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/home/cluster1/data/bu01/1121861/html/jlex/nahuatl/php4/changed_test.xml
\ref 00001 \lxam mama:lintsi:n \lxoa mali:ntsi:n \der N-tsi:n \dt 09/Aug/2005 \infn N1 \lxam_alt ma:malintsi:n \lxam_c mama:lintsi:n \lxoa_c mali:ntsi:n \mod Probably this entry should be split into two, one for each village (and x-listed). \nae The vowel length of the Ameyaltepec term is not clear. From Cristino Flores's pronunciation it appears that the first /a/ is short and the second perhaps long. However, Chen Díaz had the reverse: for him the first /a/ was long and the second short. \nse Several Oapan consultants stated that this insect was similar to the<nbo>to:topo</nbo>. According to Roberto Mauricio (Oa) this is a type of grasshopper,<nlo>chapolin</nlo>. It eats herbaceous plants such as the<nbo>temá:kohtsí:n</nbo>, where it is mostly found. The grasshopper is somewhat shiny and blue, with black stripes on its body. The male, according to Roberto Mauricio, is<no>tsi:ntetepontik</no>, the female is<no>tsi:nkó:lawáh</no>. According to Cristino Flores (Am) this grasshopper is not edible. It appears in October and disappears, dying of thirst, shortly after the end of the rainy season. The"saliva"of this insect is harmful to cloth, it eats it away like acid. Even though it has wings, it flies only a short distance. \psm N \qry Check classification of the /ma:malintsi:n/, i.e., whether it is indeed a type of 'chapulin.' In regards to the etymology, check to see if it is related to /mali:na/ and whether this has something to do with a characteristic of the animal. Ask reason for name. \rdp Rdp-l/Am \revised 15/07/05 \sem animal \sem insect \sense_d Am, Oa \sense_e type of edible cloth-eating insect (<nao>kiteki tlake:ntli</nao>) still unidentified, the majority of consultants (at least those of Oapan) classify this as a type of grasshopper (see<nba>chapolin</nba>) that looks like the<nbo>to:topo</nbo>. \sense_s tipo de insecto comestible que come tela (<nao>kiteki tlake:ntli</nao>) pero todavía no identificado plenamente, la mayoría de los aesores (por lo menos los de Oapan) lo clasifican como un tipo de chapulin (véase<nba>chapolin</nba>) que se parece al<nbo>to:topo</nbo> \phrase_d Am \phrase_e That grasshopper called<na>mama:lintsi:n</na>it alights [on clothes] like that, it really, like it licks it but then a little of its spittle gets on it, just with that it has cut through the cloth. \phrase_n Un chapolin mama:lintsi:n no: ihkón onotla:lia, cho ki... ke:itlah kipapalotok pero dya: kasi ikwalaktsi:n, san yewa ika yo:kitetek un tlake:ntli. \phrase_s El chapolin llamado<na>mama:lintsi:n</na>se pone así[sobre la ropa], se la pasa como si fuera lamiéndola, pero cuando le alcanza su baba, nada más con eso ya cortóla tela. \snd_am 00001_01_am \src_p Cristino Flores: 00001_00050_CF_AM_mono_pitch_correction_x2.wav / 3:00 \ref 00002 \lxoa tla:ltepiso:lin \compound N-N \der N-in \dt 07/Aug/2005 \infn Stem 4 \lxam_notes This word is not used in Ameyeltepec, which instead has /tla:lto:ntsi:n/. \lxoa_c tla:ltepiso:lin \nae The etymology of<na>tla:ltepiso:lin</na>is uncertain. \nse For a further discussion of this plant, see the Ameyaltepec entry for<nla>tla:lto:ntsi:n</nla>. \psm N \revised 8/28/04 \root tla:l \root te \root po:so:l \sem plant \sem komekatl \sense_d Oa \sense_e <l>Dalembertia populifolia</l>Baill., a plant with edible root of the Euphorbiaceae family \sense_s <l>Dalembertia populifolia</l>Baill., una planta con raíz comestible de la familia Euphorbiaceae \mref tla:lto:ntsi:n \mref_d Am \mref_t natural \mref tla:ltepo:so:lin \mref_d Am \mref_t confer \ref 00003 \lxam kemech \lxoa kámách \der Adv-b \dt 09/Aug/2005 \lxam_c kemech \lxoa_c kámách \lxoa_pr kamach \nse The Ameyaltepec<na>kemech</na>is is not to be confused with<nla>ke:mechih</nla>, from the same dialect. \pitch yes \psm Adv(tm) \qry In the phrase above (/yewa ma:s san kemech/) I have used /san/ although in one version I had recorded /sa:/. This should be checked, i.e., whether the phrase is /sa: kimich/ or /san kimich/. Make sure that etymology and historical basis of the two forms is identical. If not, give Oapan and Ameyaltepec separate entries. It