root>pi:tsa</root>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>07945</ref>
<lxam>tla:yo:tike:tl</lxam>
<lxam_c>tla:yo:tike:tl</lxam_c>
<dt>11/Feb/2006</dt>
<psm>N</psm>
<der>N-dvb-ag-ke:tl</der>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>woman whose responsibility it is to refill or replenish plates with broth (during a public fiesta)</sense_e>
<sense_s>mujer que tiene la resposabilidad para volver a llenar con caldo los platos de los fiesteros (p. ej., durante una fiesta del pueblo)</sense_s>
<sense_d>Am</sense_d>
</sense_egroup>
<root>a:</root>
<nse>This agentive derives from the verb <klam>a:yo:tia</klam> literally 'to add water to,' but which can also refer to the adding of broth to a plate.</nse>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>07970</ref>
<lxam>ista:yo:tl</lxam>
<lxam_c>ista:yo:tl</lxam_c>
<dt>22/Oct/2005</dt>
<psm>N</psm>
<compound>N-N</compound>
<der>N-d-yo:tl</der>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>salt water (used to marinate squash seeds before toasting them)</sense_e>
<sense_s>agua salada (se meten las semillas de calabaza en este agua antes de tostarlas sobre el comal)</sense_s>
<sense_d>Am</sense_d>
</sense_egroup>
<root>sta</root>
<root>a:</root>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>07981</ref>
<lxam>te:a:miktih</lxam>
<lxam_c>te:a:miktih</lxam_c>
<dt>22/Oct/2005</dt>
<psm>Adj</psm>
<incorp>[te:-N-V2]~Adj</incorp>
<der>Adj-dvb-perf</der>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>to be something that causes thirst</sense_e>
<sense_s>ser algo que da o causa sed</sense_s>
<sense_d>Am</sense_d>
</sense_egroup>
<root>a:</root>
<root>miki</root>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>08013</ref>
<lxam>a:yema:nilia</lxam>
<lxam_c>ka:yema:nilia</lxam_c>
<dt>11/Feb/2006</dt>
<lx_te>No</lx_te>
<psm>V2</psm>
<infv>class-2a</infv>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>to soften (e.g., clay earth or mud, <klam>tixtli</klam>) by adding water</sense_e>
<sense_s>hacer blando al agregar agua a (p. ej., lodo o barro, masa de ma&#237;z, etc.)</sense_s>
<sense_d>Am</sense_d>
</sense_egroup>
<root>a:</root>
<root>yema:n</root>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>08019</ref>
<lxam>a:we:we:tl</lxam>
<lxam_c>a:we:we:tl</lxam_c>
<dt>22/Oct/2005</dt>
<psm>N</psm>
<compound>N-N</compound>
<der>N-b</der>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>type of tree, called <spn>ahuehuete</spn> in Spanish</sense_e>
<sense_s>ahuehuete, tipo de&#225;rbol</sense_s>
<sense_d>Am</sense_d>
</sense_egroup>
<semfld>plant</semfld>
<semfld>kuwtli</semfld>
<root>a:</root>
<root>we:we:</root>
<semrefgroup>
<semref>a:we:we:kuwtli</semref>
<semref_t>equivalent</semref_t>
<semref_d>Am</semref_d>
</semrefgroup>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>08020</ref>
<lxam>a:we:we:kuwtli</lxam>
<lxam_c>a:we:we:kuwtli</lxam_c>
<dt>22/Oct/2005</dt>
<psm>N</psm>
<compound>(N-N)-N</compound>
<der>N-b</der>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>type of tree, called <spn>ahuehuete</spn> in Spanish</sense_e>
<sense_s>ahuehuete, tipo de&#225;rbol</sense_s>
<sense_d>Am</sense_d>
</sense_egroup>
<semfld>plant</semfld>
<semfld>kuwtli</semfld>
<root>a:</root>
<root>we:we:</root>
<root>kow</root>
<semrefgroup>
<semref>a:we:we:tl</semref>
<semref_t>equivalent</semref_t>
<semref_d>Am</semref_d>
</semrefgroup>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>08061</ref>
<lxam>a:moyaktli</lxam>
<lxam_c>a:moyaktli</lxam_c>
<dt>08/Nov/2004</dt>
<psm>N</psm>
<root>a:</root>
<root>moya</root>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>08070</ref>
<lxam>a:xi:xalistli</lxam>
<lxam_c>a:xi:xalistli</lxam_c>
<dt>08/Jul/2002</dt>
<psm>N</psm>
<root>a:</root>
<root>xi:xa</root>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>08082</ref>
<lxam>ka:ldoh de omitetl</lxam>
<lxam_c>ka:ldoh de omitetl</lxam_c>
<dt>22/Oct/2005</dt>
<psm>N</psm>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>broth with chile and one or various soup bones</sense_e>
<sense_s>caldo de chile con uno o m&#225;s huesos</sense_s>
<sense_d>Am</sense_d>
</sense_egroup>
<root>omi</root>
<root>te</root>
<root>chi:l</root>
<root>a:</root>
<semrefgroup>
<semref>komitechi:la:tl</semref>
<semref_t>synonym</semref_t>
<semref_d>Oa</semref_d>
</semrefgroup>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>08157</ref>
<lxam>a:te:ntetl</lxam>
