Tryag File Manager

//home/cluster1/data/bu01/1121861/html/jlex/nahuatl/php4/test.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
<database>
<refGroup>
<ref>00001</ref>
<lxam>mama:lintsi:n</lxam>
<lxam_alt>ma:malintsi:n</lxam_alt>
<lxam_c>mama:lintsi:n</lxam_c>
<lxoa>mali:ntsi:n</lxoa>
<lxoa_c>mali:ntsi:n</lxoa_c>
<dt>09/Aug/2005</dt>
<psm>N</psm>
<der>N-tsi:n</der>
<rdp>Rdp-l/Am</rdp>
<infn>N1</infn>
<sense_eGroup>
<sense_e>type of edible cloth-eating insect (&lt;nao&gt;kiteki tlake:ntli&lt;/nao&gt;) still unidentified, the majority of consultants (at least those of Oapan) classify this as a type of grasshopper (see &lt;nba&gt;chapolin&lt;/nba&gt;) that looks like the &lt;nbo&gt;to:topo&lt;/nbo&gt;.</sense_e>
<sense_s>tipo de insecto comestible que come tela (&lt;nao&gt;kiteki tlake:ntli&lt;/nao&gt;) pero todav&#237;a no identificado plenamente, la mayor&#237;a de los aesores (por lo menos los de Oapan) lo clasifican como un tipo de chapulin (v&#233;ase &lt;nba&gt;chapolin&lt;/nba&gt;) que se parece al  &lt;nbo&gt;to:topo&lt;/nbo&gt;</sense_s>
<sense_d>Am, Oa</sense_d>
<phrase_nGroup>
<phrase_n>Un chapolin mama:lintsi:n no: ihk&#243;n onotla:lia, cho ki... ke:itlah kipapalotok pero dya: kasi ikwalaktsi:n, san yewa ika yo:kitetek un tlake:ntli.</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<snd_am>00001_01_am</snd_am>
<src_p>Cristino Flores: 00001_00050_CF_AM_mono_pitch_correction_x2.wav / 3:00</src_p>
<phrase_e>That grasshopper called &lt;na&gt;mama:lintsi:n&lt;/na&gt; it alights [on clothes] like that, it really, like it licks it but then a little of its spittle gets on it, just with that it has cut through the cloth.</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>El chapolin llamado &lt;na&gt;mama:lintsi:n&lt;/na&gt; se pone as&#237;[sobre la ropa], se la pasa como si fuera lami&#233;ndola, pero cuando le alcanza su baba, nada m&#225;s con eso ya cort&#243;la tela.</phrase_s>
</phrase_nGroup>
</sense_eGroup>
<sem>animal</sem>
<sem>insect</sem>
<nse>Several Oapan consultants stated that this insect was similar to the &lt;nbo&gt;to:topo&lt;/nbo&gt;. According to Roberto Mauricio (Oa) this is a type of grasshopper, &lt;nlo&gt;chapolin&lt;/nlo&gt;. It eats herbaceous plants such as the &lt;nbo&gt;tem&#225;:kohts&#237;:n&lt;/nbo&gt;, where it is mostly found. The grasshopper is somewhat shiny and blue, with black stripes on its body. The male, according to Roberto Mauricio, is &lt;no&gt;tsi:ntetepontik&lt;/no&gt;, the female is &lt;no&gt;tsi:nk&#243;:law&#225;h&lt;/no&gt;. According to Cristino Flores (Am) this grasshopper is not edible. It appears in October and disappears, dying of thirst, shortly after the end of the rainy season. The&quot;saliva&quot;of this insect is harmful to cloth, it eats it away like acid. Even though it has wings, it flies only a short distance.</nse>
<nae>The vowel length of the Ameyaltepec term is not clear. From Cristino Flores's pronunciation it appears that the first /a/ is short and the second perhaps long. However, Chen D&#237;az had the reverse: for him the first /a/ was long and the second short.</nae>
<mod>Probably this entry should be split into two, one for each village (and x-listed).</mod>
<qry>Check classification of the /ma:malintsi:n/, i.e., whether it is indeed a type of 'chapulin.' In regards to the etymology, check to see if it is related to /mali:na/ and whether this has something to do with a characteristic of the animal. Ask reason for name.</qry>
