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//usr/share/locale/bn_IN/LC_MESSAGES/system-config-securitylevel.mo
Ū [ ô Ė Č ) É ! ķ í ĸ Û ë l Ō X } + Đ Š h z ) ã U â c > F . & x U J Î N ( h ļ H ) Q { ) , ĩ â Ŋ Ė j | ) 2 ŋ ō ü ( 1 K e m w { " ž Õ E ß %! 9! E! - P! ~! ! ! ! ! ! 0 Ĩ! Ö! ß! 9 é! #" +" <" @" F" ) Y" # # ŧ# Ė# Ķ# Û# ė# ū# $ ($ Ō 8% & & && ;& D K& & & ¯& Ė& d( đ( o õ+ e- ú ü/ Û ÷4 Ķ6 Ļ Ö; Ũ }? o [A ËD : MH m K Ņ öM Ë ČN w R Š T , ļW × ãX ĩ ģ\ 2 q] Ē ¤] & O` ¤ v` Y a Ŋ ua Ģ 3b } ßb ]c mc ] nf Ėh * cj C j Ōj Š Yk $ l U (l K ~l & Ęl L ņl W >m m 7 ŗm ëm īm : n Fn b Ín 0o ū Mo Lp kp p } p q q q +q ( ?q . hq É q ar rr ā r ms @ us ļs ēs Ās L ßs P ,w Q }w 2 Īw x + x , 5x / bx 6 x Éx g Ôx <| I Ų~ # > , + k X / Z @ ã ! Z : & N B # M E L [ ( ) 3 H T , A S 6 % . 5 = 7 8 Q - + ? K 1 G Y R > 9 J U ' / < W V O F C * P X 0 D @ " 2 $ ; I 4 ERROR - You must be root to run lokkit. Firewall Configuration A firewall sits between your computer and the network, and determines which resources on your computer remote users on the network are able to access. A properly configured firewall can greatly increase the out-of-the-box security of your system. Firewall Customization Choose which trusted devices and incoming services should be allowed for your network security settings. * FTP -- FTP is a protocol used for remote file transfer. If you plan on making your FTP server publicly available, enable this option. You need the vsftpd package installed for this option to be useful. * Mail (SMTP) -- This allows incoming SMTP mail delivery. If you need to allow remote hosts to connect directly to your machine to deliver mail, enable this option. You do not need to enable this if you collect your mail from your ISP's server by POP3 or IMAP, or if you use a tool such as fetchmail. Note that an improperly configured SMTP server can allow remote machines to use your server to send spam. * NFSv4 -- This allowed you to use the NFS version 4 protocol via TCP to share files. You will need to have the NFS tools installed and properly configure your NFS server for this option to be useful. * Other ports -- You can specify that other ports not listed here be allowed through the firewall. The format to use is 'port:protocol'. For example, if you wanted to allow IMAP access through your firewall, you can specify 'imap:tcp'. You can also specify numeric ports explicitly; to allow UDP packets on port 1234 through, specify '1234:udp'. To specify multiple ports, separate them by commas. * SSH -- Secure Shell (SSH) is a protocol for logging into and executing commands on remote machines. It provides secure encrypted communications. If you plan on accessing your machine remotely via SSH over a firewalled interface, enable this option. You need the openssh-server package installed for this option to be useful. * Samba Browsing -- This allows you to access access and participate in Windows file and printer sharing networks. You need the Samba package installed