<lxam_c>a:te:ntetl</lxam_c>
<dt>11/Feb/2006</dt>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>stone found by or in the river that has been smooth by the action of running water (Am. synonym <klam>a:te:ntetl</klam>)</sense_e>
<sense_s>piedra lisa que se encuentra por la orilla o dentro del r&#237;o y que ha sido pulida por la acci&#243;n de agua corriente (Am. sin&#243;nimo <klam>a:te:ntetl</klam>)</sense_s>
<sense_d>Am</sense_d>
</sense_egroup>
<root>a:</root>
<semrefgroup>
<semref>a:pantetl</semref>
<semref_t>synonym</semref_t>
<semref_d>Oa</semref_d>
</semrefgroup>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>08164</ref>
<lxam>a:tompits</lxam>
<lxam_c>a:tompitsmeh</lxam_c>
<dt>12/Feb/2006</dt>
<psm>N</psm>
<compound>S-N</compound>
<der>N-b</der>
<lexical>Reduced rdp-s(vowel-l)</lexical>
<infn>N1</infn>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>type of small worm that reproduces in standing, stored water (such as the water in an <klamoa>a:ko:ntli</klamoa>or water tank)</sense_e>
<sense_s>tipo de gusanillo que sale en agua amacenada (como la que se guarda en un <klamoa>a:ko:ntli</klamoa>o tanque)</sense_s>
<sense_d>Am</sense_d>
</sense_egroup>
<root>a:</root>
<root>tom</root>
<root>pits</root>
<nse>For Ameyaltepec <kam>a:tonkwitsmeh</kam> appears to be idiosyncratic (it is rarely used); the more common form is <klam>a:tonkwilin</klam> or <klam>a:tompitsmeh</klam>. Cristino Flores stated that this term is used in Oapan and in Ameyaltepec they are called <klam>a:tompitsmeh</klam>. In Acatl&#225;n, they are called <kn>ahtonquiztle</kn> :&quot;maromeros, gusanillos que se reproducen en ollas con agua&quot;; see Mat&#237;as A. and Constantino L. (1996:73).</nse>
<nae>Apparently reduplication is the motive for Oapan Nahuatl pitch accent in <koa>&#225;:tonkw&#237;stih</koa>. However, there are two scenarios. The first is that the vowel is underlyingly long (perhaps from the root <kroot>a:</kroot>'water') and that reduplication is reflected simply in pitch accent (with no lengthening of an already long vowel). This is perhaps the most likely scenario (cf. <koa>a:polaki</koa>, unreduplicated, and <koa>&#225;:pol&#225;ki</koa>, reduplicated). However, it might be that the vowel is originally short with pitch accent and reduplication has led to lengthening (? <koa>&#225;tonkw&#237;stih</koa>, unreduplicated, and <koa>&#225;:tonkw&#237;stih</koa>, reduplicated). It is interesting that the only cognate form from another dialect obtained to date, from Acatl&#225;n, Guerrero, has an /h/ closing the first syllable, <kam>ahtonquiztle</kam>. If this were representative of the underlying morphology, then Oapan would have a surface form (after the predictable phonological changes) of <koa>&#225;tonkw&#237;stih</koa>. With this analysis the pitc h accent derives from an underlying {h} and not reduplication; reduplication, however, would lead to vowel lengthening. However, given the probably relation of <koa>&#225;:tonkw&#237;stih</koa> to <koa>a:tl</koa> 'water,' with a long vowel, the first interpretation seems more likely.</nae>
<vl>Link 2nd female and 2nd male tokens.</vl>
<qry_h>atonkwitsmeh.</qry_h>
<root_notes>Note that /kwits/ might here be an allomorph of /kwil/ as in /kwilin/.</root_notes>
<semrefgroup>
<semref>a:tonkwilin</semref>
<semref_t>equivalent</semref_t>
<semref_d>Am</semref_d>
</semrefgroup>
<semrefgroup>
<semref>a:tonkwitsmeh</semref>
<semref_t>equivalent</semref_t>
<semref_d>Am</semref_d>
</semrefgroup>
<semrefgroup>
<semref>&#225;:tonkw&#237;stih</semref>
<semref_t>equivalent</semref_t>
<semref_d>Oa</semref_d>
</semrefgroup>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>08236</ref>
<lxam>a:mi:na</lxam>
<lxam_c>na:mi:na</lxam_c>
<dt>22/Feb/2006</dt>
<lx_te>No</lx_te>
<psm>V2(refl/only)</psm>
<infv>class-3a</infv>
<root>a:</root>
<root>mi:na</root>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>08374</ref>
<lxam>ketspaltomatl</lxam>
<lxam_c>ketspaltomatl</lxam_c>
<dt>22/Oct/2005</dt>
<psm>N</psm>
<compound>N-N</compound>
<der>N-b</der>
<semfld>plant</semfld>
<semfld>xiwtli</semfld>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>type of herbaceous plant with edible fruit, still not identified</sense_e>
<sense_s>tipo de planta herb&#225;cea con fruta comestible, todav&#237;a no identificada</sense_s>
<sense_d>Am</sense_d>
</sense_egroup>
<root>a:</root>
<root>ketspal</root>