<revised>15/07/05</revised>
</refGroup>

<refGroup>
<ref>00002</ref>
<lxam_notes>This word is not used in Ameyeltepec, which instead has /tla:lto:ntsi:n/.</lxam_notes>
<lxoa>tla:ltepiso:lin</lxoa>
<lxoa_c>tla:ltepiso:lin</lxoa_c>
<dt>07/Aug/2005</dt>
<psm>N</psm>
<compound>N-N</compound>
<der>N-in</der>
<infn>Stem 4</infn>
<sense_eGroup>
<sense_e>&lt;l&gt;Dalembertia populifolia&lt;/l&gt; Baill., a plant with edible root of the Euphorbiaceae family</sense_e>
<sense_s>&lt;l&gt;Dalembertia populifolia&lt;/l&gt; Baill., una planta con ra&#237;z comestible de la familia Euphorbiaceae</sense_s>
<sense_d>Oa</sense_d>
</sense_eGroup>
<sem>plant</sem>
<sem>komekatl</sem>
<root>tla:l</root>
<root>te</root>
<root>po:so:l</root>
<nse>For a further discussion of this plant, see the Ameyaltepec entry for &lt;nla&gt;tla:lto:ntsi:n&lt;/nla&gt;.</nse>
<nae>The etymology of &lt;na&gt;tla:ltepiso:lin&lt;/na&gt; is uncertain.</nae>
<revised>8/28/04</revised>
<mrefGroup>
<mref>tla:lto:ntsi:n</mref>
<mref_t>natural</mref_t>
<mref_d>Am</mref_d>
</mrefGroup>
<mrefGroup>
<mref>tla:ltepo:so:lin</mref>
<mref_t>confer</mref_t>
<mref_d>Am</mref_d>
</mrefGroup>
</refGroup>

<refGroup>
<ref>00003</ref>
<lxam>kemech</lxam>
<lxam_c>kemech</lxam_c>
<lxoa>k&#225;m&#225;ch</lxoa>
<lxoa_pr>kamach</lxoa_pr>
<lxoa_c>k&#225;m&#225;ch</lxoa_c>
<dt>09/Aug/2005</dt>
<psm>Adv(tm)</psm>
<der>Adv-b</der>
<pitch>yes</pitch>
<sense_eGroup>
<sense_e>recently; just a short time or moment ago</sense_e>
<sense_s>apenas; hace un rato o poco tiempo</sense_s>
<sense_d>Am, Oa</sense_d>
<phrase_nGroup>
<phrase_n>Kemech o:yah, xkonasi!</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>He just left a moment ago, go catch up to him!</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>&#161;Se fue apenas hace un momento se, ve a alcanzarlo!</phrase_s>
</phrase_nGroup>
<phrase_nGroup>
<phrase_n>Kemech ompa o:tiwa:le:hkeh.</phrase_n>
<phrase_e>We just recently came from there.</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>Apenas vinimos de all&#225;.</phrase_s>
</phrase_nGroup>
<phrase_nGroup>
<phrase_n>Kemech o:pe:w timonono:tsan, kemech o:pe:w titlatlatowan.</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<snd_am>00003_02_am</snd_am>
<src_p>Cristino Flores: 00001_00050_CF_AM_mono_pitch_correction_x2.wav / 5:30</src_p>
<phrase_e>We just started to converse, we just started to speak.</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>Apenas empezamos a placticar, apenas empezamos a hablar.</phrase_s>
</phrase_nGroup>
<phrase_nGroup>
<phrase_n>Un a:man kemech nowepa:wan, yewameh xkimatin.</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<snd_am>00003_03_am</snd_am>
<src_p>Cristino Flores: 00001_00050_CF_AM_mono_pitch_correction_x2.wav / 9:55</src_p>
<phrase_e>Those that now are just growing up, they don't know it [the word &lt;nla&gt;teposmiktia:ni&lt;/nla&gt; for 'knife'].</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>Ellos que ahora apenas est&#225;n creciendo, ellos no lo saber [la palabra &lt;nla&gt;teposmiktia:ni&lt;/nla&gt; para 'cuchillo'].</phrase_s>
</phrase_nGroup>
</sense_eGroup>
<sense_eGroup>
<sense_e>(~ &lt;nao&gt;kayo:tl&lt;/nao&gt;)</sense_e>
<sense_s>(~ &lt;nao&gt;kayo:tl&lt;/nao&gt;)</sense_s>
<sense_d>Am, Oa</sense_d>
</sense_eGroup>
<sense_eGroup>
<sense_e>something from just recently; something or someone not very old</sense_e>