might be that the Oapan form is similar or cognate to Ameyaltepec /ke:mech/. \revised 16/07/05 \root kemech \sense_d Am, Oa \sense_e recently; just a short time or moment ago \sense_s apenas; hace un rato o poco tiempo \phrase_d Am \phrase_e He just left a moment ago, go catch up to him! \phrase_n Kemech o:yah, xkonasi! \phrase_s ¡Se fue apenas hace un momento se, ve a alcanzarlo! \phrase_e We just recently came from there. \phrase_n Kemech ompa o:tiwa:le:hkeh. \phrase_s Apenas vinimos de allá. \phrase_d Am \phrase_e We just started to converse, we just started to speak. \phrase_n Kemech o:pe:w timonono:tsan, kemech o:pe:w titlatlatowan. \phrase_s Apenas empezamos a placticar, apenas empezamos a hablar. \snd_am 00003_02_am \src_p Cristino Flores: 00001_00050_CF_AM_mono_pitch_correction_x2.wav / 5:30 \phrase_d Am \phrase_e Those that now are just growing up, they don't know it [the word<nla>teposmiktia:ni</nla>for 'knife']. \phrase_n Un a:man kemech nowepa:wan, yewameh xkimatin. \phrase_s Ellos que ahora apenas están creciendo, ellos no lo saber [la palabra<nla>teposmiktia:ni</nla>para 'cuchillo']. \snd_am 00003_03_am \src_p Cristino Flores: 00001_00050_CF_AM_mono_pitch_correction_x2.wav / 9:55 \sense_d Am, Oa \sense_e (~<nao>kayo:tl</nao>) \sense_s (~<nao>kayo:tl</nao>) \sense_d Am, Oa \sense_e something from just recently; something or someone not very old \sense_s algo recién hecho; algo o alguien no muy antiguo \phrase_d Am \phrase_e It's a recent thing (in this case a baby just born), it was born yesterday. \phrase_n Kemech kayo:tl, ya:lwa o:nemiko. \phrase_s Es algo reciente (en este caso un niño), apenas ayer nació. \sense_d Am \sense_e (<nao>ma:s san ~</nao>) more recently \sense_s (<nao>ma:s san ~</nao>) más recientemente \phrase_d Am \phrase_e That is more recent. \phrase_n Yewa ma:s san kemech. \phrase_s Ese es más reciente. \mref sanki \mref_d Am \mref_t confer \ref 00004 \lxam tlapeya:wa \der V2-alt-wi \disamb tla:la:wa; tlaxola:wa; tlapeya:wa \dt 09/Aug/2005 \grm /tla-/; The derivational process and the morphology of<na>tlapeya:wa</na>are not entirely clear. To some extent it parallels<nla>tla:la:la:wa</nla>in that what seems to be a transitive verb (at least in modern Ameyaltepec Nahuatl) takes the nonspecific object prefix to form a word that indicates the state of a particular section of land. However, it might also be that the<na>peya:wa</na>in<na>tlapeya:wa</na>reflects the historical intransitive form and that the resultant compound is an impersonal passive, here functioning as an indication of a state of nature. \incorp tla-V2 \lxam_c tlapeya:wa \lxoa_notes This word is not documented in Oapan. \mod Add ompun to the dictionary for Am \nae The derivational process and the morphology of<na>tlapeya:wa</na>are not entirely clear. To some extent it parallels, both semantically and morphologically,<nla>tla:la:la:wa</nla>: a transitive verb (at least in modern Ameyaltepec Nahuatl) with a valency-reducing prefix or nominal incorporation to. However, Ameyaltepec<na>tlapeya:wa</na>might also derive from a lost intransitive form<na>peya:wa</na>, forming an impersonal passive to indicate a state of nature. The second interpretation and analysis, which seems more likely, suggests that the literal meaning of<na>tlapeya:wa</na>would be something like 'slipping down occurs.' \nse The word<na>tlapeya:wa</na>refers to a place that is slippery particularly from it having rained. It may be compared to<nla>tlaxola:wa</nla>which is more often used to refer to an incline on which ones feet may go out from under perhaps because the ground is covered with small pebbles. \psm N \pss V1 \revised 8/28/04 \root peya: \sense_d Am \sense_e (place that is) slippery and with an earthy surface that causes one to slide down (referring to a downward sloping area particularly one that is wet) \sense_s (lugar, en referencia a una cuesta o inclinación) resbaloso y con una superficie que hace que uno se resbala o se desliza hacia abajo \phrase_d Am \phrase_e For example, there were I live, now it is raining, when you go into the hills, well everywhere it is slippery. \phrase_n Kea:man para newa nocha:n, a:mantsi:n kiawi, tiá:s pa mo:nteh, pos nowiá:n tlapeya:wa. \phrase_s Por ejemplo, allápor donde vivo, ahora estálloviendo, vas al monte, pues en todos lados es resbaloso. \snd_am 00004_01_am \src_p Cristino Flores: 00001_00050_CF_AM_mono_pitch_correction_x2.wav / 6:00 \phrase_d Am \phrase_e It is slippery on the slope (e.g., because it is smooth, or muddy and wet, etc.). \phrase_n Tlapeya:wa ipan tlakaltech. \phrase_s Es resbaloso por la cuesta inclinada (p. ej., por estar un lugar muy liso, o por estar mojado y tener algo de lodo). \phrase_d Am \phrase_e It is a wet place, it is really slippery. \phrase_n Tlapa:stika:n, ke:n tlapeya:wa. \phrase_s Es un lugar mojado, es muy resbaloso. \phrase_d Am \phrase_e Don't go over there! It's slippery. \phrase_n Ma:ka tipano:s ompú:n! Tlapeya:wa. \phrase_s ¡No vayas por allá! Es resbaloso. \src_p Cristino Flores (p.c. junio 2002) \mref tlapeya:ska:n \mref_d Am \mref_t synonym \mref tlatexilahka:n \mref_d Oa \mref_t synonym \ref 00005 \lxam ixwi:wmontli \lxoa ixwi:hmontli \compound N-N \der N-b \dt 09/Aug/2005 \infn Stem 1(n) \lxam_c ixwi:wmontli \lxoa_c ixwi:hmontli \nse Although this word was accepted by Florencia Marcelino, several other individuals from Oapan denied this as an acceptable form. Roberto Mauricio gave the form<no>ya: o:hpa montli</no>, e.g.,<no>ya: o:hpa nomon</no>. However,<na>ixwi:wmontli</na>is definitely documented in Ameyaltepec. \psm N \qry Determine whether other extended ties also enter into this paradigm. \revised 8/28/04 \root xwi:w \root mon \sem kin \sense_d Am, Oa \sense_e husband of a granddaughter \sense_s esposo de una nieta \phrase_d Am \phrase_e I have a granddaughter, well, she's already gotten married. And now then, her, her husband, he's my<na>ixwi:wmontli</na>. \phrase_n Nikpia noxwi:w se: suwa:tl, pwes yo:nona:miktih. Dya: a:man te:h un, iwe:wentsi:n, noxwi:wmon. \phrase_s Tengo una nieta, pues ya se casó. Y ahora pues, su esposo, es mi<na>ixwi:wmontli</na>. \snd_am 00005_01_am \src_p Cristino Flores: 00001_00050_CF_AM_mono_pitch_correction_x2.wav / 7:39 \ref 00006 \lxam ma:xi:kole:wi \lxoa ma:xi:kole:wi \der V1-alt-wi \dt 09/Aug/2005 \incorp N-V1 \infv class-3a(w) \intense Optional:<nao>ma:texi:kole:wi</nao> \lxam_c ma:xi:kole:wi \lxoa_c ma:xi:kole:wi \nse The insertion of the intensifier<n>te-</n>immediately before the verbal stem (e.g.,<n>ma:texi:kole:wi</n>) indicates an intensified event, i.e., a greater degree of scraping. \psm V1 \qry Determine any other use or possible meanings. Check /xi:koliwi/ as possibility. \revised 16/07/05 \root ma: \root xi:kol \trans Compl \sense_d Pending \sense_e to scrape or abrade ones arm or hand (e.g., from choppping wood with an axe) \sense_s rasparse o excoriarse el brazo o la mano (p. ej., al leñar con una hacha) \ref 00007 \lxam kechkoto:na \lxoa kechkoto:na \der V2-alt-ni \dt 09/Aug/2005 \incorp N-V2 \infv class-3a \intense kechtekoto:na \lxam_c kikechkoto:na \lxoa_c kikechkoto:na \nse According to Florencia Marcelino (Oa) this verb is used solely in cases where the neck is pulled and snapped and pulled off (as it is in slaughtering a chicken), not broken. This verb can be applied to almost any small animal (such as a grassphopper), or even a person (e.g., with a machete). It is also applied, according to Cristino Flores (Am) to cutting the throat of an animal in slaughtering it (e.g., a cow or pig) although perhaps other forms, such as<nlao>kextsonteki</nlao>are more appropriate. \psm V2 \qry Check for other meanings and uses, as well as for the existence and use of possible intransitive forms. Check for possibility of using -te- before verbal stem. \revised 8/28/04 \root kech \root koto: \trans ~Compl \sense_d Am, Oa \sense_e to snap or break the neck of (a person or animal, particularly a chicken) \sense_s romper el cuello de (una persona o animal, particularmente una gallina) \phrase_d Am \phrase_e He will snap the neck of that chicken. \phrase_n Kikechkoto:nas un pió. \phrase_s Le va a romper el cuello a esa gallina. \sense_d Pending \sense_e to cut or slit the throat of (e.g., a cow or pig in killing it); to behead \sense_s degollar (p. ej., una vaca o marrano al matarlo) \mref kwa:tsonteki \mref_d Am, Oa \mref_t confer \mref kextsonteki \mref_d Am, Oa \mref_t confer