<root>toma</root>
<qry>Recheck and confirm that this is /a:ispaltomatl/ and not /a:ispalintomatl/.</qry>
<semrefgroup>
<semref>totomatsi:n</semref>
<semref_t>equivalent</semref_t>
<semref_d>Am</semref_d>
</semrefgroup>
<semrefgroup>
<semref>a:ispaltomatl</semref>
<semref_t>equivalent</semref_t>
<semref_d>Oa</semref_d>
</semrefgroup>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>08377</ref>
<lxam>a:teteyoh</lxam>
<lxam_c>a:teteyoh</lxam_c>
<dt>09/Feb/2006</dt>
<psm>N</psm>
<compound>N-Adj</compound>
<lexical>rdp-s/h</lexical>
<lexical_d>Am</lexical_d>
<der>Adj-denom-yoh</der>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>area of water that is rocky</sense_e>
<sense_s>&#225;rea de agua que est&#225;cubierta por piedras</sense_s>
<sense_d>Pending</sense_d>
</sense_egroup>
<root>a:</root>
<root>te</root>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>08415</ref>
<lxam>a:papa:ka</lxam>
<lxam_alt>a:pupa:ka</lxam_alt>
<lxam_c>ka:papa:ka</lxam_c>
<lxoa>&#225;:p&#225;:ka</lxoa>
<lxoa_cpend>k&#225;:p&#225;:ka</lxoa_cpend>
<dt>12/Feb/2006</dt>
<lx_te>No</lx_te>
<psm>V2</psm>
<infv>class-3a(k)</infv>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>to wash (with water and soap)</sense_e>
<sense_s>lavar (con agua y jab&#243;n)</sense_s>
<sense_d>Am, Oa</sense_d>
</sense_egroup>
<root>a:</root>
<root>pa:ka</root>
<nse>In Oapan this case be used to indicate the action of washing <kloa>nextamahli</kloa>; a floor; plates and utensils; ones face, feet or hands. It is apparently equivalent to <koa>p&#225;p&#225;:ka</koa> in reference to these items. However, when used in reference to clothes, there seems to be a difference between <koa>&#225;:p&#225;:ka</koa> and <kloa>pa:ka</kloa>. The latter refers to washing the entire item of clothing whereas the former is more often used to refer to washing out a particular spot (e.g, where chile has dripped).</nse>
<nae>Interestingly, in Oapan the long vowel reduplicant form of <koa>&#225;:p&#225;:ka</koa> includes the 3rd-person object prefix <kn>k-</kn>. Thus with long vowel reduplication this yields <koa>ka:k&#225;:p&#225;:ka</koa>. Here the first <kn>k-</kn> is the object prefix, whereas the second <kn>k-</kn> has been in essence incorporated into the stem (even though it is not reduplicated). This is an unusual manifestation of reduplication that has not been documented. Perhaps, however, the /k/ may be considered as being in effect inserted in order to avoid a sequence of two long vowels: ? <koa>nika:&#225;:p&#225;:ka</koa>. In regard to semantics, Jerem&#237;as Cabrera suggested that in the imperative the difference between <koa>xk&#225;:p&#225;:ka</koa> and <koa>xka:k&#225;:p&#225;:ka</koa> is that the second is a softer or less direct imperative. In general the long vowel reduplicant here (and in many other cases) seems to indicate a slower, more deliberate action. Thus when used in an imperative form it may indicate a l ess demanding order.</nae>
<grm>Reduplication, imperative: Interestingly, in Oapan the long vowel reduplicant form of <koa>&#225;:p&#225;:ka</koa> includes the 3rd-person object prefix <kn>k-</kn>. Thus with long vowel reduplication this yields <koa>ka:k&#225;:p&#225;:ka</koa>. Here the first <kn>k-</kn> is the object prefix, whereas the second <kn>k-</kn> has been in essence incorporated into the stem (even though it is not reduplicated). This is an unusual manifestation of reduplication that has not been documented. Perhaps, however, the /k/ may be considered as being in effect inserted in order to avoid a sequence of two long vowels: ? <koa>nika:&#225;:p&#225;:ka</koa>. In regard to semantics, Jerem&#237;as Cabrera suggested that in the imperative the difference between <koa>xk&#225;:p&#225;:ka</koa> and <koa>xka:k&#225;:p&#225;:ka</koa> is that the second is a softer or less direct imperative. In general the long vowel reduplicant here (and in many other cases) seems to indicate a slower, more deliberate action. Thus when used in an imperati ve form it may indicate a less demanding or der.</grm>
<qry_fon>Check vowel quality in the reduplicant. Probably this should just be written as /a:papa:ka/ with an accompanying note as to vowel quality change.</qry_fon>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>08444</ref>
<lxam>a:pupwa</lxam>
<lxam_c>a:pupwa</lxam_c>
<dt>22/Oct/2005</dt>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>to clean or cleanse water</sense_e>
