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/home/cluster1/data/bu01/1121861/html/barcoding-electronic-docs/Myers-et-al_Biodiversity-hotspots-for-conservation-priorities_2000.pdf
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[(G)15(reen)-269(Coll)13(ege,)-268(Oxfor)17(d)-268(U)21(niversity)58(,)-273(U)21(pper)-266(M)14(eadow)49(,)-266(Old)-271(R)21(oad,)-263(Head)16(ington,)-266(Oxford)-258(O)46(X)0(3)-270(8SZ,)-265(UK)]TJ /F1 1 Tf -0.5975 -1.1879 TD (\262)Tj /F4 1 Tf 0.6544 -0.064 TD [(Conservation)-278(In)14(ternational,)-275(2501)-262(M)-270(S)0(t)-9(reet)-267(NW)99(,)-273(W)81(ashington,)-267(DC)-269(20037,)-266(USA)]TJ /F1 1 Tf -0.6544 -1.1879 TD (\263)Tj /F4 1 Tf 0.6544 -0.064 TD [(Centre)-268(for)-266(App)14(lied)-267(Biodiversity)-266(Sc)-11(ience,)-262(Cons)14(er)-22(vation)-269(In)14(ternational,)-268(2501)-269(M)-270(S)0(t)-9(reet)-267(NW)99(,)-266(W)74(ashington,)-267(DC)-269(20037,)-266(USA)]TJ /F1 1 Tf -0.6544 -1.2519 TD (\247)Tj /F4 1 Tf 0.6544 0 TD [(35)-273(Dor)15(chester)-269(Close,)-266(H)17(eadington,)-268(Oxfor)17(d)-268(O)39(X3)-263(8SS,)-270(UK)]TJ /F5 1 Tf 8.966 0 0 8.966 45.638 589.89 Tm -0.041 Tc 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[(v)-13(i)0(r)-15(tually)-345(all)-348(forms)-354(of)-345(animal)-351(life)-346(and)-351(ar)12(e)-349(fairly)-352(well)-347(known)-353(scien-)]TJ 0 -1.132 TD [(ti\256cally)46(.)-257(T)114(o)-257(qualify)-265(as)-255(a)-261(hotspot,)-261(an)-258(ar)12(ea)-261(must)-259(c)12(ontain)-261(at)-261(least)-256(0.5%)]TJ 0 -1.1259 TD [(or)-266(1,500)-262(of)-260(the)-265(world')59(s)-258(300,000)-265(plant)-266(species)]TJ 5.559 0 0 5.559 204.718 342.198 Tm (20)Tj 9.265 0 0 9.265 212.485 338.513 Tm [(as)-261(endemics.)-266(In)-264(fact,)]TJ 9.4475 41.7732 TD [(15)-284(of)-290(the)-289(25)-284(hotspots)-292(c)12(ontain)-292(at)-285(least)-287(2,500)-286(endemic)-296(plant)-285(species,)]TJ 0 -1.132 TD [(and)-272(10)-272(of)-272(them)-269(at)-273(least)-275(5,000.)]TJ 0.9668 -1.1259 TD [(The)-383(four)-389(ve)11(r)-15(tebrate)-378(groups,)-371(mammals,)-382(birds,)-375(rep)14(tiles)-381(and)-382(am-)]TJ -0.9668 -1.132 TD [(phibians,)-288(comprise)-284(27,298)-285(species,)-290(consisting)-284(of)-284(4,809)-286(mammals)]TJ 5.559 0 0 5.559 540.567 697.833 Tm (21)Tj 9.265 0 0 9.265 545.839 694.148 Tm 0 Tw (,)Tj -26.5312 -1.1259 TD [(9,881)-409(bird)11(s)]TJ 5.559 0 0 5.559 342.482 687.401 Tm (22)Tj 9.265 0 0 9.265 347.811 683.716 Tm [(,)-410(7,828)-409(reptiles)]TJ 5.559 0 0 5.559 404.504 687.401 Tm (23)Tj 9.265 0 0 9.265 413.575 683.716 Tm [(and)-412(4,780)-409(amphibians)]TJ 5.559 0 0 5.559 498.727 687.401 Tm (24)Tj 9.265 0 0 9.265 504.057 683.716 Tm [(.)-410(The)-407(other)]TJ -22.0217 -1.132 TD [(ve)11(r)-15(tebrate)-219(group)28(,)-220(\256shes,)-216(is)-220(ex)21(cluded)-221(because)-220(data)-223(ar)12(e)-220(generally)-233(poor)]TJ 0 -1.1259 TD [(\(there)-211(c)12(ould)-220(well)-212(be)-218(at)-218(least)-220(5,000)-213(species)-223(waiting)-217(to)-220(be)-218(disc)11(o)12(ver)14(ed)]TJ 5.559 0 0 5.559 540.567 666.482 Tm (25)Tj 9.265 0 0 9.265 545.896 662.797 Tm (,)Tj -26.5374 -1.132 TD [(or)-432(more)-423(than)-437(all)-434(mammals\).)-435(He)11(reafter)-429(`vertebrates')-397(refer)9(s)-435(t)0(o)-428(all)]TJ T* [(ve)11(r)-15(tebrates)-281(ex)15(c)12(ept)-283(\256shes.)-283(V)103(e)0(r)-9(tebrates)-287(do)-283(not)-285(ser)-10(ve)-270(as)-286(an)-282(alternative)]TJ 0 -1.1259 TD [(determinant)-514(of)-511(hotspot)-512(status,)-510(nor)-502(do)-509(their)-499(endemics)-511(hav)19(e)-508(t)0(o)]TJ 0 -1.132 TD [(c)12(omprise)-419(0.5%)-414(of)-413(g)-7(lobal)-413(totals.)-415(If)-416(an)-411(ar)12(ea)-414(quali\256es)-415(by)-414(the)-411(0.5%)]TJ 0 -1.1259 TD [(plants)-267(criterion)-278(\(and)-264(the)-271(habitat)-269(threat)-259(criterion\),)-276(it)-269(mak)10(es)-270(the)-265(list.)]TJ 0 -1.132 TD [(V)103(e)0(r)-9(tebrates)-336(ser)-10(ve)-319(as)-329(back-up)-334(suppor)-17(t,)-330(and)-327(also)-330(to)-331(determine)-336(c)12(on-)]TJ 0 -1.1259 TD [(gruence)-262(and)-272(to)-276(facilitate)-273(other)-262(comparisons)-268(among)-275(the)-271(hotspots.)]TJ 0.9668 -1.132 TD [(The)-285(analysis)-288(omits)-286(in)22(vertebrates,)-291(which)-286(are)-276(largely)-284(undocumen-)]TJ -0.9668 -1.1259 TD [(ted)-344(but)-338(probably)-347(mak)10(e)-343(u)0(p)-335(a)0(t)-346(least)-342(95%)-341(of)-339(all)-342(species,)-345(the)-338(bulk)-333(of)]TJ 0 -1.132 TD [(them)-458(insects.)-463(T)114(o)-459(the)-460(extent)-460(that)-458(the)-460(\256v)13(e)-459(categories)-467(of)-456(endemic)]TJ 0 -1.1259 TD [(species)-315(assessed)-309(are)-307(sometimes)-315(matched)-310(by)-303(similar)-299(conc)14(entrations)]TJ 0 -1.132 TD [(of)-419(endemic)-418(insect)-426(species,)-418(the)-418(hotspots)-421(thesis)-419(can)-417(be)-420(applied)-418(to)]TJ 0 -1.1259 TD [(in)22(vertebrates)-389(as)-384(well.)-389(In)-380(an)17(y)-373(case,)-384(if)-387(we)-382(were)-379(to)-380(lose,)-387(say)57(,)-379(half)-388(of)]TJ 0 -1.132 TD [(endemic)-186(plant)-181(species,)-186(we)-186(c)12(ould)-183(well)-181(lose)-186(a)-181(large)-180(and)-186(perhaps)-183(similar)]TJ 0 -1.1259 TD [(proportion)-294(of)-284(insect)-285(species.)-290(The)-285(\256g)-287(genus,)-290(for)-275(example,)-288(being)-289(the)]TJ 0 -1.132 TD [(most)-391(w)-8(idespread)-384(of)-388(plant)-389(genera)-391(in)-382(the)-393(tropics,)-378(comprises)-383(more)]TJ 0 -1.1259 TD [(than)-174(900)-178(species,)-180(each)-176(of)-174(which)-176(is)-178(pollinated)-182(b)14(y)-177(a)-175(sing)-11(le)-178(wasp)-173(species;)]TJ 0 -1.132 TD [(c)12(o)0(n)15(v)0(e)11(rsely)50(,)-324(the)-320(wasps)-321(depend)-326(on)-322(the)-326(\256gs)12(')-319(ovaries)-320(as)-317(sites)-325(for)-336(their)]TJ 0 -1.1259 TD [(lar)-14(vae)-200(to)-202(develop)]TJ 5.559 0 0 5.559 362.324 467.716 Tm (26)Tj 9.265 0 0 9.265 367.653 464.031 Tm [(.)