<sense_s>algo reci&#233;n hecho; algo o alguien no muy antiguo</sense_s>
<sense_d>Am, Oa</sense_d>
<phrase_nGroup>
<phrase_n>Kemech kayo:tl, ya:lwa o:nemiko.</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>It's a recent thing (in this case a baby just born), it was born yesterday.</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>Es algo reciente (en este caso un ni&#241;o), apenas ayer naci&#243;.</phrase_s>
</phrase_nGroup>
</sense_eGroup>
<sense_eGroup>
<sense_e>(&lt;nao&gt;ma:s san ~&lt;/nao&gt;) more recently</sense_e>
<sense_s>(&lt;nao&gt;ma:s san ~&lt;/nao&gt;) m&#225;s recientemente</sense_s>
<sense_d>Am</sense_d>
<phrase_nGroup>
<phrase_n>Yewa ma:s san kemech.</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>That is more recent.</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>Ese es m&#225;s reciente.</phrase_s>
</phrase_nGroup>
</sense_eGroup>
<root>kemech</root>
<revised>16/07/05</revised>
<nse>The Ameyaltepec &lt;na&gt;kemech&lt;/na&gt; is is not to be confused with &lt;nla&gt;ke:mechih&lt;/nla&gt; , from the same dialect.</nse>
<qry>In the phrase above (/yewa ma:s san kemech/) I have used /san/ although in one version I had recorded /sa:/. This should be checked, i.e., whether the phrase is /sa: kimich/ or /san kimich/. Make sure that etymology and historical basis of the two forms is identical. If not, give Oapan and Ameyaltepec separate entries. It might be that the Oapan form is similar or cognate to Ameyaltepec /ke:mech/.</qry>
<mrefGroup>
<mref>sanki</mref>
<mref_t>confer</mref_t>
<mref_d>Am</mref_d>
</mrefGroup>
</refGroup>

<refGroup>
<ref>00004</ref>
<lxam>tlapeya:wa</lxam>
<lxam_c>tlapeya:wa</lxam_c>
<lxoa_notes>This word is not documented in Oapan.</lxoa_notes>
<dt>09/Aug/2005</dt>
<psm>N</psm>
<pss>V1</pss>
<incorp>tla-V2</incorp>
<der>V2-alt-wi</der>
<sense_eGroup>
<sense_e>(place that is) slippery and with an earthy surface that causes one to slide down (referring to a downward sloping area particularly one that is wet)</sense_e>
<sense_s>(lugar, en referencia a una cuesta o inclinaci&#243;n) resbaloso y con una superficie que hace que uno se resbala o se desliza hacia abajo</sense_s>
<sense_d>Am</sense_d>
<phrase_nGroup>
<phrase_n>Kea:man para newa nocha:n, a:mantsi:n kiawi, ti&#225;:s pa mo:nteh, pos nowi&#225;:n tlapeya:wa.</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<snd_am>00004_01_am</snd_am>
<src_p>Cristino Flores: 00001_00050_CF_AM_mono_pitch_correction_x2.wav / 6:00</src_p>
<phrase_e>For example, there were I live, now it is raining, when you go into the hills, well everywhere it is slippery.</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>Por ejemplo, all&#225;por donde vivo, ahora est&#225;lloviendo, vas al monte, pues en todos lados es resbaloso.</phrase_s>
</phrase_nGroup>
<phrase_nGroup>
<phrase_n>Tlapeya:wa ipan tlakaltech.</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>It is slippery on the slope (e.g., because it is smooth, or muddy and wet, etc.).</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>Es resbaloso por la cuesta inclinada (p. ej., por estar un lugar muy liso, o por estar mojado y tener algo de lodo).</phrase_s>
</phrase_nGroup>
<phrase_nGroup>
<phrase_n>Tlapa:stika:n, ke:n tlapeya:wa.</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>It is a wet place, it is really slippery.</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>Es un lugar mojado, es muy resbaloso.</phrase_s>