<sense_s>limpiar agua</sense_s>
<sense_d>Pending</sense_d>
</sense_egroup>
<root>a:</root>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>08451</ref>
<lxam>a:petla:nwi:lo</lxam>
<lxam_c>a:petla:nwi:lo</lxam_c>
<dt>09/Feb/2006</dt>
<lx_te>No</lx_te>
<psm>V1</psm>
<impers>tla-</impers>
<infv>class-4a(pass)</infv>
<root>a:</root>
<grm>Passsive: Note that in this case both the transitive and the passive appear. The use of /-lo/ is interesting and should be discussed.</grm>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>08624</ref>
<lxam>tla:yo:tilia</lxam>
<lxam_c>kitla:yo:tilia</lxam_c>
<dt>09/Feb/2006</dt>
<lx_te>No</lx_te>
<psm>V2</psm>
<infv>class-2a</infv>
<root>a:</root>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>08636</ref>
<lxam>a:tlakwa</lxam>
<lxam_c>a:tlakwa</lxam_c>
<lx_te>No</lx_te>
<psm>V1</psm>
<impers>tla-</impers>
<infv>class-1</infv>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>to drink while eating</sense_e>
<sense_s>beber al comer</sense_s>
<sense_d>Pending</sense_d>
</sense_egroup>
<root>a:</root>
<root>kwa</root>
<nse>Someone who drinks with his meal is said to <kam>a:tlakwatiw</kam>. This is not the normal way in which Ameyaltepeque&#241;os (and apparently others from nearby villages) traditionally eat. Rather, the traditional way is to finish eating and then drink. In fact, there is a story, probably apocryphal, in Ameyaltepec of a visitor who was invited to eat and got up to take some water from the large clay water jug (<klamoa>a:ko:ntli</klamoa>). When he returned to where he had been eating his plate was gone, his having gone to get water had been taken as a sign that he had finished eating.</nse>
<mod>Note citaiton of this in cf 1-50 at about 12:16.</mod>
<dt>20/Feb/2006</dt>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>08692</ref>
<lxam_notes>yzzz</lxam_notes>
<lxoa>xa:la:michin</lxoa>
<lxoa_cpend>xa:la:michin</lxoa_cpend>
<dt>11/Feb/2006</dt>
<psm>N</psm>
<compound>N-(N-N)</compound>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>type of small fish with a big belly (like a <kbamoa>po:tetl</kbamoa>)</sense_e>
<sense_s>tipo de pez peque&#241;o barrig&#243;n (como un <kbamoa>po:tetl</kbamoa>)</sense_s>
<sense_d>Oa</sense_d>
</sense_egroup>
<root>xa:l</root>
<root>a:</root>
<root>mich</root>
<semfld>animal</semfld>
<semfld>marine</semfld>
<nse>According to Roberto Mauricio (Oa) this is a small fish, but it is different from that known as <kbam>xa:lmichin</kbam>.</nse>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>08707</ref>
<lxam_notes>yzzz</lxam_notes>
<lxoa>tenexa:wi:teki</lxoa>
<lxoa_cpend>kitenexa:wi:teki</lxoa_cpend>
<dt>09/Feb/2006</dt>
<lx_te>No</lx_te>
<psm>V2</psm>
<incorp>(N-N)-V2</incorp>
<der>V2-b</der>
<infv>class-3a(k)</infv>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>whitewash</sense_e>
<sense_s>blanquear (p. ej., una pared) con cal</sense_s>
<sense_d>Oa</sense_d>
</sense_egroup>
<root>tenex</root>
<root>a:</root>
<root>wi:teki</root>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>08708</ref>
<lxam>a:tlakwi:ltia</lxam>
<lxam_cpend>ka:tlakwi:ltia</lxam_cpend>
<lxoa>&#225;:tlakw&#237;:ltia</lxoa>
<dt>12/Feb/2006</dt>
<lx_te>No</lx_te>
<psm>V2</psm>
<incorp>N-V3</incorp>
<der>V3-d-ca</der>
<infv>class-2a</infv>
<lexical>rdp-s/h</lexical>
<lexical_d>Oa</lexical_d>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>to use (e.g., a mule or other beast of burden) to draw water</sense_e>
<sense_s>utilizar (p. ej., una mula u otra bestia) para traer agua</sense_s>
<sense_d>Am, Oa</sense_d>
</sense_egroup>
<root>a:</root>
<root>kwi</root>
<nse>The causative construction here is of a transitive verb, which is somewhat rare in Nahuatl. Note, however, that it is used to refer to&quot;causing&quot;a non-volitional animal (a beast of burden) to carry water, i.e., to using an animal for such a purpose.</nse>
<nae>In Oapan <koa>&#225;tlakw&#237;</koa> is usually found in reduplicated form (i.e., with a reduplicant reduced onto the long intial vowel of the stem); in Ameyaltepec this verb is rarely reduplicated. The same pattern continues onto the causative construction of the present entry.</nae>
<grm>Causative; reduplication: re /a:tlakwi:ltia/: The causative construction here is of a transitive verb, which is somewhat rare in Nahuatl. Note, however, that it is used to refer to&quot;causing&quot;a non-volitional animal (a beast of burden) to carry water, i.e., to using an animal for such a purpose.</grm>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>08714</ref>