-202(Althoug)-11(h)-203(the)-203(plant/insect)-205(c)12(onnection)-212(is)-196(variable)]TJ -7.2998 -1.132 TD [(in)-260(general)-263(application)]TJ 5.559 0 0 5.559 380.976 457.285 Tm [(27)-62(\261)-61(3)0(0)]TJ 9.265 0 0 9.265 395.093 453.543 Tm [(,)-257(i)0(t)-256(i)0(s)-263(suppor)-10(ted)-258(by)-261(the)-258(man)19(y)-269(pollination)-13(,)]TJ -10.2613 -1.1259 TD [(her)-11(bivor)-14(y)-275(and)-272(other)-274(r)15(elationships)-280(between)-273(plants)-273(and)-272(insects.)]TJ 0.9668 -1.132 TD [(The)-199(endemism)-209(data)-204(tend)-201(to)-202(be)-200(minimalist)-204(for)-214(two)-192(rea)12(sons.)-207(One)-202(is)]TJ -0.9668 -1.1259 TD [(the)-460(lack)-452(of)-462(rec)15(ent)-463(documentation)-466(in)-462(the)-467(form)-463(of,)-461(for)-453(example,)]TJ 0 -1.132 TD [(modern)-465(\257oras.)-471(F)14(o)0(r)-468(instance,)-457(there)-451(is)-465(no)-469(up-to-date)-469(ac)15(count)-460(of)]TJ 0 -1.1259 TD [(Brazil')51(s)-197(plant)-193(species)-192(even)-182(thoug)-18(h)-191(the)-191(countr)-17(y)-202(i)0(s)-196(believed)-184(to)-190(har)-14(bour)]TJ 0 -1.132 TD [(the)-307(Ear)-12(th)41(')48(s)-301(richest)-311(\257ora,)-311(at)-303(least)-311(50,000)-309(species)-309(or)-297(one-sixth)-311(of)-309(the)]TJ 0 -1.1259 TD [(planetar)-22(y)-477(total.)-469(Second,)-462(and)-467(more)-460(impor)-14(tantly)47(,)-465(endemism)-472(data)]TJ 0 -1.132 TD [(almost)-573(alwa)14(ys)-570(rela)11(te)-575(only)-586(to)-575(indiv)-10(idual)-578(c)12(ountries)-580(or)-572(par)-8(ts)-576(of)]TJ 0 -1.1259 TD [(c)12(ountries,)-359(whereas)-348(12)-351(of)-352(the)-356(hotspots)-354(extend)-357(across)-345(two)-345(or)-352(more)]TJ 0 -1.132 TD [(c)12(ountries)-200(and)-192(six)-193(acr)12(oss)-192(four)-187(or)-193(mor)11(e)-196(c)12(ountries.)-200(In)-191(these)-192(cases,)-195(it)-189(has)]TJ 0 -1.1259 TD -0.019 Tc [(been)-310(dif\256cul)5(t)-313(to)-313(c)12(o)-1(mpute)-313(r)8(eg)5(ional)-314(t)-1(o)5(t)-1(als)-314(f)3(or)-316(hotspot-w)-19(i)10(de)-313(endemics)5(,)]TJ ET 39.969 748.743 58.45 -4.989 re f* BT /F2 1 Tf 14.944 0 0 14.944 39.969 752.712 Tm 0 Tc [(artic)-8(les)]TJ 7.223 0 0 7.223 39.969 12.586 Tm [(85)-10(4)]TJ /F1 1 Tf 6.725 0 0 6.725 386.022 12.586 Tm [(NA)103(TURE)]TJ 3.985 0 0 7.97 412.668 12.586 Tm (|)Tj 6.725 0 0 6.725 414.822 12.586 Tm [(V)51(O)0(L)-270(403)]TJ 3.985 0 0 7.97 440.22 12.586 Tm (|)Tj 6.725 0 0 6.725 442.318 12.586 Tm [(24)-273(FEBR)28(U)63(A)0(R)31(Y)-267(2000)]TJ 3.985 0 0 7.97 498.331 12.586 Tm (|)Tj 6.974 0 0 6.974 500.428 12.586 Tm [(www)39(.natu)-11(re.c)21(om)]TJ ET 39.969 310.394 508.138 -0.283 re f 39.969 300.926 508.138 -0.283 re f BT /F8 1 Tf 6.725 0 0 6.725 39.969 303.364 Tm [(Tabl)-12(e)-271(1)-269(The)-274(25)-276(hotspots)]TJ /F9 1 Tf 6.476 0 0 6.476 39.969 289.871 Tm [(Hotspot)-14046(Original)-268(extent)-273(of)]TJ 17.1591 -1.1906 TD [(primary)-264(vegetation)]TJ 2.854 -1.1906 TD (\(km)Tj 4.371 0 0 4.317 179.716 277.342 Tm (2)Tj 6.476 0 0 6.476 182.154 274.45 Tm (\))Tj 5.3228 2.3813 TD [(Remaining)-259(primary)]TJ 0.5603 -1.1906 TD [(vegetation)-260(\(km)]TJ 4.371 0 0 4.317 260.844 285.052 Tm (2)Tj 6.476 0 0 6.476 263.225 282.161 Tm (\))Tj -7.529 -1.1906 TD [(\(%)-268(of)-274(original)-262(extent\))]TJ 10.5494 2.3813 TD [(Area)-264(protected)-271(\(km)]TJ 4.371 0 0 4.317 336.076 292.762 Tm (2)Tj 6.476 0 0 6.476 338.513 289.871 Tm (\))Tj -7.1788 -1.1906 TD [(\(%)-268(of)-265(hotspot\))]TJ 9.7789 1.1906 TD (Plant)Tj -0.5515 -1.1906 TD (species)Tj 5.8831 1.1906 TD [(Endemic)-270(plants)]TJ -0.7792 -1.1906 TD [(\(%)-268(of)-265(global)-275(plants,)]TJ 2.1799 -1.1906 TD (300,000\))Tj 7.8617 2.3813 TD (Vertebrate)Tj 0.5866 -1.1906 TD (species)Tj 5.708 1.1906 TD [(Endemic)-270(vertebrates)]TJ 1.891 -1.1906 TD [(\(%)-268(of)-274(global)]TJ -1.7859 -1.1906 TD [(vertebrates,)-264(27,298\))]TJ -69.6958 -1.8822 TD [(Tropical)-275(Andes)-12785(1,258,000)-4827(314,500)-259(\(25.0\))-4641(79,687)-268(\(25.3\))-3179(45,000)-3323(20,000)-259(\(6.7%\))-3599(3,389)-4646(1,567)-260(\(5.7%\))]TJ 0 -1.1906 TD [(Mesoamerica)-13402(1,155,000)-4827(231,000)-259(\(20.0\))-4063(138,437)-259(\(59.9\))-3214(24,000)-3901(5,000)-269(\(1.7%\))-3564(2,859)-4646(1,159)-260(\(4.2%\))]TJ 0 -1.1994 TD [(Caribbean)-15552(263,500)-5441(29,840)-259(\(11.3\))-4641(29,840)-268(\(100.0\))-2592(12,000)-3901(7,000)-269(\(2.3%\))-3564(1,518)-5521(779)-261(\(2.9%\))]TJ 0 -1.1906 TD [(Brazil's)-272(Atlantic)-270(Forest)-9710(1,227,600)-5379(91,930)-259(\(7.5\))-5193(33,084)-268(\(35.9\))-3179(20,000)-3901(8,000)-269(\(2.7%\))-3564(1,361)-5521(567)-261(\(2.1%\))]TJ T* [(Choc/Darien/Western)-262(Ecuador)-6808(260,600)-5441(63,000)-259(\(24.2\))-4606(16,471)-268(\(26.1\))-3766(9,000)-3867(2,250)-269(\(0.8%\))-3564(1,625)-5521(418)-261(\(1.5%\))]TJ T* [(Brazil's)-272(Cerrado)-12341(1,783,200)-4827(356,630)-259(\(20.0\))-4615(22,000)-259(\(6.2\))-3766(10,000)-3901(4,400)-269(\(1.5%\))-3564(1,268)-5521(117)-261(\(0.4%\))]TJ T* [(Central)-274(Chile)-14429(300,000)-5520(90,000)-259(\(30.0\))-5193(9,167)-269(\(10.2\))-3731(3,429)-3867(1,605)-269(\(0.5%\))-4290(335)-6206(61)-270(\(0.2%\))]TJ 0 -1.1994 TD [(California)-272(Floristic)-263(Province)-8445(324,000)-5520(80,000)-259(\(24.7\))-4606(31,443)-268(\(39.3\))-3766(4,426)-3867(2,125)-269(\(0.7%\))-4290(584)-6206(71)-270(\(0.3%\))]TJ 0 -1.1906 TD [(Madagascar*)-14223(594,150)-5485(59,038)-259(\(9.9\))-5193(11,548)-268(\(19.6\))-3179(12,000)-3901(9,704)-269(\(3.2%\))-4290(987)-5628(771)-261(\(2.8%\))]TJ T* [(Eastern)-272(Arc)-268(and)-267(Coastal)-271(Forests)-266(of)]TJ T* (Tanzania/Kenya)Tj 20.5121 1.1906 TD [(30,000)-6029(2,000)-269(\(6.7\))-5622(2,000)-269(\(100.0\))-3301(4,000)-3867(1,500)-269(\(0.5%\))-3564(1,019)-5521(121)-261(\(0.4%\))]TJ -20.5121 -2.3813 TD [(Western)-274(African)-265(Forests)-8951(1,265,000)-4827(126,500)-259(\(10.0\))-4641(20,324)-268(\(16.1\))-3766(9,000)-3867(2,250)-269(\(0.8%\))-3564(1,320)-5521(270)-261(\(1.0%\))]TJ 0 -1.1994 TD [(Cape)-271(Floristic)-272(Province)-10677(74,000)-5486(18,000)-259(\(24.3\))-4606(14,060)-268(\(78.1\))-3766(8,200)-3867(5,682)-269(\(1.9%\))-4290(562)-6206(53)-270(\(0.2%\))]TJ 0 -1.1906 TD [(Succulent)-266(Karoo)-12792(112,000)-5520(30,000)-259(\(26.8\))-5158(2,352)-269(\(7.8\))-4318(4,849)-3867(1,940)-269(\(0.6%\))-4290(472)-6206(45)-270(\(0.2%\))]TJ T* [(Mediterranean)-271(Basin)-10345(2,362,000)-4792(110,000)-267(\(4.7\))-5219(42,123)-268(\(38.3\))-3179(25,000)-3323(13,000)-259(\(4.3%\))-4325(770)-5628(235)-261(\(0.9%\))]TJ T* [(Caucasus)-15696(500,000)-5441(50,000)-259(\(10.0\))-4606(14,050)-268(\(28.1\))-3766(6,300)-3867(1,600)-269(\(0.5%\))-4290(632)-6206(59)-270(\(0.2%\))]TJ T* [(Sundaland)-14580(1,600,000)-4792(125,000)-267(\(7.8\))-5219(90,000)-268(\(72.0\))-3179(25,000)-3323(15,000)-259(\(5.0%\))-3599(1,800)-5521(701)-261(\(2.6%\))]TJ T* [(Wallacea)-16124(347,000)-5441(52,020)-259(\(15.0\))-4606(20,415)-268(\(39.2\))-3179(10,000)-3901(1,500)-269(\(0.5%\))-3564(1,142)-5521(529)-261(\(1.9%\))]TJ 0 -1.1994 TD [(Philippines)-15406(300,800)-5984(9,023)-269(\(3.0\))-5745(3,910)-269(\(43.3\))-3731(7,620)-3867(5,832)-269(\(1.9%\))-3564(1,093)-5521(518)-261(\(1.9%\))]TJ 0 -1.1906 TD [(Indo-Burma)-14068(2,060,000)-4792(100,000)-267(\(4.9\))-4677(100,000)-259(\(100.0\))-2627(13,500)-3901(7,000)-269(\(2.3%\))-3564(2,185)-5521(528)-261(\(1.9%\))]TJ T* [(South-Central)-264(China)-11239(800,000)-5406(64,000)-259(\(8.0\))-5193(16,562)-268(\(25.9\))-3179(12,000)-3901(3,500)-269(\(1.2%\))-3564(1,141)-5521(178)-261(\(0.7%\))]TJ T* [(Western)-274(Ghats/Sri)-262(Lanka)-9249(182,500)-5406(12,450)-259(\(6.8\))-5228(12,450)-268(\(100.0\))-3178(4,780)-3867(2,180)-269(\(0.7%\))-3564(1,073)-5521(355)-261(\(1.3%\))]TJ T* [(SW)-272(Australia)-14539(309,850)-5441(33,336)-259(\(10.8\))-4641(33,336)-268(\(100.0\))-3178(5,469)-3867(4,331)-269(\(1.4%\))-4290(456)-5628(100)-261(\(0.4%\))]TJ 0 -1.1994 TD [(New)-274(Caledonia)-13964(18,600)-6064(5,200)-269(\(28.0\))-5158(526.7)-269(\(10.1\))-3731(3,332)-3867(2,551)-269(\(0.9%\))-4290(190)-6206(84)-270(\(0.3%\))]TJ 0 -1.1906 TD [(New)-274(Zealand)-14331(270,500)-5441(59,400)-259(\(22.0\))-4606(52,068)-268(\(87.7\))-3766(2,300)-3867(1,865)-269(\(0.6%\))-4290(217)-5628(136)-261(\(0.5%\))]TJ T* [(Polynesia/Micronesia)-11458(46,000)-5486(10,024)-259(\(21.8\))-5193(4,913)-269(\(49.0\))-3731(6,557)-3867(3,334)-269(\(1.1%\))-4290(342)-5628(223)-261(\(0.8%\))]TJ T* [(Totals)-16040(17,444,300)-4126(2,122,891)-266(\(12.2\))-3949(800,767)-259(\(37.7\))-4457(\262)-4123(133,149)-267(\(44%\))-4738(\262)-5594(9,645)-269(\(35%\))]TJ /F1 1 Tf 5.978 0 0 5.978 39.969 56.806 Tm [(..............................................)-6(..............................................)-6(...................................)]TJ 30.369 0 TD [(......................................................)-6(..............................................)-6(...........................)]TJ 30.3715 0 TD [(..............................................................)-6(.......................................)]TJ /F9 1 Tf -60.7406 -1.2424 TD [(Documentation)-271(of)-269(plant)-269(and)-264(vertebrate)-274(species)-270(and)-264(endemism)-266(can)-268(be)-274(found)-265(in)-277(Supplementary)-260(Information.)]TJ 0 -1.1665 TD [(*)-168(Madagascar)-266(includes)-275(the)-270(nearby)-263(islands)-269(of)-269(Mauritius,)-266(Reunion,)-268(Seychelles)-270(and)-264(Comores.)]TJ T* [(\262)-169(These)-271(totals)-269(cannot)-269(be)-264(summed)-271(owing)-265(to)-267(overlapping)-271(between)-270(hotspots.)]TJ ET endstream endobj 16 0 obj <</ExtGState <</GS2 12 0 R >> /Font <</F1 5 0 R /F2 6 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[(Western)-274(Ghats/Sri)-262(Lanka)-7577(528)-5313(40)-4464(140)-5777(38)-4385(259)-5190(161)-4420(146)-5190(116)-4008(1,073)-4768(355)]TJ T* [(SW)-272(Australia)-12866(181)-5313(19)-4972(54)-6320(7)-4438(191)-5777(50)-4893(30)-5821(24)-4770(456)-4805(100)]TJ T* [(New)-274(Caledonia)-11784(116)-5313(22)-5558(9)-6285(6)-4946(65)-5821(56)-5322(0)-6452(0)-4815(190)-5313(84)]TJ 0 -1.1994 TD [(New)-274(Zealand)-12659(149)-5313(68)-5558(3)-6285(3)-4946(61)-5821(61)-5322(4)-6452(4)-4815(217)-4805(136)]TJ 0 -1.1906 TD [(Polynesia/Micronesia)-9278(254)-4805(174)-4927(16)-6320(9)-4946(6)0(9)-5821(3)0(7)-5322(3)-6452(3)-4815(342)-4805(223)]TJ T* [(Total)-270(endemics)-266(and)-267(%)-271(o)0(f)]TJ T* [(global)-275(total)]TJ 18.5949 1.1906 TD [(*)-5048(2,821)]TJ 5.2353 -1.1906 TD (28.5%)Tj 7.6866 1.1906 TD [(*)-5048(1,314)]TJ 5.2353 -1.1906 TD (27.3%)Tj 7.6866 1.1906 TD [(*)-5048(2,938)]TJ 5.2353 -1.1906 TD (37.5%)Tj 7.6953 1.1906 TD [(*)-5039(2,572)]TJ 5.2265 -1.1906 TD (53.8%)Tj 13.0882 1.1906 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[(w)-14(ith)-356(79%.)-365(\()-17(The)-358(\256rst)-364(is)-355(a)-358(large)-363(ar)12(ea)-340(wher)12(e)-361(one)-359(c)12(ould)-361(expect)-360(hig)-14(h)]TJ 0 -1.132 TD [(congruenc)9(e;)-275(the)-277(other)-292(two)-265(ar)12(e)-282(only)-267(one-\256fth)-279(and)-278(one-tenth)-281(as)-280(big)-10(,)]TJ 0 -1.1259 TD [(respectiv)12(ely)48(.\))-230(In)-234(contrast,)-231(Cape)-236(Floristic)-234(Pr)20(ovince)-230(possesses)-239(1.9%)-230(of)]TJ 0 -1.132 TD [(all)-232(plants)-237(but)-234(only)-231(0.2%)-236(of)-229(all)-232(vertebrates,)-242(for)-232(11%)-230(c)12(ongruence,)-229(and)]TJ 0 -1.1259 TD [(the)-240(M)20(editerranean)-242(Basin)-238(possesses)-239(4.3%)-242(of)-235(all)-232(plants)-243(but)-234(only)-237(0.9%)]TJ 0 -1.132 TD [(of)-248(all)-250(ve)11(r)-15(tebrates,)-250(for)-245(21%.)-248(Congruence)-246(tends)-245(to)-251(be)-249(hig)-8(h)-246(i)0(n)-248(tropical)]TJ 0 -1.1259 TD 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[(impor)-14(tance.)]TJ 29.0338 55.3264 TD [(T)90(w)0(o)-259(additional)-276(hotspots,)-274(the)-271(T)96(ropical)-265(Andes)-273(and)-272(the)-271(M)20(editerra-)]TJ -0.9668 -1.132 TD [(nean)-525(Basin,)-531(should)-528(be)-524(c)12(onsidered)-524(as)-525(h)23(y)-12(per)20(-hot)-531(candidates)-528(for)]TJ 0 -1.1259 TD [(c)12(onser)-14(vation)-246(suppor)-10(t)-239(i)0(n)-241(ligh)-8(t)-239(o)0(f)-241(their)-224(ex)15(c)12(eptional)-241(totals)-244(of)-235(endemic)]TJ 0 -1.132 TD [(plants:)-230(20,000)-236(and)-229(13,000,)-229(respectiv)12(ely)54(.)-232(The)-230(T)90(r)15(opical)-238(Andes)-230(is)-233(at)-230(the)]TJ 0 -1.1259 TD [(top)-265(for)-257(endemic)-265(ve)11(r)-15(tebrates)-263(too)18(,)-263(and)-265(the)-265(M)20(editerranean)-272(third)-256(after)]TJ 0 -1.132 TD [(Sundala)10(nd)-433(for)-422(endemic)-431(plants,)-438(w)-8(ith)-429(34%)-432(mor)11(e)-435(than)-431(the)-430(four)-16(th)]TJ 0 -1.1259 TD 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[(these)-259(habitats)-257(face)-251(a)-254(hig)-14(h)-252(risk)-249(of)-260(elimination.)-264(M)14(a)0(n)17(y)-244(of)-260(the)-258(hotspots)]TJ 0 -1.1259 TD [(c)12(ould)-220(well)-218(contain)-212(sizeable)-221(proportions)-227(of)-217(endemic)-223(in)16(ve)11(r)-9(tebrates.)-226(It)]TJ 0 -1.132 TD [(is)-184(often)-190(supposed)]TJ 5.559 0 0 5.559 363.572 394.469 Tm 0.062 Tc (1\2614)Tj 9.265 0 0 9.265 374.06 390.784 Tm 0 Tc [(that,)-182(were)-177(the)-185(presen)9(t)-184(mass)-187(extinction)-193(of)-180(species)]TJ -7.9912 -1.1259 TD [(to)-288(proc)20(eed)-289(v)-13(i)0(r)-15(tually)-290(uncheck)9(ed,)-289(between)-292(one-third)-281(and)-290(two-thir)15(ds)]TJ 0 -1.132 TD [(of)-376(all)-372(species)-376(w)16(ould)-379(be)-371(lik)12(ely)-386(to)-373(disappear)-388(w)-8(ithin)-377(the)-375(for)12(eseeabl)-10(e)]TJ 0 -1.1259 TD [(future.)-313(The)-315(hotspots)-317(analysis)-324(indicates)-320(that)-317(much)-321(of)-315(this)-320(problem)]TJ 0 -1.132 TD 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748.743 58.45 -4.989 re f* BT /F2 1 Tf 14.944 0 0 14.944 39.969 752.712 Tm [(artic)-8(les)]TJ 7.223 0 0 7.223 39.969 12.586 Tm [(85)-10(6)]TJ /F1 1 Tf 6.725 0 0 6.725 386.022 12.586 Tm [(NA)103(TURE)]TJ 3.985 0 0 7.97 412.668 12.586 Tm (|)Tj 6.725 0 0 6.725 414.822 12.586 Tm [(V)51(O)0(L)-270(403)]TJ 3.985 0 0 7.97 440.22 12.586 Tm (|)Tj 6.725 0 0 6.725 442.318 12.586 Tm [(24)-273(FEBR)28(U)63(A)0(R)31(Y)-267(2000)]TJ 3.985 0 0 7.97 498.331 12.586 Tm (|)Tj 6.974 0 0 6.974 500.428 12.586 Tm [(www)39(.natu)-11(re.c)21(om)]TJ ET 39.969 185.216 248.088 -0.227 re f 39.969 175.748 248.088 -0.227 re f BT /F8 1 Tf 6.725 0 0 6.725 39.969 178.186 Tm [(Tabl)-12(e)-271(3)-269(Leadi)-11(ng)-270(hotspots)-276(in)-273(terms)-281(of)-267(endemi)-13(cs)]TJ /F9 1 Tf 6.476 0 0 6.476 39.969 164.75 Tm [(Hotspot)-11937(Endemic)-270(plants)]TJ 12.9306 -1.1994 TD [(\(%)-268(of)-274(global)-266(total,)-268(300,000\))]TJ 15.4257 1.1994 TD [(Endemic)-270(vertebrates)]TJ -1.0681 -1.1994 TD 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[(Caucasus)-12868(0.5%)-6651(0.2%)-6546(40)]TJ T* [(Sundaland)-12557(5.0%)-6651(2.6%)-6546(52)]TJ T* [(Wallacea)-13296(0.5%)-6651(1.9%)-6546(26)]TJ T* [(Philippines)-12578(1.9%)-6651(1.9%)-6038(100)]TJ 0 -1.1994 TD [(Indo-Burma)-12046(2.3%)-6651(1.9%)-6546(83)]TJ 0 -1.1906 TD [(South-Central)-264(China)-8411(1.2%)-6651(0.7%)-6546(58)]TJ T* [(Western)-274(Ghats/Sri)-262(Lanka)-6421(0.7%)-6651(1.3%)-6546(54)]TJ T* [(SW)-272(Australia)-11711(1.4%)-6651(0.4%)-6546(29)]TJ T* [(New)-274(Caledonia)-10628(0.9%)-6651(0.3%)-6546(33)]TJ T* [(New)-274(Zealand)-11503(0.6%)-6651(0.5%)-6546(83)]TJ 0 -1.1994 TD [(Polynesia/Micronesia)-8123(1.1%)-6651(0.8%)-6546(73)]TJ /F1 1 Tf 5.978 0 0 5.978 45.638 490.677 Tm [(..............................................)-6(..............................................)-6(...................................)]TJ 30.369 0 TD (..............................................)Tj ET 45.638 158.683 508.138 -0.227 re f 45.638 149.216 508.138 -0.227 re f BT /F8 1 Tf 6.725 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[($400)-275(million)-271(spent)-275(on)-267(hotspots)-274(o)12(ver)-273(the)-271(past)-269(decade,)-275(it)-269(is)-269(still)-271(only)]TJ 0 -1.132 TD [(tw)-14(ice)-171(the)-185(c)12(ost)-185(of)-180(a)-181(sing)-11(le)-185(P)30(ath\256nder)-183(mission)-185(to)-184(M)14(ars,)-185(which)-182(has)-183(been)]TJ 0 -1.1259 TD [(justi\256ed)-250(largely)-229(on)-242(biodiversity)-253(grou)11(nds)-244(\(the)-238(search)-236(for)-245(extraterres-)]TJ 0 -1.132 TD [(trial)-282(life\).)