for this option to be useful * Secure WWW (HTTPS) -- HTTPS is a modified HTTP used to serve Web pages when security is important. Examples are sites that require logins like stores or web mail. This option is not required for viewing pages locally or developing Web pages. You need the httpd package installed for this option to be useful * Telnet -- Telnet is a protocol for logging into remote machines. It is unencrypted, and provides little security from network snooping attacks. Enabling telnet is not recommended. You need the telnet-server package installed for this option to be useful. * WWW (HTTP) -- HTTP is the protocol used to serve Web pages. If you plan on making your Web server publicly available, enable this option. This option is not required for viewing pages locally or developing Web pages. You need the httpd package installed for this option to be useful. Allow Incoming -- Enabling these options allows the specified services to pass through the firewall. Note, during a workstation-class installation, the majority of these services are not present on the system. Choose the appropriate security level for your system. Disabled -- Disabling the firewall allows complete access and does no security checking. It is recommended that this only be selected if you are running on a trusted network (not the Internet), or if you plan to do more detailed firewall configuration later. Enabled -- By choosing enabled, your system will not accept connections from the outside that are not explicitly defined by you. If you are connecting your system to the Internet, but do not plan to run a server, this is the safest choice. If additional services are needed, you can choose Customize to allow specific services through the firewall, or to implicitly trust traffic coming over certain interfaces. It is not recommended to enable this for devices that are connected to public networks, such as the Internet. Trusted Devices -- Checking these for any of your devices allows all traffic coming from that device to be allowed. For example, if you are running a local network, but are connecting to the Internet via a PPP dialup, you could check that eth0 is trusted to allow any traffic coming from your local network. <Tab>/<Alt-Tab> between elements | <Space> selects | <F12> next screen 'enforcing', 'permissive', or 'disabled' A firewall protects against unauthorized network intrusions. Enabling a firewall blocks all incoming connections. Disabling a firewall allows all connections and is not recommended. Add Port Allow all traffic on the specified device Allow incoming: Allow specific ports through the firewall Backwards compatibilty, aliased to --enabled Backwards compatiblity, ignored Cancel Changing this SELinux setting requires rebooting the system so the entire file system may be relabeled. Relabeling takes a long time depending on the file system. Would you like to continue with this setting and reboot the system after firstboot is