Tryag File Manager
Home
-
Turbo Force
Current Path :
/
home
/
cluster1
/
data
/
bu01
/
1121861
/
html
/
botany
/
family-descriptions
/
Upload File :
New :
File
Dir
/home/cluster1/data/bu01/1121861/html/botany/family-descriptions/Agavaceae_lruiz_mod.doc
ࡱ > E G D E@ bjbj "D | 4 n $ R 2 C C C C ` C ` ^V' < 4 &! % b &! & &! 6 D ~ Agavaceae: The Century Plant Family Agavaceae, a family closely related to the Liliaceae and Amaryllidaceae, are found in the form of trees, shrubs, or herbaceous plants, all of which are xerophytic (adapted to very dry conditions) plants found in the form of trees, shrubs or herbaceous plants. Since they are A rhizomatous plants, the vegetative parts of Agavaceae the plant continue growth until after flowering. A secondary thickening of the stem forms via a special cambium arising from the parenchyma outside of the vascular bundles, [what is distinct from dicotyledons] distinct from dicotyledons. Leaves grow in rosette form that may begin beginning at the base of the plant near the ground or from the ends of branches, [what is crowded at base of plants]crowded at base and thinning in appearance upwards along the branch. Leaves are succulent and thick, often fleshy, fibrous, heavy, and hard; they are and persistent in that they often remain (remaining unchanged) for several years. Simple leaves vary in form from lanceolate to extremely wide and concave; they are also , sometimes bayonet in shape and can be up to 3 meters long lacking stipules. The m Margins and apex of leaves are generally thorny with leaf veins unapparent. Perfect flowers form terminal or clustered panicles (a branched raceme). They do not bloom , not blooming annually. The perianth (sepals and petals) form a short to long tube with 6 lobes having an inferior (in the Agave genus) or superior (in the Yucca genus) 3- fused carpel ovary, a single and slender style, and 6 stamens located at base of the perianth tube. Flowers are fragrant; with petals are thick and fleshy and of a and greenish, white, or yellow colorpetals. They are , generally actinomorphic (radially symmetrical with more than one plane of symmetry) or slightly zygomorphic. The fruit of Agavaceae can form an indehiscent (not opening at maturity), and dry or fleshy and spongy capsule, or a berry that is sometimes winged. Plant regeneration is generally via vegetative reproduction. The family aAgavaceae family comprises some contains about 18 genera and 500 species that can be extremely variable in structure. The main genera are Main genuses include the Agave (300 species) and Yucca (40 species). Plants of the AMembers of the Agavaceae family are most often native to tropical and subtropical regions, but adapt well to a variety of climates, especially those that are especially arid or and semiarid climates. They are of Members of the agavaceae are of great economic importance in Mexico and other regions of the Americas and provide foo. Indigenous peoples