</phrase_nGroup>
<phrase_nGroup>
<phrase_n>Ma:ka tipano:s omp&#250;:n! Tlapeya:wa.</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<src_p>Cristino Flores (p.c. junio 2002)</src_p>
<phrase_e>Don't go over there! It's slippery.</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>&#161;No vayas por all&#225;! Es resbaloso.</phrase_s>
</phrase_nGroup>
</sense_eGroup>
<root>peya:</root>
<disamb>tla:la:wa; tlaxola:wa; tlapeya:wa</disamb>
<nse>The word &lt;na&gt;tlapeya:wa&lt;/na&gt; refers to a place that is slippery particularly from it having rained. It may be compared to &lt;nla&gt;tlaxola:wa&lt;/nla&gt; which is more often used to refer to an incline on which ones feet may go out from under perhaps because the ground is covered with small pebbles.</nse>
<nae>The derivational process and the morphology of &lt;na&gt;tlapeya:wa&lt;/na&gt; are not entirely clear. To some extent it parallels, both semantically and morphologically, &lt;nla&gt;tla:la:la:wa&lt;/nla&gt; : a transitive verb (at least in modern Ameyaltepec Nahuatl) with a valency-reducing prefix or nominal incorporation to. However, Ameyaltepec &lt;na&gt;tlapeya:wa&lt;/na&gt; might also derive from a lost intransitive form &lt;na&gt;peya:wa&lt;/na&gt; , forming an impersonal passive to indicate a state of nature. The second interpretation and analysis, which seems more likely, suggests that the literal meaning of &lt;na&gt;tlapeya:wa&lt;/na&gt; would be something like 'slipping down occurs.'</nae>
<grm>/tla-/; The derivational process and the morphology of &lt;na&gt;tlapeya:wa&lt;/na&gt; are not entirely clear. To some extent it parallels &lt;nla&gt;tla:la:la:wa&lt;/nla&gt; in that what seems to be a transitive verb (at least in modern Ameyaltepec Nahuatl) takes the nonspecific object prefix to form a word that indicates the state of a particular section of land. However, it might also be that the &lt;na&gt;peya:wa&lt;/na&gt; in &lt;na&gt;tlapeya:wa&lt;/na&gt; reflects the historical intransitive form and that the resultant compound is an impersonal passive, here functioning as an indication of a state of nature.</grm>
<mod>Add ompun to the dictionary for Am</mod>
<revised>8/28/04</revised>
<mrefGroup>
<mref>tlapeya:ska:n</mref>
<mref_t>synonym</mref_t>
<mref_d>Am</mref_d>
</mrefGroup>
<mrefGroup>
<mref>tlatexilahka:n</mref>
<mref_t>synonym</mref_t>
<mref_d>Oa</mref_d>
</mrefGroup>
</refGroup>

<refGroup>
<ref>00005</ref>
<lxam>ixwi:wmontli</lxam>
<lxam_c>ixwi:wmontli</lxam_c>
<lxoa>ixwi:hmontli</lxoa>
<lxoa_c>ixwi:hmontli</lxoa_c>
<dt>09/Aug/2005</dt>
<psm>N</psm>
<compound>N-N</compound>
<der>N-b</der>
<infn>Stem 1(n)</infn>
<sense_eGroup>
<sense_e>husband of a granddaughter</sense_e>
<sense_s>esposo de una nieta</sense_s>
<sense_d>Am, Oa</sense_d>
<phrase_nGroup>
<phrase_n>Nikpia noxwi:w se: suwa:tl, pwes yo:nona:miktih. Dya: a:man te:h un, iwe:wentsi:n, noxwi:wmon.</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<snd_am>00005_01_am</snd_am>
<src_p>Cristino Flores: 00001_00050_CF_AM_mono_pitch_correction_x2.wav / 7:39</src_p>
<phrase_e>I have a granddaughter, well, she's already gotten married. And now then, her, her husband, he's my &lt;na&gt;ixwi:wmontli&lt;/na&gt;.</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>Tengo una nieta, pues ya se cas&#243;. Y ahora pues, su esposo, es mi &lt;na&gt;ixwi:wmontli&lt;/na&gt;.</phrase_s>
</phrase_nGroup>
</sense_eGroup>
<sem>kin</sem>