-276(The)-279($500)-275(million)-277(annually)-289(is)-282(to)-276(be)-273(compar)18(ed,)-276(moreo)11(ve)11(r)52(,)]TJ 0 -1.1259 TD [(w)-14(ith)-447(a)-450(rec)15(ent)-450(estimate)]TJ 5.559 0 0 5.559 126.879 572.315 Tm (47)Tj 9.265 0 0 9.265 136.403 568.63 Tm [(for)-447(a)-450(compr)16(ehensive)-441(conservation)-462(pr)14(o-)]TJ -10.4081 -1.132 TD [(gramme)-438(to)-435(protect)-427(biodiver)10(sit)-12(y)-434(world)11(-w)-11(ide)-435(costing)-427($300)-434(billion)]TJ 0 -1.1259 TD [(annually)-68(\320)-65(a)-242(total)-249(that)-244(should,)-246(in)-248(turn,)-249(be)-243(compar)12(ed)-246(w)-8(ith)-245(subsidies)]TJ 0 -1.132 TD [(of)-370(various)-372(sor)-10(ts)-368(that)-366(degrade)-372(en)21(v)-13(iron)12(ments)-370(and)-369(ec)12(onomies)-375(alike,)]TJ 0 -1.1259 TD [(amounting)-282(to)-269($1.5)-270(trillion)-276(annually)-276(wor)13(ld-w)-14(ide)]TJ 5.559 0 0 5.559 217.361 530.475 Tm (48)Tj 9.265 0 0 9.265 222.69 526.79 Tm 0 Tw (.)Tj -18.7481 -1.132 TD [(Finally)49(,)-361(reca)11(ll)-363(that)-366(the)-356(mass)-364(extinction)-370(of)-364(species,)-363(if)-363(allo)13(wed)-365(to)]TJ -0.9729 -1.1259 TD [(persist,)-244(would)-228(constitute)-234(a)-236(problem)-209(w)-14(ith)-239(far)-236(more)-234(enduring)-242(impact)]TJ 0 -1.132 TD [(than)-192(an)23(y)-177(other)-182(en)21(v)-13(ironme)8(ntal)-192(pr)14(oblem.)-192(A)21(c)12(cor)15(ding)-189(to)-184(ev)-13(idence)-182(fr)13(om)]TJ 0 -1.1259 TD [(mass)-474(extinctions)-475(in)-468(the)-467(prehistoric)-461(past,)-471(evolutionar)-21(y)-477(proc)20(esses)]TJ 0 -1.132 TD [(would)-265(not)-273(generate)-275(a)-273(replac)15(ement)-271(stock)-265(of)-272(species)-278(w)-8(ithin)-273(less)-272(than)]TJ 0 -1.1259 TD [(several)-187(million)-173(y)13(ears.)-197(W)23(hat)-195(we)-186(do)-191(\(or)-185(do)-191(not)-193(do\))-189(w)-8(ithin)-193(the)-191(next)-197(few)]TJ 0 -1.132 TD [(decades)-234(w)-14(ill)-227(determine)-238(the)-228(long-term)-236(future)-221(of)-229(a)-224(v)-7(ital)-236(featur)11(e)-233(o)0(f)-229(the)]TJ 0 -1.1259 TD [(biosphere,)-365(its)-373(abundance)-360(and)-369(diversity)-366(of)-370(species.)-376(This)-370(expanded)]TJ 0 -1.132 TD [(hotspots)-341(strateg)-15(y)-330(offers)-340(a)-334(large)-339(step)-339(towar)15(d)-338(a)0(v)20(oiding)-341(an)-338(impov)19(er)21(-)]TJ 0 -1.1259 TD [(ishment)-266(of)-266(the)-265(Ear)-12(th)-258(lasting)-266(man)19(y)-275(times)-267(longer)-272(than)]TJ /F4 1 Tf 21.318 0 TD [(Homo)-255(sapiens)]TJ /F1 1 Tf -21.318 -1.132 TD [(has)-275(been)-271(a)-273(species.)]TJ 5.978 0 0 5.978 39.969 394.696 Tm [(Rec)25(eived)-251(22)-275(September;)-274(acce)25(pted)-268(22)-275(Decemb)18(er)-273(1999.)]TJ 0 -2.077 TD [(1.)-790(Ehrlich,)-261(P)126(.)-273(R.)-265(Energy)-285(use)-263(and)-274(biodiv)18(ersity)-284(loss.)]TJ /F4 1 Tf 20.3907 0 TD [(Phil.)-275(T)92(rans.)-267(R.)-267(Soc.)-263(Lond.)-278(B)]TJ /F5 1 Tf 11.0205 0 TD (344,)Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.9917 0 TD [(99)-57(\261)-60(104)-270(\(1994\).)]TJ -33.4029 -1.3752 TD [(2.)-790(M)32(y)0(e)19(rs,)-276(N.)-264(T)92(w)0(o)-263(key)-241(challenges)-265(for)-285(biodive)16(rsit)-18(y)-18(:)-273(disconti)18(nuities)-274(and)-264(synergisms.)]TJ /F4 1 Tf 33.1468 0 TD [(Biodiversity)-261(Cons.)]TJ /F5 1 Tf 7.2553 0 TD (5,)Tj /F1 1 Tf -38.8942 -1.3752 TD [(1025)-57(\261)-60(1034)-265(\(1996\).)]TJ -1.508 -1.3752 TD [(3.)-790(Pimm,)-168(S.)-173(L.,)-176(Ru)19(ssell,)-166(G.)-174(J)30(.)0(,)-176(Gittleman,)-171(J)30(.)-169(L.)-178(&)-176(Brooks,)-165(T)92(.)-178(M.)-175(The)-175(future)-162(of)-175(biodiv)18(ersity)39(.)]TJ /F4 1 Tf 34.6074 0 TD [(Sc)-11(ience)]TJ /F5 1 Tf 2.9495 0 TD (269,)Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.8873 0 TD [(347)-61(\261)]TJ -37.9363 -1.3752 TD [(350)-261(\(1995\).)]TJ -1.508 -1.3752 TD [(4.)-790(W)37(ilson,)-273(E.)-262(O)39(.)]TJ /F4 1 Tf 7.1415 0 TD [(The)-265(Diversity)-271(of)-269(Life)]TJ /F1 1 Tf 8.2037 0 TD [(\(Belknap)28(,)-273(Cambridge,)-266(Mass)20(achusetts,)-270(1992\).)]TJ -15.3452 -1.3752 TD [(5.)-790(M)32(y)0(e)19(rs,)-276(N.)-264(Threatened)-259(biotas:)-269(`hotspots')-258(in)-270(tropical)-257(forests.)]TJ /F4 1 Tf 25.1707 0 TD [(En)27(v)-28(ironmentalist)]TJ /F5 1 Tf 6.9613 0 TD (8,)Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.0148 0 TD [(187)-52(\261)-69(208)-261(\(1988\).)]TJ -33.1468 -1.3752 TD [(6.)-790(M)32(y)0(e)19(rs,)-276(N.)-264(The)-270(biodiversity)-257(challenge:)-266(expanded)-273(hotspots)-264(analysis.)]TJ /F4 1 Tf 28.1487 0 TD [(En)18(v)-18(ironmentalist)]TJ /F5 1 Tf 6.9708 0 TD (10,)Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.4985 0 TD [(243)-61(\261)-60(256)]TJ -35.11 -1.3752 TD (\(1990\).)Tj -1.508 -1.3752 TD [(7.)-790(Pr)25(essey)52(,)-273(R)0(.)-265(L.,)-271(H)30(umphries,)-266(C.)-271(J)39(.)0(,)-271(Margules,)-256(C.)-271(R.,)-272(V)97(ane-W)78(rig)-18(ht,)-265(R.)-274(I.)-263(&)-270(W)27(illiams,)-266(P)126(.)-273(H.)-271(Beyond)]TJ 1.508 -1.3752 TD [(opportunism:)-278(key)-270(principles)-268(for)-266(systematic)-270(reserve)-256(selection.)]TJ /F4 1 Tf 24.5542 0 TD [(T)82(rends)-271(Ecol.)-264(E)19(vol.)]TJ /F5 1 Tf 7.1415 0 TD (8,)Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.0053 0 TD [(124)-61(\261)-69(128)-261(\(1993\).)]TJ -34.209 -1.3752 TD [(8.)-790(Pr)25(endergast,)-266(J)30(.)-273(R.,)-263(Quinn,)-266(R.)-274(M.)-270(&)-270(L)0(a)20(wton,)-271(J)30(.)-273(H.)-271(The)-260(gaps)-268(between)-268(theor)-19(y)-274(and)-264(practice)-261(in)-270(selecting)]TJ 1.508 -1.3752 TD [(nature)-253(reserves.)]TJ /F4 1 Tf 6.5061 0 TD [(Cons.)-255(Biol)]TJ /F1 1 Tf 3.9738 0 TD (.)Tj /F5 1 Tf 0.5027 0 TD (13,)Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.4985 0 TD [(484)-61(\261)-60(492)-270(\(1999\).)]TJ -13.989 -1.3752 TD [(9.)-790(Ginsberg,)-276(J)30(.)-264(Global)-266(conservation)-275(priorities.)]TJ /F4 1 Tf 18.9681 0 TD [(Cons.)-264(Biol.)]TJ /F5 1 Tf 4.486 0 TD (13,)Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.4985 0 TD [(5)-270(\(1999\).)]TJ -24.9526 -1.3752 TD [(10.)-311(Dobson,)-162(A.)-178(P)126(.)0(,)-167(Rodriguez)15(,)-178(J)30(.)-169(P)126(.,)-176(Roberts,)-169(W)93(.)-169(M.)-175(&)-166(W)27(ilco)24(ve,)-158(D)37(.)-169(S.)-173(Geographic)-158(distribution)-165(of)-175(endanger)15(ed)]TJ 1.508 -1.3752 TD [(species)-268(in)-270(the)-268(U)37(nited)-272(States.)]TJ /F4 1 Tf 11.4852 0 TD [(Sc)-11(ience)]TJ /F5 1 Tf 3.0444 0 TD (275,)Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.9822 0 TD [(550)-61(\261)-69(553)-261(\(1997\).)]TJ -18.0197 -1.3752 TD [(11.)-311(R)28(eid,)-270(W)93(.)-273(V)116(.)-273(Biodiver)17(sit)-12(y)-264(hotspots.)]TJ /F4 1 Tf 15.2599 0 TD [(T)82(rends)-261(Ecol.)-274(E)19(vol.)]TJ /F5 1 Tf 7.1415 0 TD (13,)Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.4985 0 TD [(275)-61(\261)-60(280)-270(\(1998\).)]TJ -23.8998 -1.3752 TD [(12.)-311(Pr)25(endergast,)-266(J)30(.)-273(R.,)-263(Quinn,)-266(R.)-274(M.,)-268(La)20(wton,)-281(J)39(.)-273(H.,)-269(E)21(versham,)-258(B.)-259(C.)-271(&)-270(Gibbons,)-266(D)46(.)-273(W)93(.)-264(Rare)-263(species,)-266(the)]TJ 1.508 -1.3752 TD [(coinci)15(dence)-259(of)-270(diversi)17(t)-10(y)-274(hotspots)-264(and)-274(conservation)-266(strategies.)]TJ /F4 1 Tf 24.8672 0 TD [(N)27(ature)]TJ /F5 1 Tf 3.0159 0 TD (365,)Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.9822 0 TD [(335)-61(\261)-60(337)-270(\(1993\).)]TJ -31.3733 -1.3752 TD [(13.)-311(W)37(illiams,)-266(P)126(.)]TJ /F4 1 Tf 6.525 0 TD [(et)-271(al.)]TJ /F1 1 Tf 2.1908 0 TD [(A)-256(compar)17(ison)-269(of)-270(richness)-272(hotspots,)-262(rarit)-17(y)-264(hotspots,)-272(and)-264(complementary)-278(areas)-259(for)]TJ -7.2079 -1.3752 TD [(cons)20(er)-17(vi)-12(ng)-262(diversity)-257(of)-270(British)-275(birds)19(.)]TJ /F4 1 Tf 14.852 0 TD [(Cons.)-264(Biol.)]TJ /F5 1 Tf 4.486 0 TD (10,)Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.489 0 TD [(155)-61(\261)-69(174)-261(\(1996\).)]TJ -22.335 -1.3752 TD [(14.)-311(V)97(ane-W)78(rig)-18(ht,)-227(R.)-236(I.,)-232(H)30(umphries,)-228(C.)-234(J)30(.)-235(&)-232(W)27(illiams,)-228(P)126(.)-235(H.)-233(Wha)18(t)-229(t)0(o)-240(prote)19(ct?)-67(\320)-62(systematics)-229(and)-236(the)-230(agon)21(y)]TJ 1.508 -1.3752 TD [(of)-270(choic)19(e.)]TJ /F4 1 Tf 4.1445 0 TD [(Biol.)-270(Cons.)]TJ /F5 1 Tf 4.4765 0 TD (55,)Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.4985 0 TD [(235)-61(\261)-60(254)-270(\(1991\).)]TJ -11.6275 -1.3752 TD [(15.)-311(W)37(illiams,)-199(P)126(.)-207(H.,)-193(H)30(umphries,)-199(C.)-205(J)39(.)-207(&)-204(V)97(ane-W)78(rig)-18(ht,)-198(R.)-198(I.)-206(M)22(easuring)-194(biodiversity)-20(:)-207(tax)22(onomic)-202(relatednes)16(s)]TJ 1.508 -1.3752 TD [(for)-257(conservation)-266(priorities.)]TJ /F4 1 Tf 11.03 0 TD [(A)38(ust.)-277(Syst.)-251(Bot.)]TJ /F5 1 Tf 6.1077 0 TD (4,)Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.0148 0 TD [(665)-52(\261)-69(679)-261(\(1991\).)]TJ -19.6605 -1.3752 TD [(16.)-311(Mittermeier)59(,)-226(R)0(.)-227(A.,)-224(M)32(yers,)-209(N.,)-224(Gil,)-223(P)126(.)-226(R.)-227(&)-223(Mittermeier)59(,)-226(C)0(.)-224(G)0(.)]TJ /F4 1 Tf 25.6734 0 TD [(Hotspots:)-212(Earth)42(')51(s)-219(Biolog)-16(ically)-217(Richest)-212(and)]TJ -24.1654 -1.3752 TD [(Most)-254(Endang)17(ered)-273(T)82(e)0(r)-10(restr)-18(ial)-272(Ecoregions)]TJ /F1 1 Tf 15.6772 0 TD [(\(Cemex,)-268(Conservation)-272(International)-274(and)-264(Agrupa)17(cion)-273(Sierra)]TJ -15.6772 -1.3752 TD [(Madr)27(e,)-274(M)22(onterrey)70(,)-273(M)22(exico)32(,)-273(1999\).)]TJ 41.9954 94.9355 TD [(17.)-301(Davis,)-197(S.,)-200(Heyw)25(ood,)-200(V)116(.)-207(H.)-195(&)-204(Ham)19(ilton,)-201(A.)-197(C.)-205(\(eds\))]TJ /F4 1 Tf 21.5099 0 TD [(Centres)-197(of)-203(Plant)-192(Diversity)]TJ /F1 1 Tf 9.9962 0 TD [(\(three)-194(vols\))-186(\()-23(W)103(orld)-203(W)37(ide)]TJ -30.0076 -1.3752 TD [(Fund)-219(for)-229(N)28(ature)-215(and)-236(International)-226(U)37(nion)-233(for)-229(Conser)-13(vation)-231(of)-223(N)28(ature)-215(and)-236(N)37(atural)-229(Res)20(ourc)20(es,)-233(Gland,)]TJ T* [(S)24(w)-15(itzerland,)-264(1994)-57(\261)-69(1997\).)]TJ -1.4985 -1.3752 TD [(18.)-301(Groombridge,)-254(B.)-259(\(ed.\))]TJ /F4 1 Tf 10.7549 0 TD [(Global)-264(Biodiversity)]TJ /F1 1 Tf 7.6631 0 TD [(\(Chapman)-260(and)-274(Hall,)-254(London,)-266(1992\).)]TJ -18.4181 -1.3752 TD [(19.)-301(Heyw)25(ood,)-276(V)116(.)-264(H.)-271(\(ed.\))]TJ /F4 1 Tf 10.4135 0 TD [(Global)-264(Biodiversity)-271(As)18(sessment)]TJ /F1 1 Tf 12.2155 0 TD [(\(Cambridge)-263(U)37(niv)36(.)-273(P)0(r)25(ess,)-268(Cambridge,)-266(1995\).)]TJ -22.629 -1.3752 TD [(20.)-301(Pranc)25(e,)-274(G.)-268(T)82(.)0(,)-271(Beent)-264(J)30(.)-273(H.,)-269(Drans\256eld,)-262(J)30(.)-273(&)-270(J)0(o)18(hns,)-270(R.)]TJ /F4 1 Tf 22.4298 0 TD [(The)-265(T)82(ropical)-268(Flora)-254(Remains)-262(U)26(ndercoll)16(ected)]TJ /F1 1 Tf -20.9313 -1.3752 TD [(\(Missouri)-267(Botanical)-274(Gar)19(den)-276(Scienti\256c)-264(Publications)14(,)-273(St.)-269(Louis,)-267(Missouri,)-271(in)-270(the)-268(press)18(\).)]TJ -1.4985 -1.3752 TD [(21.)-301(No)26(wak,)-235(R.)]TJ /F4 1 Tf 5.9086 0 TD [(W)71(alker')50(s)-238(Mamma)19(ls)-244(of)-241(the)-236(W)71(orld)]TJ /F1 1 Tf 12.7087 0 TD [(\()-23(Johns)-234(Hopkins)-223(U)27(niv)46(.)-245(P)0(r)25(ess,)-240(Baltimore,)-225(Maryl)-16(and,)-234(1999\).)]TJ -18.6172 -1.3752 TD [(22.)