throughout North and Central America rely on its plants for food, fiber, tools, soaps, and medicine, particularly for indigenous peoples through North and Central America. Today the leaves of the Agave tequilana, A. pacifica, and A. palmeri continue to be cultivated for their juice. A and the distillation of alcoholic beverages, such as tequila and mescal, are made from fermented from mashed cooked stems and heads that are cooked and mashed. A beverage known as pulque can be produced from the fermented sap of A. atrovirens. Roasted hearts of aAgave plants provide a food rich in sugar. The Agave sisalana, whose leaves are lacking spines, is used to produce harvested for its its a strong fibrous material known as sisal, which . The sisal can be made into rope as well as is harvested for rope because of its very strong characteristics and is used in the production of rugs, bags, and baskets. Members of the genus Agave contain steroidal saponins that are used medicinally in the commercial production of steroids. Some Agavaceae members also have ornamental importance which has led to extensive planting of various species throughout adaptable climates. The Agave americana or century plant can grow up to 7 meters tall and flowers after 15-20 years or growth, dying soon after seed formation. Additional important genuses include trees of the Cordyline, Dasylirion, Nolina grown for ornamental purposes and the genus Dracaena which provides a resin for varnishes and paintings. Members of the genus Agave contain steroidal saponins that are used medicinally in the commercial production of steroids. Agavaceae can be found throughout Asia, Southeast Asia, Australia, and Polynesia, as well as West Africa. It is common in from the southern United States, Mexico, Guatemala, and the S, Mexico to Guatemala, the Caribbean and West Africa. To date five species of this family have been collected in the Oapan, San Juan Tetelcingo, and Ameyaltepec area, belonging to the genera Agave (3 species) and Alloe (1 species). References: Dimmitt M. 2000. Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum. Agavaceae (Agave family). http://www.desertmuseum.org/books/nhsd_agav_nolin_intro.html. Heywood V.H. D.M. Moore, I.B.K. Richardson, W.T. Stearn 1993. Flowering plants of the World. Oxford University Press. New York. Pavone, P. 1999. Botanical Garden of the University of Catania. www.dipbot.unict.it/orto/boga.html Randall, R. 1998-2003. Plant protection society of Western Australia.1998, MONOCOTYLEDONS; AGAVACEAE - Agave Family. http://members.iinet.net.au/~weeds/western_weeds/mono_alliaceae.htm Snchez JM. 1998-2003 ARBOLES ORNAMENTALES. www.arbolesornamentales.com/agavaceae.htm Schmidt RJ. 2003. Botanical Dermatology Database. http://BoDD.cf.ac.uk/BoDDHomePage.html. Tormo, R. 2001. Lecciones Hipertextuales de Botnica. http://www.unex.es/botanica/presenta.htm Zomlefer W.B. 1994. Guide to flowering plant families. University of North Carolina Press. Chapel Hill, N.C. # % & 0 9 n r ' ) * 9 ; < F G L M g q { ȵ⏅rngcnnYFn % h+/ h(z cH dh dh dhtFH htFh(z hy hy hy h+/ % h+/ h @ cH dh dh dhtFH htFh @ % ho h(z cH dh dh dhtF% hT~ h(z cH dh dh dhtF% hq! h(z cH dh dh dhtFh' hq! H htFh(z hw hT~ ho ho 5OJ QJ \^J huY 5OJ QJ \^J % N O [ \ e f 8 9 [$ \$ gdb` [$ \$ gdKI [$ \$ gdEW [$ \$ gd [$ \$ gd ' D ^ ` c o | Q _ r { ŲϪϪzvrndd H htFh(z h& h h}0[ H htFh9 % ho h(z cH dh dh dhtF% hC h(z cH dh dh dhtFhC hT~ % hT~ h(z cH dh dh dhtFH htFh(z ho h+/ H htFh9 h! hwU % h:. h @ cH dh dh dhtFh:. $ 3 > C E _ j k 贰}yuybOKG h+/ hC % ho h(z cH dh dh dhtF% h& h(z cH dh dh dhtFh}0[ hR h! hY- % hY- h(z cH dh dh dhtFH htFh9 H htFh(z h& h2 % ho h(z cH dh dh dhtFhy % hy h(z cH dh dh dhtFH htFh(z ho % h+/ h(z cH dh dh dhtF * > ? M U V W c | ϼ✒ws h8 % h' h(z cH dh dh dhtFh' h H htFh(z h h-_ 6h-_ h w h! hBJ? h}0[ hC % ho h(z cH dh dh dhtF% hy h(z cH dh dh dhtFH htFh(z hy h hDU h+/ ho - ( < @ M O P X d f l w } 4 6 ? L M ~kgc h* hsx# % h5- h(z cH dh dh dhtF% h5- h(z cH dh dh dhtF% h5- h9 cH dh dh dhtF% h! h9 cH dh dh dhtFH htFh9 h5- hP % ho h(z cH dh dh dhtFhqh ho hBJ? H htFh(z H htFh9 h?#2 %M U e ~ 4 5 6 = > ? r_ % h Yi h(z cH dh dh dhtF% hC h(z cH dh dh dhtFH htFh @ % ho h(z cH dh dh dhtFh ' h h+/ H htFh(z h+ h ho % h& h\Cw cH dh dh dhtF% hy h\Cw cH dh dh dhtFH htFh\Cw hy h& h! ? E G S T _ d j - / 9 I P n o y { λvc_[_W[_[_v h hE0< ho % ho h(z cH dh dh dhtFH htFh(z h% hr& hr& 6h_H h% 6% hgC h(z cH dh dh dhtF% h% h(z cH dh dh dhtF% hn h(z cH dh dh dhtFH htFh(z h @ hC h Yi hC? hCI % hA h(z cH dh dh dhtF { 2 B E c d m t 뽪mieiia hd- hCI hVU % h^S h(z cH dh dh dhtF% h Yi h(z cH dh dh dhtF% hVU h(z cH dh dh dhtFho % ho h(z cH dh dh dhtF% h h(z cH dh dh dhtFh h % h h(z cH dh dh dhtFH htFh(z H htFh(z " ! " + - . / 0 8 > ? A H I W f g m r u y ˸ˎˊ|iV % hP h cH dh dh dhtF% h^S h cH dh dh dhtFh^S H htFh h* hP % ho h cH dh dh dhtF% ho h cH dh dh dhtF% ht? h cH dh dh dhtFH htFh ht? hVU H htFh(z hY- hY- hY- 6ho hY- h,M 6 ! ! 5 9 \ i k } ~ нzzp]J % ho h cH dh dh dhtF% hd- h cH dh dh dhtFH htFh % h,M h cH dh dh dhtFh,M h,M 6h,M h,M 6h,M hd- 6% hd- h cH dh dh dhtFh % ht? h cH dh dh dhtFH htFh hP hP 6ht? h Yi hd- H htFh h* hP , 1 9 ; < ? D E f r s v | ¯q^q^K^8 % h h cH dh dh dhtF% hA h cH dh dh dhtF% hE0< h cH dh dh dhtF% ho h cH dh dh dhtF% h] h cH dh dh dhtF. hE0< hE0< h 6cH dh dh dhtF % h] h cH dh dh dhtF% hE0< h cH dh dh dhtFH htFh hE0< ho 6hd- H htFh H htFh 2 8 9 C ] x ǴpZpVRVNJBJ>hi hr2z hl 6hl h*l h Yi h' + h 9$ h 9$ h cH dh dh dhtF% h 9$ h cH dh dh dhtF% h Yi h cH dh dh dhtF; h h 9$ h cH dh dh dhtF tF*6% h_F h cH dh dh dhtFho H htFh h % h h cH dh dh dhtF% h<S4 h cH dh dh dhtF / 2 G L & / 9 b c ɺɭ쩥ɥ % h+ h cH dh dh dhtFH htFh hKI h h+ hE0< H htFh 9$ h H htFh h 6 H htFh hcw^ hB+ hc% hUv hi 6 hc% 6hi hUv h*l 6h*l h,M +c e k l x ~ # * : ? M N O [ \ ! " 쳯}yryryrjfb^Z^S^L^L^ hL hr[_ h5 hr[_ hq hr[_ hb` h_ h h HM ] h HM 6] h HM ho hB+ h % h h cH dh dh dhtF% h[ h cH dh dh dhtFhuY % h Yi h cH dh dh dhtF% h h cH dh dh dhtF% h+ h cH dh dh dhtF% h[ h cH dh dh dhtF " ; < B d e f # % = @ 7 8 9 T U f p ɾ hw. hr[_ hkIe hr[_ h2X hr[_ mH sH hEW hr[_ hr[_ mH sH hA hr[_ mH sH hA hr[_ \mH sH hA hr[_ h hr[_ hKI hr[_ h)7 h' hr[_ hr[_ hL hr[_ # [$ \$ gd 1h / =!"#$% @ @ @ N o r m a l CJ _HaJ mH sH tH \ @ \ H e a d i n g 2 $ < @& 56CJ OJ QJ \]^J aJ D A@ D D e f a u l t P a r a g r a p h F o n t V i@ V T a b l e N o r m a l :V 4 4 l a ( k@ ( N o L i s t \ ^@ \ N o r m a l ( W e b ) d d [$\$ B*OJ PJ QJ ^J ph 6 U@ 6 { H y p e r l i n k >*B*ph * W@ * y S t r o n g 5\Z O "Z EW n a v i g b a r $d d [$\$a$ B*CJ OJ QJ aJ ph H @ 2H (z B a l l o o n T e x t CJ OJ QJ ^J aJ D % N O [ \ e f 8 9 0 0 @ 0 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 % N O [ \ e f 8 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 M ? { c " ! 8 @ 0 ( B S ? a g a v e ( ,C ߜ -C .C T /C 0C 1C 2C ģ 3C 4C %" 5C 4 6C 伫 7C 8C 죫 9C ӏ :C , ;C ߜ <C =C >C . ?C \8 @C 8 AC BC CC D DC EC l FC Tl GC l HC IC 윜 JC , KC D LC MC NC D OC PC QC RC dY" SC 1 * * 0 0 8 8 G G O O ~ m m | B B I [ [ ! # " $ & % ' 2 2 8 8 E E M M X X { H S S c c ! # " $ & % ' B ' *urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttagscountry-region 9 *urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttagsState = *urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags PlaceName = *urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags PlaceType 8 " *urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttagsCity 9 ( *urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttagsplace ( ' ( ' ( ( " ( " ( ( " ' ( ( ( ' ( ' ( ' ( ( ( ( ( ( ( " % . ; F g p 6 B R ^ [ c @ H C L 0 8 } b k G L _ g f l t u } # A B Z w > 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 % % ' ' * 9 L M { { D > C E E ? ? M M P P d f s s ? L ~ 4 5 = = > > ? ? E E E E N N c c d d m m t t y y } ~ 1 9 : : E f 2 2 8 8 9 9 C C N N ] ] 2 & 9 b b b b b g g P r e f e r r e d C u s t o m e r Ie bnH K + )7 _F VU *l wU ' f m KI t? * 2X A M V ! 4# sx# 9$ U$ % c% & r& ' ' ' * fM* + B+ ', *K, 5- Y- w. :. +/ ?#2 <S4 q4 8 J; E0< !>? BJ? @ gC GC M HM O-P ^S DU EW uY }0[ '\ cw^ -_ r[_ b` Sd kIe xf Fh qh Yi l =m fGr Tt Uv \Cw r2z oz :n| X[} T~ B ,M ^ ] {{ \ y ] CI ' d n _ gA o w d- r : w M z8 R [ C? A L C_ 2 9 P q! n _H ~9 u Jt @ i (z j 5 C X _ V 7 ? { ^ ! 9 P q E }T H , @ < @ U n k n o w n G : T i m e s N e w R o m a n 5 S y m b o l 3& : A r i a l I A r i a l U n i c o d e M S 7& V e r d a n a 5& z a T a h o m a " q h tFtF I ' I ' 4% 24 d 3Q H ( ? 0 , b Oh +'0 ` ( 4 @ H P X s s b b b Normal.dot rm 4 rm Microsoft Word 10.0 @ @ |$@ `& I ՜. +,0 h p 2 Yale School of Forestry and Environmental Studies n ' Title ! " $ % & ' ( ) * + , - . / 0 1 2 3 5 6 7 8 9 : ; = > ? @ A B C F R o o t E n t r y F k'H 1 T a b l e # &! W o r d D o c u m e n t "D S u m m a r y I n f o r m a t i o n ( 4 D o c u m e n t S u m m a r y I n f o r m a t i o n 8 < C o m p O b j j F Microsoft Word Document MSWordDoc Word.Document.8 9q