complete? Changing to SELinux enabled will cause a relabel of the entire file system on the next boot. Relabeling takes a long time depending on the size of the file system. Do you wish to continue? Clicking the 'Yes' button will set the security level of the system and override any existing firewall configuration. Are you sure that you want to do this? Configure SELinux Configure SELinux Policy Configure firewall but do not activate it Configure system security level and firewall rules Customize Disable an iptables module Disable firewall Disabled Enable an iptables module Enable firewall (default) Enabled Enforcing FTP Firewall Firewall Configuration Firewall Configuration - Customize Firewall Customization Firewall: Invalid port given: '%s'. Please give a port number or service name. MASQUERADE Devices: Mail (SMTP) Masquerade Masquerades traffic from the specified device NFS4 Name OK Ok Other ports Permissive Please choose the security level for the system. Port(s): Protocol: Run noninteractively; process only command-line arguments SELinux SELinux Setting: SSH Samba Secure WWW (HTTPS) Security Enhanced Linux (SELinux) provides finer-grained security controls than those available in a traditional Linux system. It can be set up in a disabled state, a state which only warns about things which would be denied, or a fully active state. Most people should keep the default setting. Security Level Configuration Security Level and Firewall Security Level: Telnet Trusted Trusted Devices: Trusted services: Usually 'targeted' or 'strict' WWW (HTTP) You can customize your firewall in two ways. First, you can select to allow all traffic from certain network interfaces. Second, you can allow certain protocols explicitly through the firewall. Specify additional ports in the form 'service:protocol', such as 'imap:tcp'. You can use a firewall to allow access to specific services on your computer from other computers and prevent unauthorized access from the outside world. Which services, if any, do you wish to allow access to? _Firewall Options _SELinux device to masquerade device to trust ignore settings stored in /etc/sysconfig/system-config-securitylevel module to add module to remove port:protocol (e.g, ssh:tcp) Project-Id-Version: bn_IN Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: POT-Creation-Date: 2006-11-28 10:51-0500 PO-Revision-Date: 2006-11-13 18:58+0530 Last-Translator: Runa Bhattacharjee <runab@redhat.com> Language-Team: Bengali India MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit Generated-By: pygettext.py 1.4 X-Generator: KBabel 1.9.1 Plural-Forms: nplurals=2; plural=(n != 1); āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¸ā§āĻ¯āĻž - lokkit āĻāĻžāĻ˛āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ° āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ root āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻā§ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻāĻ°āĻž āĻāĻŦāĻļā§āĻ¯āĻāĨ¤ āĻĢāĻžā§āĻžāĻ°āĻā§āĻžāĻ˛ āĻāĻ¨āĻĢāĻŋāĻāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻļāĻ¨ āĻĢāĻžā§āĻžāĻ°āĻā§āĻžāĻ˛ āĻāĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ° āĻāĻŽā§āĻĒāĻŋāĻāĻāĻžāĻ° āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻ¨ā§āĻāĻā§āĻžāĻ°ā§āĻā§āĻ° āĻŽāĻ§ā§āĻ¯ā§ āĻ āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāĻ¨ āĻāĻ°ā§ āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻāĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ° 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āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻāĻ°ā§āĻ¨, āĻ¤āĻžāĻšāĻ˛ā§ āĻāĻ āĻ āĻĒāĻļāĻ¨āĻāĻŋ āĻ¸āĻā§āĻ°āĻŋā§ āĻ¨āĻž āĻāĻ°āĻžāĻ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āĻāĻ¨ā§ā§āĨ¤ āĻāĻ˛ā§āĻ˛ā§āĻā§āĻ¯, āĻāĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ° SMTP āĻ¸āĻžāĻ°ā§āĻāĻžāĻ°āĻāĻŋ āĻ¸āĻ āĻŋāĻāĻāĻžāĻŦā§ āĻāĻ¨āĻĢāĻŋāĻāĻžāĻ° āĻ¨āĻž āĻāĻ°āĻž āĻšāĻ˛ā§ āĻ āĻ¨ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻāĻŽā§āĻĒāĻŋāĻāĻāĻžāĻ° āĻāĻā§ āĻ āĻ¨āĻžāĻāĻžāĻā§āĻā§āĻˇāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻŽā§āĻāĻ˛ (Spam) āĻĒā§āĻ°ā§āĻ°āĻŖā§ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻāĻ°āĻ¤ā§ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§āĨ¤ * NFSv4 -- āĻāĻ° āĻĢāĻ˛ā§ TCP'āĻ° āĻŽāĻžāĻ§ā§āĻ¯āĻŽā§ NFS āĻ¸āĻāĻ¸ā§āĻāĻ°āĻŖ 4 āĻĒā§āĻ°ā§āĻā§āĻāĻ˛ āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻĢāĻžāĻāĻ˛ āĻ¯ā§āĻĨāĻ°ā§āĻĒā§ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻāĻ°āĻž āĻ¯āĻžāĻŦā§āĨ¤ āĻāĻ āĻŦāĻŋāĻāĻ˛ā§āĻĒ āĻāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ¯āĻāĻ°ā§ āĻāĻ°āĻžāĻ° āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ NFS tools āĻāĻ¨āĻ¸ā§āĻāĻ˛ āĻĨāĻžāĻāĻž āĻāĻŦāĻļā§āĻ¯āĻ āĻ NFS āĻ¸āĻžāĻ°ā§āĻāĻžāĻ° āĻ¸āĻ āĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĒā§ āĻāĻ¨āĻĢāĻŋāĻāĻžāĻ° āĻāĻ°ā§āĻ¨āĨ¤ * āĻ āĻ¨ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻĒā§āĻ°ā§āĻ -- āĻāĻ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ˛āĻŋāĻāĻžā§ āĻ āĻ¨ā§āĻĒāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻā§āĻ¨ā§ āĻĒā§āĻ°ā§āĻāĻā§ āĻĢāĻžā§āĻžāĻ°āĻā§āĻžāĻ˛ā§āĻ° āĻŽāĻ§ā§āĻ¯ā§ āĻĻāĻŋā§ā§ āĻ¯ā§āĻāĻžāĻ¯ā§āĻ āĻāĻ°āĻžāĻ° āĻ āĻ¨ā§āĻŽāĻ¤āĻŋ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĻāĻžāĻ¨ āĻāĻ°āĻ¤ā§ āĻšāĻ˛ā§ āĻāĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ¤āĻž āĻāĻ˛ā§āĻ˛ā§āĻ āĻāĻ°āĻ¤ā§ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ¨āĨ¤ āĻāĻ˛ā§āĻ˛ā§āĻ āĻāĻ°āĻžāĻ° āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ 'āĻĒā§āĻ°ā§āĻ:āĻĒā§āĻ°ā§āĻā§āĻāĻ˛' āĻŦāĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¸ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻāĻ°ā§āĻ¨āĨ¤ āĻāĻĻāĻžāĻšāĻ°āĻŖāĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻĒ, āĻ¯āĻĻāĻŋ āĻĢāĻžā§āĻžāĻ°āĻā§āĻžāĻ˛ā§āĻ° āĻŽāĻ§ā§āĻ¯ āĻĻāĻŋā§ā§ IMAP āĻ¸āĻāĻ¯ā§āĻ āĻāĻ˛āĻ¤ā§ āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¤ā§ āĻāĻžāĻ¨, āĻ¤āĻŦā§ āĻ˛āĻŋāĻā§āĻ¨ 'imap:tcp'āĨ¤ āĻāĻāĻžā§āĻž āĻ¸āĻ°āĻžāĻ¸āĻ°āĻŋ āĻĒā§āĻ°ā§āĻ āĻ¨āĻŽā§āĻŦāĻ°āĻ āĻ˛āĻŋāĻāĻ¤ā§ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ¨; āĻĢāĻžā§āĻžāĻ°āĻā§āĻžāĻ˛ā§āĻ° āĻŽāĻ§ā§āĻ¯ āĻĻāĻŋā§ā§ ā§§ā§¨ā§Šā§Ē āĻ¨āĻ āĻĒā§āĻ°ā§āĻā§ UDP āĻĒā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻā§āĻ āĻāĻĻāĻžāĻ¨-āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĻāĻžāĻ¨ āĻ āĻ¨ā§āĻŽā§āĻĻāĻ¨ āĻāĻ°āĻ¤ā§ āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¤ā§ āĻāĻžāĻāĻ˛ā§ āĻ˛āĻŋāĻā§āĻ¨ '1234:udp'āĨ¤ āĻāĻ° āĻāĻāĻžāĻ§āĻŋāĻ āĻĒā§āĻ°ā§āĻ āĻāĻ˛ā§āĻ˛ā§āĻ āĻāĻ°āĻ¤ā§ āĻšāĻ˛ā§ āĻ¸ā§āĻā§āĻ˛āĻŋ āĻāĻŽāĻžāĻāĻŋāĻšā§āĻ¨ āĻĻāĻŋā§ā§ āĻĒā§āĻĨāĻ āĻāĻ°ā§āĻ¨āĨ¤ * SSH -- Secure Shell (SSH) āĻĒā§āĻ°ā§āĻā§āĻāĻ˛ā§āĻ° āĻ¸āĻžāĻšāĻžāĻ¯ā§āĻ¯ā§ āĻĻā§āĻ°āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤ā§ āĻā§āĻ¨ā§ āĻāĻŽā§āĻĒāĻŋāĻāĻāĻžāĻ°ā§ āĻ˛āĻ-āĻāĻ¨ āĻāĻ°ā§ āĻāĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻĄ āĻāĻžāĻ˛āĻžāĻ¨ā§ āĻ¯āĻžā§āĨ¤ āĻāĻ¨āĻā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻĒāĻļāĻ¨ā§āĻ° āĻ¸āĻžāĻšāĻžāĻ¯ā§āĻ¯ā§ āĻāĻāĻŋ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°āĻžāĻĒāĻĻ āĻ¯ā§āĻāĻžāĻ¯ā§āĻ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻž āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāĻĒāĻ¨ āĻāĻ°ā§āĨ¤ SSH āĻĒā§āĻ°ā§āĻā§āĻ°āĻžāĻŽ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻāĻ°ā§ āĻĢāĻžā§āĻžāĻ°āĻā§āĻžāĻ˛ā§āĻ° āĻŽāĻ§ā§āĻ¯ā§ āĻĻāĻŋā§ā§ āĻāĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ° āĻāĻŽā§āĻĒāĻŋāĻāĻāĻžāĻ° āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻāĻ°āĻ¤ā§ āĻāĻā§āĻā§āĻ āĻšāĻ˛ā§ āĻāĻ āĻ āĻĒāĻļāĻ¨āĻāĻŋ āĻ¸āĻā§āĻ°āĻŋā§ āĻāĻ°ā§āĻ¨āĨ¤ āĻāĻ āĻ āĻĒāĻļāĻ¨āĻāĻŋ āĻāĻĒāĻ˛āĻŦā§āĻ§ āĻāĻ°āĻžāĻ° āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻāĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ° āĻāĻŽā§āĻĒāĻŋāĻāĻāĻžāĻ°ā§ openssh-server āĻĒā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻā§āĻāĻāĻŋ āĻāĻ¨āĻ¸ā§āĻāĻ˛ āĻāĻ°āĻž āĻāĻŦāĻļā§āĻ¯āĻāĨ¤ * Samba āĻŦā§āĻ°āĻžāĻāĻāĻŋāĻ -- āĻāĻ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāĻ° āĻ¸āĻžāĻšāĻžāĻ¯ā§āĻ¯ā§ āĻāĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ¯ā§āĻĨāĻ°ā§āĻĒā§ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšā§āĻ¤ Windows āĻĢāĻžāĻāĻ˛ āĻ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻāĻžāĻ° āĻ¨ā§āĻāĻā§āĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻāĻ°āĻ¤ā§ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°āĻŦā§āĻ¨āĨ¤ āĻāĻ āĻ āĻĒāĻļāĻ¨āĻāĻŋ āĻāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ¯āĻāĻ° āĻāĻ°āĻžāĻ° āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ Samba āĻĒā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻā§āĻāĻāĻŋ āĻāĻ¨āĻ¸ā§āĻāĻ˛ āĻĨāĻžāĻāĻž āĻāĻŦāĻļā§āĻ¯āĻ *āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°āĻžāĻĒāĻĻ WWW (HTTPS) -- āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°āĻžāĻĒāĻ¤ā§āĻ¤āĻžāĻ° āĻā§āĻ°ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻŦ āĻ āĻ§āĻŋāĻ āĻšāĻ˛ā§ HTTPS āĻĒā§āĻ°ā§āĻā§āĻāĻ˛ā§āĻ° āĻ¸āĻžāĻšāĻžāĻ¯ā§āĻ¯ā§ āĻā§ā§āĻŦāĻĒā§āĻ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¸ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻ¤ āĻāĻ°āĻž āĻšā§āĨ¤ āĻāĻĻāĻžāĻšāĻ°āĻŖāĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻĒ, āĻ˛āĻ-āĻāĻ¨ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ°āĻāĻžāĻ°ā§ āĻŦāĻžāĻŖāĻŋāĻā§āĻ¯āĻŋāĻ āĻā§ā§āĻŦ āĻ¸āĻžāĻāĻ āĨ¤ āĻ āĻĨāĻŦāĻž āĻā§ā§āĻŦ āĻŽā§āĻāĻ˛āĨ¤ āĻ¤āĻŦā§ āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāĻ¨ā§ā§ āĻāĻŽā§āĻĒāĻŋāĻāĻāĻžāĻ° āĻĨā§āĻā§ āĻā§ā§āĻŦāĻĒā§āĻ āĻĻā§āĻāĻ¤ā§ āĻ āĻĨāĻŦāĻž āĻ¤ā§āĻ°āĻŋ āĻāĻ°āĻžāĻ° āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻāĻ āĻ āĻĒāĻļāĻ¨āĻāĻŋāĻ° āĻĒā§āĻ°ā§ā§āĻāĻ¨ āĻ¨ā§āĻāĨ¤ āĻāĻ āĻ āĻĒāĻļāĻ¨āĻāĻŋ āĻāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ¯āĻāĻ°ā§ āĻāĻ°āĻžāĻ° āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ httpd āĻĒā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻā§āĻāĻāĻŋ āĻāĻ¨āĻ¸ā§āĻāĻ˛ āĻāĻ°āĻž āĻāĻŦāĻļā§āĻ¯āĻāĨ¤ * āĻā§āĻ˛āĻ¨ā§āĻ -- āĻā§āĻ˛āĻ¨ā§āĻ āĻĒā§āĻ°ā§āĻā§āĻāĻ˛ā§āĻ° āĻ¸āĻžāĻšāĻžāĻ¯ā§āĻ¯ā§ āĻĻā§āĻ°āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤ā§ āĻāĻŽā§āĻĒāĻŋāĻāĻāĻžāĻ°ā§ āĻ˛āĻ-āĻāĻ¨ āĻāĻ°āĻž āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻāĻŦāĨ¤ āĻā§āĻ˛āĻ¨ā§āĻ āĻāĻ¨āĻā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻĒāĻļāĻ¨āĻŦāĻŋāĻšā§āĻ¨ āĻ āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžā§ āĻ¤āĻĨā§āĻ¯ āĻāĻĻāĻžāĻ¨āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĻāĻžāĻ¨ āĻāĻ°ā§ āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻāĻ āĻāĻžāĻ°āĻŖā§ āĻ¨ā§āĻāĻā§āĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ āĻ¸ā§āĻ¨ā§āĻĒāĻŋāĻ-āĻ° (Snooping - āĻā§āĻŋ āĻĒāĻžāĻ¤āĻž ) āĻŦāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻā§āĻ§ā§ āĻāĻ° āĻā§āĻ¨ā§ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻ§ āĻ¨ā§āĻāĨ¤ āĻā§āĻ˛āĻ¨ā§āĻ āĻ¸āĻā§āĻ°āĻŋā§ āĻ¨āĻž āĻāĻ°āĻžāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°āĻžāĻŽāĻ°ā§āĻļ āĻĻā§āĻā§āĻž āĻ¯āĻžāĻā§āĻā§āĨ¤ āĻ āĻ¨ā§āĻ¤āĻ°āĻŽā§āĻā§ āĻā§āĻ˛āĻ¨ā§āĻ āĻ¸āĻāĻ¯ā§āĻ āĻāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ¯āĻāĻ°ā§ āĻāĻ°āĻžāĻ° āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ telnet-server āĻĒā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻā§āĻāĻāĻŋ āĻāĻ¨āĻ¸ā§āĻāĻ˛ āĻāĻ°āĻž āĻāĻŦāĻļā§āĻ¯āĻāĨ¤ * WWW (HTTP) -- HTTP āĻĒā§āĻ°ā§āĻā§āĻāĻ˛ā§āĻ° āĻ¸āĻžāĻšāĻžāĻ¯ā§āĻ¯ā§ āĻā§ā§āĻŦāĻĒā§āĻ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¸ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻ¤ āĻāĻ°āĻž āĻšā§āĨ¤ āĻ¸āĻžāĻ°ā§āĻŦāĻāĻ¨ā§āĻ¨ āĻ°ā§āĻĒā§ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ° āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻā§ā§āĻŦ āĻ¸āĻžāĻ°ā§āĻāĻžāĻ° āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻŽā§āĻā§āĻ¤ āĻ°āĻžāĻāĻ¤ā§ āĻšāĻ˛ā§ āĻāĻ āĻ āĻĒāĻļāĻ¨āĻāĻŋ āĻ¸āĻā§āĻ°āĻŋā§ āĻāĻ°ā§āĻ¨āĨ¤ āĻ¤āĻŦā§ āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāĻ¨ā§ā§ āĻāĻŽā§āĻĒāĻŋāĻāĻāĻžāĻ° āĻĨā§āĻā§ āĻā§ā§āĻŦāĻĒā§āĻ āĻĻā§āĻāĻ¤ā§ āĻ āĻĨāĻŦāĻž āĻ¤ā§āĻ°āĻŋ āĻāĻ°āĻžāĻ° āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻāĻ āĻ āĻĒāĻļāĻ¨āĻāĻŋāĻ° āĻĒā§āĻ°ā§ā§āĻāĻ¨ āĻ¨ā§āĻāĨ¤ āĻāĻ āĻ āