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<title>Ghostscript Open Issues.</title>

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<h1>Known limitations and minor bugs.</h1>

<h2>Table of contents</h2>

<ul>
<li><a href="#Known_Limitations">Known Limitations</a>
<li><a href="#Minor_bugs">Minor bugs</a>
<li><a href="#Driver_Issues">Specific Driver Issues</a>
<li><a href="#Performance">Performance</a>
<li><a href="#Differences_from_Adobe">Differences from Adobe Implementation</a>
</ul>

<p>For other information, see the <a href="Projects.htm">Development Projects list
</a>.

<hr>

<p>
There are many areas that might make Ghostscript more useful or minor bugs
that we would like to investigate and possibly fix, but for which we don't
have enough resources. These may or may not be addressed in future releases.
<p>
If you would like to take responsibility for any of these issues, please
<a href="mailto:info@artifex.com">contact us</a>.
<p>
Additional comments on implementation approaches or project goals are in
<I>italic type like this</I>.
<hr>

<h2><a name="Known_Limitations"></a>Known Limitations.</h2>

<h3>bbox device doesn't allow min coords < 0.</h3>
Adobe eps specification doesn't say that bbox values must be positive,
and, for example Adobe Illustrator, can create EPS files with negative bboxes.
In such case, Ghostscipt returns zero instead of proper negative number. 
<p>
Bug <a href="http://bugs.ghostscript.com/show_bug.cgi?id=202735"
class="offsite">#202735</a>, March 09, 2000.
<p>
<i>This might be able to be fixed by applying a large positive translation to
the bbox CTM which would be subtracted from coordinates passed to the target
device as well as from the results the bbox device reports.</i>
<p>
<i>If coordinates for the ImagingBBox[0] and [1] values, then negative
values are handled, but this is not reliable since there are places in
the graphics library that depend on first quadrant coordinates.</i>

<h3>Error messages are too low level and confusing.</h3>

<p>
Although technically correct many error messages are confusing for
end users. Some commonly reported examples are listed below.

<p>
When pdfwrite device cannot open the output file it fails with:
<pre>**** Unable to open the initial device, quitting.</pre>

When CIDFont-CMap pair required by PDF file is not available GS
fails with:
<blockquote><pre>/undefinedresource in --findresource--</pre></blockquote>

<h3>pswrite device generates low level PostScript.</h3>

<p>
pswrite and epswrite devices reduce everything to path, fill, stroke, clip 
image, and imagemask operations. Although the resulting file 
prints OK it produces unsatisfactory results when scaled,
distilled or imported into graphic editors. 
The file can easily exceed 4GB and hit file size limits 
in some applications or operation systems. Handling of big files is 
slow.
<p>
Bug <a href="http://bugs.ghostscript.com/show_bug.cgi?id=615165"
class="offsite">#615165</a>, September 26, 2002.
<hr>
<h2><a name="Minor_bugs"></a>Minor Bugs.</h2>

<h3> Bad JPEG stream in PDF generated when source ends prematurely</h3>
When GS converts the source image to JPEG stream in PDF file and the
source data end prematurely, it generates bad JPEG stream. 
tiff2ps from libtiff distribution often generates such files.
<p>
One potential workaround is to use -dAutoFilterColorImages=false and 
-dColorImageFilter=/FlateEncode.
<p>
Bug <a href="http://bugs.ghostscript.com/show_bug.cgi?id=228808"
class="offsite">#228808</a>, Jan 15, 2000.
<p>
<I>
JPEG stream writes image dimensions in JPEG header when the stream is created.
When the source data end the dimensions are not updated. There may be other
problems too.
</I>

<h3> Some attributes of Catalog object are lost during PDF to PDF conversion</h3>
Dests, OpenAction, URI, PageMode, ViewerPreferences are lost during PDF to PDF
conversion. Other attributes have not been checked.
<p>
<I>
The loss happens diring PDF interpretation. GS can generate these attributes
from pdfmark's.
</I>
<p>
March 25, 2001.
<h3>ps2pdf ignores transfer functions in shaded fill</h3>
ps2pdf ignores transfer functions in the shaded fill but 
uses them for vector objects. The following sample program 
has 2 shaded fills and 2 rectangles that should have the 
same color as the left end of the shaded fill.
<blockquote><pre>

%!
&lt;&lt;/PageSize [612 200] /Policies&lt;&lt;/PageSize 1&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;setpagedevice 
612 1 scale 
/grad 
{ gsave 
  0 0 1 100 rectclip 
  &lt;&lt;
	  /ColorSpace [/DeviceCMYK] 
	  /Domain [0 1] 
	  /Coords [0 0 1 0] 
	  /Extend [false false] 
	  /Function 
	  &lt;&lt; /FunctionType 3 
		  /Domain [ 0 1] 
		  /Functions 
		  [ &lt;&lt;
			  /FunctionType 2 
			  /N 1 
			  /C0 [ 0 0.5 0 0 ] 
			  /Domain [ 0 1] 
			  /C1 [0.5 0 0 0] 
		  &gt;&gt; ] 
		  /Bounds [] 
		  /Encode [0 1] 
	  &gt;&gt; 
	  /ShadingType 2 
  &gt;&gt; shfill

0 0.5 0 0 setcmykcolor 
  0 0 0.1 50 rectfill 
  grestore 
} def

grad 
{1 exch 2 div sub} settransfer 
0 100 translate 
grad 
showpage

</pre></blockquote>
Bug <a href="http://bugs.ghostscript.com/show_bug.cgi?id=232334"
class="offsite">#232334</a>, February 14, 2001.

<h3>ResourceFileName gives wrong result with Font category.</h3>
The following sequence:

<blockquote><pre>
/Font /Category findresource begin 
/CharterBT-Roman 255 string ResourceFileName = 
end 
</pre></blockquote>

Gives the results:
<pre>
        /Resource/Font/CharterBT-Roman 
</pre>

This should be a valid platform specific file name and path such as:
<pre>
        f:/afpl/fonts/bchr.pfa 
</pre>
Bug <a href="http://bugs.ghostscript.com/show_bug.cgi?id=233403"
class="offsite">#233403</a>, February 21, 2001.
<h3>GS doesn't handle names of separations with HalftoneType 5.</h3>
PLRM3 says, that HalftoneType 5 may use user defined 
names of separations. Neither zht2.c nor cmd_put_drawing_color in
gxclpath.c can handle this. GS chooses default halftone component
for any non-standard separation name. 
<p>
Bug <a href="http://bugs.ghostscript.com/show_bug.cgi?id=406643"
class="offsite">#406643</a>, March 7, 2001.

<h3> PDF 1.4 images don't deallocate all memory </h3>

<p>
The pdf14_begin_typed_image() function in the PDF 1.4 device creates
a marking device, but this is not freed on end_image. The garbage
collector will free it, so it's not a real memory leak, but it would
still be nicer to free it explicitly.

<h3> Truetype fonts are written with incorrect table checksums </h3>

<p>
psf_write_truetype_data() writes truetype fonts with incorrect 
checksums on most tables. Most truetype interpreters ignore these
so in practice the issue hasn't been a problem. Nevertheless,
Ghostscript is embedding off-spec fonts in pdf documents.

<p>
A complete fix should generate font data in 2 passes: the
first pass computes the checksums, the second one
really writes data. Fonts can be very large, so
buffering the entire font is not a good solution. The 
checksums can't be modified after the data is written
because the output stream may not be positionable 
(likely it's a FlateEncode filter).

<p>
<i>Igor suggests implementing a special encoding filter for
checksums, and executing the body of
psf_write_truetype_data twice: first with the checksum
filter, second with the real output stream. After a TT
table is completed, its checksum to be taken from the
filter and to be put into the 'tables' array.</i>

<p>
Bug <a href="http://bugs.ghostscript.com/show_bug.cgi?id=615620"
class="offsite">#615620</a>, September 27, 2002.

<h3> save restore fails from the command line </h3>

<p>
Entering 'save' followed by 'restore' from the interactive
Ghostscript prompt (on separate lines) generates an /invalidrestore
exception. It shouldn't. This is a long standing issue.

<p>
The problem is that the string that is used
for command line input by the 'executive'
processing still exists when the 'restore'
happens, but this string is brought into
existence after the 'save' operation, thus
an causing an invalidrestore.

<p>
Bug <a href="http://bugs.ghostscript.com/show_bug.cgi?id=603689"
class="offsite">#603689</a>, September 2, 2002.

<h3> Failure to repair incorrect component ids in JPEG images </h3>

<p>There are PDF files in the wild containing JPEG images with
incorrect component id tags. Ghostscript currently displays these
files incorrectly, but in the past the files displayed fine. The
problem is not in Ghostscript itself, though, but in the libjpeg
library.

<p>Behavior changed in recent libjpeg versions; libjpeg version 6a
ignored the component ids. As of version 6b, libjpeg interprets the id
tags, but creates garbage output when they're invalid. We developed a
<a
href="http://ghostscript.com/pipermail/gs-code-review/2004-June/004579.html"
class="offsite">patch
to libjpeg 6b</a> which makes the decoding more robust. We are not
aware of anybody maintaining new libjpeg releases, so we include the
patch here in the hope that people can apply it themselves, and that
in the event that there is a future libjpeg update, that it will
include this patch as well. Linux distributions are especially
encouraged to apply this patch to the system libjpeg package.

<p>Bug <a href="http://bugs.ghostscript.com/show_bug.cgi?id=406643"
class="offsite">#686980</a>, July 31, 2003.

<hr>

<h2><a name="Driver_Issues"></a>Driver Issues.</h2>

<h3> [ ] Missing text in landscape mode.</h3>
Using GSWIN32C.EXE with djet500 to print a file in landscape mode
on a HP 2000C, the first 3 characters on the left margin are missing.<br>
When the postscript file is editted to use a larger offset (1st moveto
parameter), the text appears ok.<br>
When the postscript file is sent to a printer with a builtin postscript
interpreter, it prints ok.
<p>
Bug <a href="http://bugs.ghostscript.com/show_bug.cgi?id=206652"
class="offsite">#206652</a>
<p><I>
A possible work around is to send the following
postscript file to the printer prior to printing the problem
file.  This works but it leaves a .5" margin at the top
and left which is may be ok for some uses.
</I>
<blockquote><pre>

%!PS-Adobe-2.0
% Reset the offset and margins.
&lt;&lt;
    /PageOffset [-12 -18]
    /Margins [0 0]
    /.HWMargins [0 0 0 0]
&gt;&gt;
setpagedevice
</pre></blockquote>

<I>
This is an instance of the endless struggle with printer margins, especially
for HP printers. The HP drivers are inconsistent as to whether the user space
(0,0) should be the physical corner of the page (as it is in PostScript) or
the corner of the printable area, and if the latterm whether the page should
be clipped or scaled.
</I>
<p>

<h3> User request for pdfwrite to convert all colors.</h3>

<p>
Currently, pdfwrite only converts fill/stroke/text/imagemask colors to the
color space defined by ProcessColorModel, not colors in images.  A user
requested that it convert all colors, including images.  (Feature request
<a href="http://bugs.ghostscript.com/show_bug.cgi?id=485498"
class="offsite">#485498</a>)
<p>
<i>
ProcessColorModel is a stopgap until pdfwrite handles device-dependent
vector/text/mask colors properly -- i.e., no longer converts them to a
single color space.  I.e., this request is for a significant enhancement,
not a bug fix.
</i>