-301(Sibley)49(,)-235(C)0(.)-243(G)0(.)-240(&)-242(M)22(onroe,)-226(B.)-231(L.)]TJ /F4 1 Tf 13.3156 0 TD [(Distr)-17(ibution)-238(and)-246(T)111(axonomy)-234(of)-241(Bird)17(s)-247(o)0(f)-241(the)-236(W)71(orld)]TJ /F1 1 Tf 19.2432 0 TD [(\()-23(Y)109(ale)-234(U)27(niv)46(.)-245(P)0(r)25(ess,)-240(Ne)26(w)]TJ -31.0603 -1.3752 TD [(Ha)22(ven,)-262(Connecticut,)-263(1990\).)]TJ -1.4985 -1.3752 TD [(23.)-301(Uetz,)-269(P)126(.)-273(&)-270(Etzold,)-263(T)82(.)-273(The)-270(EMBL/EBI)-258(reptile)-258(database.)]TJ /F4 1 Tf 23.0842 0 TD [(Herpetol.)-269(Rev)]TJ /F1 1 Tf 5.2542 0 TD (.)Tj /F5 1 Tf 0.5027 0 TD (27,)Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.4985 0 TD [(175)-270(\(1996\).)]TJ -30.3395 -1.3752 TD [(24.)-301(Gla)18(w)42(,)-245(F)93(.)-245(&)-251(K)40(ohler)61(,)-254(J)39(.)-254(Amphibian)-241(species)-249(diversity)-239(ex)21(ceeds)-238(that)-238(of)-251(mammals.)]TJ /F4 1 Tf 31.7716 0 TD [(Herpetol.)-240(Re)-16(v)48(.)]TJ /F5 1 Tf 5.7189 0 TD (29,)Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.47 0 TD [(11)-66(\261)-60(1)0(2)]TJ -37.4621 -1.3752 TD (\(1998\).)Tj -1.4985 -1.3657 TD [(25.)-301(Eschmeyer)60(,)-264(W)93(.)-273(M)0(.)]TJ /F4 1 Tf 9.0288 0 TD [(Catalog)-263(of)-269(Fishes)]TJ /F1 1 Tf 6.857 0 TD [(\(California)-274(A)29(cademy)-250(of)-270(Sciences,)-256(San)-269(Francisc)17(o)27(,)-273(1998\).)]TJ -15.8858 -1.3752 TD [(26.)-301(Janzen,)-264(D)46(.)-273(H.)-262(Ho)19(w)-281(t)0(o)-268(b)0(e)-269(a)-274(\256g.)]TJ /F4 1 Tf 13.9036 0 TD [(A)37(nnu.)-278(Rev)41(.)-273(Ecol.)-274(Syste)18(mat)]TJ /F1 1 Tf 10.1479 0 TD (.)Tj /F5 1 Tf 0.5027 0 TD (10,)Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.4985 0 TD [(13)-66(\261)-60(5)0(1)-265(\(1979\).)]TJ -26.0527 -1.3752 TD [(27.)-301(Farrell,)-262(B.)-259(D)46(.)-273(`Inordinate)-255(Fondness)21(')-262(explained:)-273(wh)23(y)-274(are)-253(there)-256(so)-274(man)27(y)-274(beetles?)]TJ /F4 1 Tf 32.8623 0 TD [(Sc)-11(ience)]TJ /F5 1 Tf 3.0539 0 TD (281,)Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.9822 0 TD [(555)-61(\261)-60(557)]TJ -36.3998 -1.3752 TD (\(1998\).)Tj -1.4985 -1.3752 TD [(28.)-301(Gaston,)-267(K.)-271(J)30(.)-273(R)28(egional)-266(numbers)-274(of)-270(insect)-270(and)-264(plant)-271(species.)]TJ /F4 1 Tf 25.4647 0 TD [(Fu)25(nct.)-273(Ecol.)]TJ /F5 1 Tf 4.8274 0 TD (6,)Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.0053 0 TD [(243)-61(\261)-60(247)-270(\(1991\).)]TJ -31.2974 -1.3752 TD [(29.)-301(Strong,)-273(D)46(.)-273(R.,)-263(La)20(wton,)-281(J)30(.)-264(H.)-271(&)-270(South)22(wood,)-254(T)82(.)-273(R.)-265(E.)]TJ /F4 1 Tf 22.1453 0 TD [(Insects)-259(on)-275(Plants:)-266(Comm)18(unity)-275(P)49(atterns)-276(and)]TJ -20.6468 -1.3752 TD [(Mechani)17(sms)]TJ /F1 1 Tf 5.074 0 TD [(\(Blackwell,)-265(Oxford,)-260(1984\).)]TJ -6.5725 -1.3752 TD [(30.)-301(Pric)19(e,)-265(P)126(.)-273(W)93(.)]TJ /F4 1 Tf 6.3259 0 TD [(Insec)18(t)-277(Ecolog)-20(y)]TJ /F1 1 Tf 5.662 0 TD [(3rd)-257(edition)-269(\()-23(W)37(iley)46(,)-264(New)-254(Y)119(ork,)-275(1997\).)]TJ -11.9879 -1.3752 TD [(31.)-301(Balmford)-156(A.)-178(&)-166(Long,)-186(A.)-169(A)19(cross-c)19(ountr)-17(y)-169(analyses)-168(of)-175(biodive)16(rsit)-18(y)-160(congruenc)21(e)-172(w)0(i)-11(t)0(h)-172(current)-156(conservation)]TJ 1.4985 -1.3752 TD [(effor)-15(ts)-263(in)-270(the)-268(tropics.)]TJ /F4 1 Tf 8.7064 0 TD [(Con)19(s.)-274(Biol)]TJ /F1 1 Tf 3.9643 0 TD (.)Tj /F5 1 Tf 0.5121 0 TD (9,)Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.0053 0 TD [(1539)-66(\261)-60(1547)-265(\(1996\).)]TJ -15.6867 -1.3752 TD [(32.)-301(W)27(illiams,)-266(P)126(.)-273(H.,)-269(Gaston,)-267(K.)-271(&)-270(H)40(umphries,)-275(C.)-262(J)30(.)-273(Mappi)18(ng)-272(biodiversity)-266(value)-269(worldwide:)-267(combining)]TJ 1.4985 -1.3752 TD [(hig)-12(her)21(-tax)26(on)-276(richness)-263(from)-260(different)-257(groups.)]TJ /F4 1 Tf 18.1715 0 TD [(Proc.)-273(R.)-267(Soc.)-273(Lond.)-268(B)]TJ /F5 1 Tf 8.4788 0 TD (264,)Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.9822 0 TD [(141)-61(\261)-60(148)-270(\(1997\).)]TJ -30.1309 -1.3752 TD [(33.)-301(MacArthur)57(,)-273(R)0(.)-274(H)0(.)-262(&)-270(W)27(ilson,)-263(E.)-271(O)39(.)]TJ /F4 1 Tf 15.4685 0 TD [(The)-275(Theor)-14(y)-265(o)0(f)-279(Isla)18(nd)-270(Biogeograph)23(y)]TJ /F1 1 Tf 13.8562 0 TD [(\(Princ)24(eton)-269(U)37(niv)36(.)-264(Pres)17(s,)]TJ -27.8263 -1.3752 TD [(Princ)19(eton,)-267(1967\).)]TJ -1.4985 -1.3752 TD [(34.)-301(Brooks,)-260(T)82(.)-264(&)-270(Balmford,)-259(A.)-273(A)19(tlantic)-269(for)18(est)-274(extinctions.)]TJ /F4 1 Tf 23.1506 0 TD [(N)27(ature)]TJ /F5 1 Tf 3.0064 0 TD (380,)Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.9917 0 TD [(115)-270(\(1996\).)]TJ -28.1487 -1.3752 TD [(35.)-301(Brooks,)-165(T)82(.)0(,)-186(Pimm,)-177(S.)-173(L.)-178(&)-185(Collar)59(,)-178(N)0(.)-179(J)30(.)-178(Deforestation)-170(predicts)-163(the)-182(number)-173(of)-175(threatened)-162(birds)-171(in)-185(Insular)]TJ 1.4985 -1.3752 TD [(Southeast)-271(Asia.)]TJ /F4 1 Tf 6.3828 0 TD [(Cons.)-264(Biol.)]TJ /F5 1 Tf 4.486 0 TD (11,)Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.4985 0 TD [(382)-52(\261)-69(394)-261(\(1997\).)]TJ -13.8657 -1.3752 TD [(36.)-301(Brooks,)-260(T)82(.)-264(M.,)-277(Pimm,)-263(S.)-268(L.)-273(&)-270(Oyugi,)-263(J)30(.)-273(O)48(.)-273(Time)-259(lag)-268(between)-268(deforestation)-254(and)-274(bird)-260(extinction)-268(in)]TJ 1.4985 -1.3752 TD [(tropical)-257(forest)-266(fragments.)]TJ /F4 1 Tf 10.3756 0 TD [(Cons.)