<lxam_notes>zzzno</lxam_notes>
<lxoa>a:kama:yah</lxoa>
<lxoa_cpend>a:kama:yah</lxoa_cpend>
<dt>11/Feb/2006</dt>
<psm>N</psm>
<der>N-b</der>
<compound>N-N</compound>
<infn>N1</infn>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>type of marine animal, red in color, like a <kloa>chakalin</kloa>(shrimp) only slightly larger</sense_e>
<sense_s>tipo de animal marino, rojo de color, como un <kloa>chakalin</kloa>(camar&#243;n) sino un poquito m&#225;s grande</sense_s>
<sense_d>Oa</sense_d>
</sense_egroup>
<semfld>animal</semfld>
<semfld>marine</semfld>
<root>a:</root>
<root>kama:yah</root>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>08729</ref>
<lxam_notes>yzzz</lxam_notes>
<lxoa>a:tl ina:n</lxoa>
<lxoa_cpend>a:tl ina:n</lxoa_cpend>
<dt>22/Oct/2005</dt>
<psm>N-compl</psm>
<compound>N-N</compound>
<infn>N1</infn>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>type of herbaceous plant still not collected nor identified</sense_e>
<sense_s>tipo de planta herb&#225;cea todav&#237;a no colectada ni identificada</sense_s>
<sense_d>Oa</sense_d>
</sense_egroup>
<semfld>plant</semfld>
<semfld>fl</semfld>
<root>a:</root>
<root>na:n</root>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>08734</ref>
<lxam_notes>yzzz</lxam_notes>
<lxoa>konexa:ko:ntli</lxoa>
<lxoa_cpend>konexa:ko:ntli</lxoa_cpend>
<dt>12/Feb/2006</dt>
<psm>N</psm>
<compound>(N-N)-(N-N)</compound>
<der>N-b</der>
<infn>Stem 1(m)</infn>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>larger earthen water jug (see <kloa>a:ko:ntli</kloa>) in which at large fiestas <kloa>nextamahli</kloa>is made</sense_e>
<sense_s>tinaja grande de tierra (v&#233;ase <kloa>a:ko:ntli</kloa>) en la cual se hace nixtamal en las fiestas grandes</sense_s>
<sense_d>Oa</sense_d>
</sense_egroup>
<root>ko</root>
<root>nex</root>
<root>a:</root>
<root>ko:m</root>
<nse>Before large metal <spn>vidones</spn> appeared, the <koa>konexa:ko:ntih</koa> were employed to make <spn>nixtamal</spn>. The maize was poured into the earthenware jug and then hot <kloa>tenexa:tl</kloa>was poured over it so that the maize whould loose its outer husk.</nse>
<nae>The etymology of <koa>konexa:ko:ntli</koa> is uncertain. Native speakers often relate the first <kn>ko</kn> to <kloa>ko:ntli</kloa>, but as far as I can determine the vowel length is distinct. It is possible that the initial <kn>ko-</kn> is the second element of <kloa>tliko</kloa>, but this is somewhat unlikely.</nae>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>08767</ref>
<lxam_notes>yzzz</lxam_notes>
<lxoa>a:yo:chpilowa</lxoa>
<lxoa_cpend>na:yo:chpilowa</lxoa_cpend>
<dt>22/Feb/2006</dt>
<lx_te>No</lx_te>
<psm>V2(refl/only)</psm>
<der>V2-alt-wi</der>
<infv>class-2b</infv>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>(refl.) to get a watery sore on ones skin</sense_e>
<sense_s>(refl.) formarse una ampolla con agua en la piel</sense_s>
<sense_d>Oa</sense_d>
</sense_egroup>
<root>a:</root>
<root>pil</root>
<nse>The difference between this and <kloa>a:yo:tia</kloa>, <kloa>&#225;:xop&#243;:ni</kloa>, or <kloa>&#225;:xot&#243;:ni</kloa>is not entirely clear. I have documented <koa>a:yo:chpilowa</koa> in reference to a sore that developed on a little girls lips. Roberto Mauricio also said that it can be used also in reference to the watery blisters that may develop on someone's hands after chopping wood for an entire day.</nse>
<nae>The etymology of this word is not altogether clear, particularly the origin of /ch/. It may be related to the palatalization of the sequence /tia/ which is this reanalyzed as part of a stem.</nae>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>08806</ref>
<lxam_notes>yzzz</lxam_notes>
<lxoa>a:k&#243;:kokohpits&#237;wi</lxoa>
<lxoa_pr>a:ko:kokohpitsiwi</lxoa_pr>
<lxoa_c>a:k&#243;:kokohpits&#237;wi</lxoa_c>
<dt>12/Feb/2006</dt>
<lx_te>No</lx_te>
<psm>V1</psm>
<impers>tla-</impers>
<incorp>N-V1</incorp>
<der>V1-alt-wi</der>
<trans>~Trans</trans>
<infv>class-3a(w)</infv>
<pitch>yes-lex</pitch>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>to get something stuck in ones throat (e.g, particularly food that refuses to go down)</sense_e>
<sense_s>atorarsele algo en la garganta (p. ej., comida que no baja)</sense_s>
<sense_d>Am, Oa</sense_d>
</sense_egroup>
<root>a:</root>
<root>ko:koh</root>
<root>kow</root>
<root>pits</root>
<mod>This was originally (after some adjustment) 00464 Oapan. But it was changed from /a:ko:kokopi:tsiwi/ to the correct /a:kokokohpitsiwi/ and given the new #08806. The sound files were changed to this number once on the served.</mod>
<qry>Check orthography and pronunciation of Oapan form. Check length of /a/. It seems to be long in several instances although I originally had it short.</qry>
<qry_fon>Of Oapan and Am form check for initial /a:/ and compare to other /a/-initial words. Check throughout for any changes to headwords. Recheck the vowel length of /i:/.</qry_fon>
<vl>There are 4 extra tokens of this word originally recorded at 6436. These should be tagged as 464 and, moreover, two of these later recorded words should be chosen for the link.</vl>
<semrefgroup>
<semref>a:ko:kopi:tsiwi</semref>
<semref_t>confer</semref_t>
<semref_d>Am</semref_d>
</semrefgroup>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>08813</ref>
<lxam_notes>yzzz</lxam_notes>
<lxoa>a:ko:si:lin</lxoa>
<lxoa_cpend>a:ko:si:lin</lxoa_cpend>
<dt>11/Feb/2006</dt>
<psm>N</psm>
<infn>Stem 4</infn>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>type of water animal, like a small shrimp (<kboa>chakalin</kboa>)</sense_e>
<sense_s>tipo de animal acu&#225;tico, como un camar&#243;n chiquito (<kboa>chakalin</kboa>)</sense_s>
<sense_d>Oa</sense_d>
</sense_egroup>
<root>a:</root>
<root>ko:si:l</root>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>08815</ref>
<lxam_notes>yzzz</lxam_notes>
<lxoa>&#225;:p&#225;:ntli</lxoa>
<lxoa_cpend>&#225;:p&#225;:ntli</lxoa_cpend>
<dt>12/Feb/2006</dt>
<psm>N</psm>
<infn>Stem 1(n)</infn>
<der>N-b</der>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>garland of marigolds or <kboa>s&#225;sanmig&#233;:ltsi:n</kboa>that are placed around the necks of saints (syn. Oa <koa>&#225;:p&#225;:ntl&#237;</koa>)</sense_e>
<sense_s>guirnalda de sempoalxochitl o <kboa>s&#225;sanmig&#233;:ltsi:n</kboa>que se colocan por los cuellos de los santos (sin. Oa <koa>&#225;:p&#225;:ntl&#237;</koa>)</sense_s>
<sense_d>Oa</sense_d>
</sense_egroup>
<root>a:</root>
<root>pa:n</root>
<grm>Reduplication: In general note the pattern in Oapan of reduplicating the /a:/ of 'water'. This is found in many words: <kloa>&#225;:tlakw&#237;</kloa>, <kloa>&#225;:p&#225;:ntli</kloa>, etc. The reason for this reduplication (reduced) is not always clear.</grm>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>08832</ref>
<lxam_notes>yzzz</lxam_notes>
<lxoa>&#225;:tok&#243;htli</lxoa>
<lxoa_cpend>&#225;:tok&#243;htli</lxoa_cpend>
<dt>22/Oct/2005</dt>
<psm>N</psm>
<infn>Stem 1(w)</infn>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>branches and trunks (used as firewood) that has been carried downriver by a strong current after a rain</sense_e>
<sense_s>troncos y ramas (utilizada como le&#241;a) que han sido llevadas r&#237;o abajo despu&#233;s de una fuerte lluvia</sense_s>
<sense_d>Oa</sense_d>
</sense_egroup>
<root>a:</root>
<root>tok</root>
<root>kuw</root>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>08833</ref>
<lxam_notes>yzzz</lxam_notes>
<lxoa>&#225;:tokohp&#233;pen&#225;</lxoa>
<lxoa_cpend>&#225;:tokohp&#233;pen&#225;</lxoa_cpend>
<dt>09/Feb/2006</dt>
<lx_te>No</lx_te>
<psm>V1</psm>
<impers>tla-</impers>
<incorp>N-V2</incorp>
<infv>class-3a</infv>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>to gather up branches and trunks (used as firewood) that have been carried downriver by a strong current after a rain</sense_e>
<sense_s>recoger troncos y ramas (utilizada como le&#241;a) que han sido llevadas r&#237;o abajo despu&#233;s de una fuerte lluvia</sense_s>
<sense_d>Oa</sense_d>
</sense_egroup>
<root>a:</root>
<root>tok</root>
<root>pena</root>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>08950</ref>
<lxam_notes>zzzno</lxam_notes>
<lxoa>a:mihtoli:nia</lxoa>
<lxoa_cpend>na:mihtoli:nia</lxoa_cpend>
<dt>09/Feb/2006</dt>
<lx_te>No</lx_te>
<psm>V2</psm>
<compound>N-V2</compound>
<infv>class-2a</infv>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>to suffer from thirst</sense_e>
<sense_s>sufrir por sed</sense_s>
<sense_d>Oa</sense_d>
</sense_egroup>
<root>a:</root>
<root>miki</root>
<root>toli:</root>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>08951</ref>
<lxam>a:miktli</lxam>