<hr>

<h2><a name="Performance"></a>Performance.</h2>

<h3>Incremental loading for CIDFontType 2 and TrueType fonts.</h3>

Entire TrueType outline data in CIDFontType 2 and TrueType fonts are
loaded into memory at once.  Incremental loading of the outline data is
indispensable for practical use of Asian fonts.
<p>
There is one other type of CID-keyed font that should also be
loaded incrementally: CFF CIDFontType0, i.e., a CIDFontType 0
font represented using the compact binary CFF format. This is
important because this is one of the two variants of Asian OpenType
fonts (the other is essentially the same as TrueType). Ghostscript
already supports both of these OpenType variants, but not with
incremental loading.
<p>
Bug <a href="http://bugs.ghostscript.com/show_bug.cgi?id=223992"
class="offsite">#223992</a>, November 30, 2000.
<p><I>
We suggest that anyone who would like to work on this project
start by looking at how CIDFontType 0 fonts do incremental loading
(lib/gs_cidfn.ps and psi/zfcid0.c). Probably much of this
code can be also be used with CIDFontType 2 and TrueType fonts.
</I>

<hr>

<h2><a name="Differences_from_Adobe"></a>Differences from Adobe Implementation.</h2>

<h3>pdfwrite + TT font => Acrobat 3.x for Windows gives error</h3>

Running ps2pdf12 on the file test1.ps produces a PDF on which Acrobat
3.x for Windows complains about not being able to find or create a
particular TrueType font that is embedded in the PDF file.  However,
Acrobat 3.x for other platforms, and Acrobat 4.x for all platforms,
accepts the file.
<p>
Bug <a href="http://bugs.ghostscript.com/show_bug.cgi?id=201955"
class="offsite">#201955</a>, February 14, 2000.

<p><I>
Since Acrobat 3 is superseded by Acrobat 4 which is available at no
charge, and the file produced by Ghostscript meets published PDF
specification, this will most likely be left as is.
</I>

<h3> Inconsistent handling of /Orientation.</h3>
PLRM says "The dictionary returned by currentpagedevice always
contains an entry for every parameter supported by the device".
GS prints both messages in the following program:

<blockquote><pre>
%! 
currentpagedevice /Orientation known not 
{ (This printer does _not_ support Orientation.) = 
} 
if 
&lt;&lt;/Orientation 1gt;gt; setpagedevice 
currentpagedevice /Orientation known 
{ (Err... wait... it does.) = 
} 
if 
%%EOF 
</pre></blockquote>
Bug <a href="http://bugs.ghostscript.com/show_bug.cgi?id=220967"
class="offsite">#220967</a>, October 31, 2000.
<p>
<i>The handling of Orientation is a mess. The PLRM says quite explicitly
that it is only supported for roll devices, where the page size
alone doesn't give enough information to decide whether to rotate
the page.</i>
<p>
<i>The reason that Ghostscript accepts it for other devices at all
is twofold: displays are like roll media in that they don't have
an inherent orientation, and almost none of the other Ghostscript
devices actually specify their page sizes. Both of these reasons
are now poorly motivated: displays should behave like
portrait-orientation devices (albeit with variable page dimensions),
rotating the image if the requested page width is greater than
the height, and now that setpagedevice and the Resource machinery
are fully implemented, all printer drivers should be updated
to provide the paper size information. Once these fixes are made
(which will probably have some repercussions other places in
the code), Ghostscript will handle Orientation properly.</i>
<p>
<i>This should be addressed when the "setpagedevice in C" project is
completed since part of this will require printer drivers to make
page size information available to the setpagedevice logic.
</i>

<h3>Filesystem implementation differences.</h3>
Adobe implementations often treat the filesystem as flat. This means that the
path separator characters are not handled as special characters in filenames.
The PLRM states that file names are implementation specific (section 3.8.2)
and Ghostscript currently implements filenames that conform with the underlying
operating system as is stated in this section about the %os% device. This
can result from behaviour that is different from Adobe printer implementations.
<br><br>
<em>Current implementation is incompatible with most font installers. Installers
expect that:</em>
<ul>
<li>"filenameforall" enumerates all files in all directories using the relative path name.
Directory names, including . and .. are not enumerated
</ul>
<ul>
<li>characters not supported on the platform are encoded.
</ul>
<ul>
<li>"(w) file" operator creates directories if necessary.
</ul>

<h3>Cannot load Adobe's fonts. </h3>
The following program fails with Adobe fonts:

<blockquote><pre>
(C*) 
{ cvn findfont pop 
} 255 string /Font resourceforall 
</pre></blockquote>
Bug <a href="http://bugs.ghostscript.com/show_bug.cgi?id=226462"
class="offsite">#226462</a>, December 20, 2000.
<p>
<i>
The 'findfont' operator and '/Font resourceforall' are very difficult to
keep consistent, because the same logic algorithms must be implemented
in two different ways. The problem is likely to be in lib/gs_fonts.ps,
lib/gs_res.ps, and lib/gs_cidcm.ps.
</i>
<h3> There's no %ram% device.</h3>
GS doesn't have %ram% device reguired on all Level 3 products. 
It is documented in PS Supplement 3010 and 3011 dated August 30, 1999 
<br>
Bug <a href="http://bugs.ghostscript.com/show_bug.cgi?id=226943"
class="offsite">#226943</a>, December 27, 2000.
<p>
<I>
This should be implemented using the (disk) file system rather than
actual RAM, at least initially, since that will be easy.
<br>
On Unix, it should be implemented with a directory /tmp/$$/ (where
$$ is the process id), which Ghostscript should delete when it exits.
</I>

<h3> pdfwrite doesn't recognise the image type by content</h3>
Currently pdfwrite uses JPEG compression for any 8 bit per component
images >= 64 pixels in both dimensions.
<p>
<I>
pdfwrite needs to be changed to use a reasonable algorithm for deciding
between JPEG and Flate compression, probably based on sharp vs. smooth
color transitions in the image; in case of uncertainty, it should use Flate.
</I>
<p>
Bug <a href="http://bugs.ghostscript.com/show_bug.cgi?id=226391"
class="offsite">#226391</a>, December 19, 2000.
<p>

<h3> ps2ascii can't handle incremental fonts</h3>
ps2ascii fails with rangecheck on incremental fonts.
Need to recognise incremental fonts and say that incremental
fonts are impossible to convert to ASCII.
<p>
Bug <a href="http://bugs.ghostscript.com/show_bug.cgi?id=441959"
class="offsite">#441959</a> keeps good test data for this.
<p>

<h3> Buffering in input filters</h3>

The following program prints differently to stdout on GS and Adobe :
<p>
<blockquote><pre>
%!
/proc
  { currentfile =string readline pop
    dup ==
    (%) anchorsearch { pop } if
  } bind def
/test
  { //proc /ASCIIHexDecode filter 
    3 string readstring pop ==
  } bind def

(start) ==

test
%31
%32
%33
%34
%35
%36
%37
%38
%39

(stop) ==

%%EOF
</pre></blockquote>
<p>
<I>
Adobe fills entire input buffer of ASCIIHexDecode with procedure's output,
before passing data to ASCIIHexDecode, and without knowledge how much data
does ASCIIHexDecode want. GS does know the size of data requested,
so as the procedure is called exact number of times. Thus, GS is more conservative.
</I>
<p>
Anoter useful test to be made by repeating lines %31-%39 hundred times,
without intermediate empty lines.
<p>

<h3>Improper handling of hybrid fonts.</h3>

Hybrid fonts are described in section 9.2 of the "Adobe Type 1 Font Format" book.
Such fonts cannot load into global VM due to internal usage of <I>save/restore</I>
(and should do into local VM).
Hybrid fonts can be recognized by the appearance of the word 'hires' with
a pre-scan over the font, the same way that .findfontvalue works now.

<hr>

<p>
This software is provided AS-IS with no warranty, either express or
implied.

This software is distributed under license and may not be copied, modified
or distributed except as expressly authorized under the terms of that
license.  Refer to licensing information at http://www.artifex.com/
or contact Artifex Software, Inc.,  7 Mt. Lassen Drive - Suite A-134,
San Rafael, CA  94903, U.S.A., +1(415)492-9861, for further information.

<p>
<small>Ghostscript version 8.70, 31 July 2009

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