-264(Biol.)]TJ /F5 1 Tf 4.486 0 TD (13,)Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.4985 0 TD [(1140)-57(\261)-60(1150)-265(\(1999\).)]TJ -17.8585 -1.3752 TD [(37.)-301(Laurance,)-260(W)93(.)-264(F)93(.)-273(Introducti)15(on)-276(and)-264(synthesis.)]TJ /F4 1 Tf 19.2906 0 TD [(Biol.)-270(Cons.)]TJ /F5 1 Tf 4.4765 0 TD (91,)Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.4985 0 TD [(101)-61(\261)-60(107)-270(\(1999\).)]TJ -25.2656 -1.3752 TD [(38.)-301(Gaston,)-238(K.)-234(J)30(.)-245(&)-232(Nicholls,)-224(A.)-245(O)48(.)-245(Pr)25(obable)-240(times)-235(to)-240(extinction)-239(of)-232(some)-240(rare)-230(bre)19(eding)-240(bird)-231(species)-230(in)-242(the)]TJ 1.4985 -1.3752 TD [(U)27(nited)-263(Kingdom.)]TJ /F4 1 Tf 7.3312 0 TD [(Proc.)-273(R.)-267(Soc.)-273(Lond.)-268(B)]TJ /F5 1 Tf 8.4693 0 TD (259,)Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.9916 0 TD [(119)-61(\261)-60(123)-270(\(1995\).)]TJ -19.2906 -1.3752 TD [(39.)-301(T)92(urner)54(,)-178(I)0(.)-177(M)0(.)-175(Species)-172(loss)-182(in)-175(fragments)-178(of)-175(tropical)-162(rain)-180(forests:)-166(a)-179(review)-159(of)-175(the)-182(evi)-13(dence.)]TJ /F4 1 Tf 35.2712 0 TD [(J.)-179(App)19(l.)-184(Ecol.)]TJ /F5 1 Tf 4.9981 0 TD (33,)Tj /F1 1 Tf -38.7709 -1.3752 TD [(200)-61(\261)-60(209)-270(\(1996\).)]TJ -1.4985 -1.3752 TD [(40.)-301(Pimm,)-196(S.)-192(L.)-197(&)-195(Askins,)-190(R.)-198(A.)-188(For)19(est)-198(losses)-189(predict)-185(bird)-184(extinctions)-189(in)-194(Eastern)-201(N)28(o)0(r)-17(t)0(h)-191(America.)]TJ /F4 1 Tf 37.6138 0 TD [(Proc.)-197(N)27(atl)]TJ -36.1153 -1.3752 TD [(Ac)22(ad.)-271(Sc)-11(i.)-269(USA)]TJ /F5 1 Tf 6.1931 0 TD (92,)Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.4985 0 TD [(9343)-66(\261)-60(9347)-265(\(1995\).)]TJ -9.1901 -1.3752 TD [(41.)-301(Cowlinsha)35(w)42(,)-188(G.)-193(Pr)25(edicting)-190(the)-182(pattern)-188(of)-194(decline)-185(of)-194(African)-184(primate)-186(diversity)-20(:)-188(a)0(n)-188(extinction)-192(debt)-185(from)]TJ 1.4985 -1.3752 TD [(historical)-268(deforestation.)]TJ /F4 1 Tf 9.7781 0 TD [(Cons.)-255(Biol.)]TJ /F5 1 Tf 4.4765 0 TD (13,)Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.4985 0 TD [(1183)-57(\261)-60(1193)-275(\(1999\).)]TJ -17.2515 -1.3752 TD [(42.)-301(Newmark,)-227(W)93(.)-235(D)37(.)-235(Insularization)-237(of)-242(T)92(anzanian)-240(parks)-234(and)-236(the)-239(local)-242(extinction)-239(of)-242(large)-237(mammals.)]TJ /F4 1 Tf 39.3399 0 TD [(Cons)18(.)]TJ -37.8414 -1.3752 TD (Biol.)Tj /F5 1 Tf 2.0486 0 TD (10,)Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.4985 0 TD [(1549)-57(\261)-60(1556)-275(\(1996\).)]TJ -5.0455 -1.3752 TD [(43.)-301(Tilman,)-232(D)46(.)0(,)-243(M)0(a)23(y)49(,)-235(R)0(.)-246(M.,)-239(Lehman,)-238(C.)-243(L.)-235(&)-242(N)0(o)36(wak,)-244(M.)-241(A.)-235(Habitat)-233(destruction)-240(and)-236(the)-239(extinction)-239(debt.)]TJ /F4 1 Tf 1.4985 -1.3752 TD [(Na)23(ture)]TJ /F5 1 Tf 3.0159 0 TD (371,)Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.9822 0 TD [(65)-66(\261)-60(6)0(6)-265(\(1994\).)]TJ -6.4966 -1.3752 TD [(44.)-301(Statters\256eld,)-175(A.)-169(J)30(.)0(,)-176(Crosb)24(y)49(,)-169(M.)-175(J)30(.)0(,)-176(Long,)-186(A.)-169(J)30(.)-178(&)-176(W)93(ege,)-168(D)37(.)-169(C.)]TJ /F4 1 Tf 23.9568 0 TD [(Endemic)-167(Bird)-163(A)38(reas)-176(of)-174(the)-179(W)81(orld:)-173(Pr)-14(iorities)-187(for)]TJ -22.4583 -1.3752 TD [(Biodiversity)-271(Conservation)]TJ /F1 1 Tf 10.2333 0 TD [(\(Bird)18(life)-271(International,)-272(Cambridge,)-266(UK,)-263(1998\).)]TJ -11.7318 -1.3752 TD [(45.)-301(Dinerstein,)-223(E.)]TJ /F4 1 Tf 7.1984 0 TD [(et)-223(al)]TJ /F1 1 Tf 1.6407 0 TD (.)Tj /F4 1 Tf 0.4647 0 TD [(The)-218(Global)-227(200:)-225(K)48(e)0(y)-231(Ecoregions)-239(for)-228(Sa)19(v)-28(ing)-226(Life)-224(on)-228(Earth)]TJ /F1 1 Tf 21.7185 0 TD [(\()-23(W)93(orld)-222(W)37(ildlife)-226(Fund-US,)]TJ -29.5239 -1.3752 TD [(W)84(ashington)-265(DC,)-273(1996\).)]TJ -1.4985 -1.3752 TD [(46.)-301(Mittermeier)49(,)-207(R)0(.)-198(A.,)-214(M)32(yers,)-190(N.,)-206(Thomsen,)-202(J)30(.)-207(B.,)-200(da)-198(Fonseca,)-199(G.)-202(A.)-207(B.)-202(&)-204(Olivi)-12(eri,)-200(S.)-211(Biodiver)17(sit)-12(y)-207(hotspots)]TJ 1.4985 -1.3752 TD [(and)-179(major)-186(tropical)-153(wi)-11(lderness)-169(areas:)-162(approaches)-167(to)-173(setting)-182(conse)18(r)-15(vation)-174(priorities.)]TJ /F4 1 Tf 32.2458 0 TD [(Cons.)-169(Biol.)]TJ /F5 1 Tf 4.2963 0 TD (12,)Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.4036 0 TD [(516)-52(\261)]TJ -37.9458 -1.3752 TD [(520)-270(\(1998\).)]TJ -1.4985 -1.3752 TD [(47.)-301(James,)-263(A.)-263(N.,)-272(Gaston,)-267(K.)-271(J)30(.)-264(&)-270(Balmford,)-259(A.)-273(Balancing)-268(the)-268(Earth)34(')51(s)-262(accou)16(nts.)]TJ /F4 1 Tf 31.4966 0 TD [(N)27(ature)]TJ /F5 1 Tf 3.0159 0 TD (401,)Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.9822 0 TD [(323)-61(\261)-60(324)]TJ -34.9962 -1.3657 TD (\(1999\).)Tj -1.4985 -1.3752 TD [(48.)-301(M)32(yers,)-257(N.)-274(Lifting)-267(the)-268(veil)-266(on)-267(perverse)-266(subsidies.)]TJ /F4 1 Tf 20.8365 0 TD [(Na)23(ture)]TJ /F5 1 Tf 3.0159 0 TD (392,)Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.9822 0 TD [(327)-61(\261)-60(328)-270(\(1999\).)]TJ /F5 1 Tf 6.974 0 0 6.974 300.019 268.894 Tm [(Supplementar)-31(y)-272(Infor)-24(mation)]TJ /F1 1 Tf 12.0966 0 TD [(is)-278(available)-266(from)]TJ /F4 1 Tf 6.8937 0 TD [(N)22(ature)]TJ /F1 1 Tf 2.7477 0 TD [(')55(s)-272(W)93(orld-W)25(ide)-279(W)93(e)0(b)-269(site)-274(\(ht)-9(tp://)]TJ -21.7381 -1.2194 TD 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