<lxam_cpend>a:miktli</lxam_cpend>
<lxoa>a:mihtli</lxoa>
<lxoa_cpend>a:mihtli</lxoa_cpend>
<dt>22/Oct/2005</dt>
<psm>N</psm>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>thirst</sense_e>
<sense_s>sed</sense_s>
<sense_d>Oa</sense_d>
</sense_egroup>
<root>a:</root>
<root>miki</root>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>08960</ref>
<lxam_notes>yzzz</lxam_notes>
<lxoa>a:pitsahtli</lxoa>
<lxoa_c>a:pitsahtli</lxoa_c>
<dt>22/Oct/2005</dt>
<psm>N</psm>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>small stream of water that is left between a sandbar and the bank during the dry season</sense_e>
<sense_s>arroyito de agua que se corre en una vara de arena y la ribera del r&#237;o durante la temporada de secas</sense_s>
<sense_d>Oa</sense_d>
</sense_egroup>
<root>a:</root>
<root>pitsa:</root>
<semrefgroup>
<semref>a:pitsahko</semref>
<semref_t>synonym</semref_t>
<semref_d>Oa</semref_d>
</semrefgroup>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>08999</ref>
<lxam_notes>zzzno</lxam_notes>
<lxoa>&#225;:m&#243;:lwia</lxoa>
<lxoa_pr>a:mo:lwia</lxoa_pr>
<lxoa_cpend>ne:ch&#225;:mo:lw&#237;a</lxoa_cpend>
<dt>09/Feb/2006</dt>
<lx_te>No</lx_te>
<psm>V2</psm>
<infv>class-2a</infv>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>to apply soap from the amole tree to</sense_e>
<sense_s>aplicarle jab&#243;n del&#225;rbol llamado amole a</sense_s>
<sense_d>Oa</sense_d>
</sense_egroup>
<root>a:</root>
<root>mo:l</root>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>09001</ref>
<lxam_notes>zzzno</lxam_notes>
<lxoa>&#225;:p&#225;:ntia</lxoa>
<lxoa_cpend>k&#225;:p&#225;:ntia</lxoa_cpend>
<dt>11/Feb/2006</dt>
<lx_te>No</lx_te>
<psm>V2</psm>
<infv>class-2a</infv>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>to place a garland of flowers (usually of marigolds, or of <kloa>s&#233;:piy&#225;:ka:tl</kloa>) on (usually a saint or cross)</sense_e>
<sense_s>colocar una guirnalda de flores (generalmente de cempoalxochitl o <kloa>s&#233;:piy&#225;:ka:tl</kloa>) sobre (generalmente un santo o cruz)</sense_s>
<sense_d>Oa</sense_d>
</sense_egroup>
<root>a:</root>
<root>pa:n</root>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>09083</ref>
<lxam_notes>yzzno</lxam_notes>
<lxoa>a:k&#225;:p&#225;:ka</lxoa>
<lxoa_cpend>ka:k&#225;:p&#225;:ka</lxoa_cpend>
<dt>11/Feb/2006</dt>
<lx_te>No</lx_te>
<psm>V2</psm>
<infv>class-3a(k)</infv>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>see <kloa>&#225;:p&#225;:ka</kloa></sense_e>
<sense_s>v&#233;ase <kloa>&#225;:p&#225;:ka</kloa></sense_s>
<sense_d>Oa</sense_d>
</sense_egroup>
<root>a:</root>
<root>pa:ka</root>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>09095</ref>
<lxam_notes>yzz</lxam_notes>
<lxoa>a:&#237;:xmots&#237;:n</lxoa>
<lxoa_c>a:&#237;:xmots&#237;:n</lxoa_c>
<dt>12/Feb/2006</dt>
<psm>N</psm>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>type of water bug that scoots on the surface of the water</sense_e>
<sense_s>tipo de insecto acu&#225;tico que corre por la superficie del agua</sense_s>
<sense_d>Pending</sense_d>
</sense_egroup>
<root>a:</root>
<root>i:xmon</root>
<nae>The pitch-accent pattern in <koa>a:&#237;:xmots&#237;:n</koa> is not clear but apparently derives from a coda {h} in the penultimate syllable. Whether this is a reanalysis of <koa>i:xmon</koa> to <koa>i:xmoh</koa> (cf. <kloa>&#237;:xmotl&#237;</kloa>) is not clear.</nae>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>09108</ref>
<lxam_notes>yzzz</lxam_notes>
<lxoa>a:paltia</lxoa>
<lxoa_cpend>a:paltia</lxoa_cpend>
<dt>12/Feb/2006</dt>
<lx_te>No</lx_te>
<psm>V1</psm>
<impers>tla-</impers>
<der>V1-d-tia</der>
<infv>class-4d(tia)</infv>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>to get soaked or drenched (e.g., in the rain, but with ones clothes on)</sense_e>
<sense_s>quedar empapado (p. ej., en o por la lluvia, pero con la ropa puesta)</sense_s>
<sense_d>Pending</sense_d>
</sense_egroup>
<root>a:</root>
<root>pal</root>
<disamb>paltia; patsiwi</disamb>
<qry>Check to see if the cognate intransitive /palti/ exists. According to one person this refers to getting soaked or drenched, e.g. in the rain, but getting wet with ones clothes on. This should be checked. Check other possible subjects.</qry>
<root_notes>The etymology of <kam>paltia</kam> is not entirely clear; it may be related to the archaic stem for 'water' with vowel shortening for some undetermined reason.</root_notes>