<root>xwi:w</root>
<root>mon</root>
<nse>Although this word was accepted by Florencia Marcelino, several other individuals from Oapan denied this as an acceptable form. Roberto Mauricio gave the form &lt;no&gt;ya: o:hpa montli&lt;/no&gt;, e.g., &lt;no&gt;ya: o:hpa nomon&lt;/no&gt;. However, &lt;na&gt;ixwi:wmontli&lt;/na&gt; is definitely documented in Ameyaltepec.</nse>
<qry>Determine whether other extended ties also enter into this paradigm.</qry>
<revised>8/28/04</revised>
</refGroup>

<refGroup>
<ref>00006</ref>
<lxam>ma:xi:kole:wi</lxam>
<lxam_c>ma:xi:kole:wi</lxam_c>
<lxoa>ma:xi:kole:wi</lxoa>
<lxoa_c>ma:xi:kole:wi</lxoa_c>
<dt>09/Aug/2005</dt>
<intense>Optional: &lt;nao&gt;ma:texi:kole:wi&lt;/nao&gt;</intense>
<psm>V1</psm>
<incorp>N-V1</incorp>
<der>V1-alt-wi</der>
<trans>Compl</trans>
<infv>class-3a(w)</infv>
<sense_eGroup>
<sense_e>to scrape or abrade ones arm or hand (e.g., from choppping wood with an axe)</sense_e>
<sense_s>rasparse o excoriarse el brazo o la mano (p. ej., al le&#241;ar con una hacha)</sense_s>
<sense_d>Pending</sense_d>
</sense_eGroup>
<root>ma:</root>
<root>xi:kol</root>
<nse>The insertion of the intensifier &lt;n&gt;te-&lt;/n&gt; immediately before the verbal stem (e.g., &lt;n&gt;ma:texi:kole:wi&lt;/n&gt;) indicates an intensified event, i.e., a greater degree of scraping.</nse>
<qry>Determine any other use or possible meanings. Check /xi:koliwi/ as possibility.</qry>
<revised>16/07/05</revised>
</refGroup>

<refGroup>
<ref>00007</ref>
<lxam>kechkoto:na</lxam>
<lxam_c>kikechkoto:na</lxam_c>
<lxoa>kechkoto:na</lxoa>
<lxoa_c>kikechkoto:na</lxoa_c>
<intense>kechtekoto:na</intense>
<dt>09/Aug/2005</dt>
<psm>V2</psm>
<incorp>N-V2</incorp>
<der>V2-alt-ni</der>
<trans>~Compl</trans>
<infv>class-3a</infv>
<sense_eGroup>
<sense_e>to snap or break the neck of (a person or animal, particularly a chicken)</sense_e>
<sense_s>romper el cuello de (una persona o animal, particularmente una gallina)</sense_s>
<sense_d>Am, Oa</sense_d>
<phrase_nGroup>
<phrase_n>Kikechkoto:nas un pi&#243;.</phrase_n>
<phrase_d>Am</phrase_d>
<phrase_e>He will snap the neck of that chicken.</phrase_e>
<phrase_s>Le va a romper el cuello a esa gallina.</phrase_s>
</phrase_nGroup>
</sense_eGroup>
<sense_eGroup>
<sense_e>to cut or slit the throat of (e.g., a cow or pig in killing it); to behead</sense_e>
<sense_s>degollar (p. ej., una vaca o marrano al matarlo)</sense_s>
<sense_d>Pending</sense_d>
</sense_eGroup>
<mrefGroup>
<mref>kwa:tsonteki</mref>
<mref_t>confer</mref_t>
<mref_d>Am, Oa</mref_d>
</mrefGroup>
<mrefGroup>
<mref>kextsonteki</mref>
<mref_t>confer</mref_t>
<mref_d>Am, Oa</mref_d>
</mrefGroup>
<root>kech</root>
<root>koto:</root>
<nse>According to Florencia Marcelino (Oa) this verb is used solely in cases where the neck is pulled and snapped and pulled off (as it is in slaughtering a chicken), not broken. This verb can be applied to almost any small animal (such as a grassphopper), or even a person (e.g., with a machete). It is also applied, according to Cristino Flores (Am) to cutting the throat of an animal in slaughtering it (e.g., a cow or pig) although perhaps other forms, such as &lt;nlao&gt;kextsonteki&lt;/nlao&gt;are more appropriate.</nse>
<qry>Check for other meanings and uses, as well as for the existence and use of possible intransitive forms. Check for possibility of using -te- before verbal stem.</qry>
<revised>8/28/04</revised>
</refGroup>
</database>