<semrefgroup>
<semref>paltia</semref>
<semref_t>synonym</semref_t>
<semref_d>Am</semref_d>
</semrefgroup>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>09144</ref>
<lxam>a:te:mpankopa</lxam>
<lxam_cpend>a:te:mpankopa</lxam_cpend>
<lxoa>a:te:mpankopa</lxoa>
<lxoa_c>a:te:mpankopa</lxoa_c>
<dt>22/Oct/2005</dt>
<psm>Adv</psm>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>upriver; in the direction from which water in a river flows</sense_e>
<sense_s>r&#237;o arriba, en la direcci&#243;n de donde viene el agua de un r&#237;o</sense_s>
<sense_d>Am, Oa</sense_d>
</sense_egroup>
<root>a:</root>
<root>te:m</root>
<root_rel>-pan</root_rel>
<root_rel>-kopa</root_rel>
<qry>Check whether a:te:mpan is found in both villages.</qry>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>09171</ref>
<lxam_notes>yzznochen</lxam_notes>
<lxoa>a:ch&#237;:tatl&#237;</lxoa>
<lxoa_cpend>a:ch&#237;:tatl&#237;</lxoa_cpend>
<dt>22/Oct/2005</dt>
<psm>N</psm>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>type of fishing tool, a hoop made of wire and cord or fishing line used to scoop up fish killed by electric shock</sense_e>
<sense_s>tipo de herramienta para pescar, un aro de alambre con red de cuerda utilizada para recoger peces matados por corriente el&#233;ctrico</sense_s>
<sense_d>Oa</sense_d>
</sense_egroup>
<root>a:</root>
<root>chi:tah</root>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>09177</ref>
<lxam_notes>yzzno</lxam_notes>
<lxoa>a:kwe:xtli</lxoa>
<lxoa_cpend>a:kwe:xtli</lxoa_cpend>
<dt>22/Oct/2005</dt>
<psm>N</psm>
<compound>N-N</compound>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>fine mist or drizzle (blown by the wind)</sense_e>
<sense_s>lluvia o llovizna fina (llevado por el viento)</sense_s>
<sense_d>Oa</sense_d>
<phrase_ngroup>
<phrase_n>Ne:cha:hmakilitikah a:kwe:xtli, kalaki nokali ikwa:k kiawi.</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Oa</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>A fine mist is hitting me, it enters my house (e.g. of teja), when it rains.</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>Una fina llovizna me est&#225;pegando, entra en mi casa cuando llueve.</phrase_s>
</phrase_ngroup>
</sense_egroup>
<root>a:</root>
<root>kwe:ch</root>
<semrefgroup>
<semref>a:pi:si:hli</semref>
<semref_t>synonym</semref_t>
<semref_d>Am, Oa</semref_d>
</semrefgroup>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>09203</ref>
<lxam_notes>yzzno</lxam_notes>
<lxoa>i:xa:wetsi</lxoa>
<lxoa_cpend>i:xa:wetsi</lxoa_cpend>
<dt>09/Feb/2006</dt>
<lx_te>No</lx_te>
<psm>V1</psm>
<impers>tla-</impers>
<infv>class-3a(ts)</infv>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>to have the sediment sink to the bottom (of water, leaving it clear)</sense_e>
<sense_s>asentarse (el agua, al caer el sedimento u otra cosa parecida, dejando el agua claro)</sense_s>
<sense_d>Pending</sense_d>
</sense_egroup>
<root>i:x</root>
<root>a:</root>
<root>wetsi</root>
<nse>This verb is used particularly in reference a river that during the rainly season is clouded with sediment that settles to the bottom once the rains have stopped. It may also be used in reference to things such as coffee in which the grinds settle, etc.</nse>
</refgroup>

<refgroup>
<ref>09275</ref>
<lxoa>a:kwe:xtli</lxoa>
<lxoa_cpend>a:kwe:xtli</lxoa_cpend>
<dt>12/Feb/2006</dt>
<psm>N</psm>
<compound>N-N</compound>
<der>N-b</der>
<infn>Stem 3</infn>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>mist or spray; misty rain</sense_e>
<sense_s>neblina o brizna</sense_s>
</sense_egroup>
<sense_egroup>
<sense_e>vapor or spray that comes in a window during a heavy rain</sense_e>
<sense_s>neblina o brizna que entra por la ventana durante una fuerte lluvia</sense_s>
</sense_egroup>
<semrefgroup>
<semref>a:pi:si:hli</semref>
<semref_t>confer</semref_t>
<semref_d>Am, Oa</semref_d>
</semrefgroup>
<root>a:</root>
<root>kwe:ch</root>
<nse>Although <koa>a:pi:si:hli</koa> has been documented from Oapan, several speakers have indicated that this word is not used here. Rather, the term employed in Oapan is <kloa>a:kwe:xtli</kloa>.</nse>
<nae>Whether or not <kamoa>pi:si:hli</kamoa>, the second element of <kamoa>a:pi:si:hli</kamoa> and <klam>xa:lpi:si:hli</klam> , should be considered a nominal root is unclear. For a list of words containing <kroot>pi:si:l</kroot>see RJC (p. 250)</nae>
</refgroup>
</resultset>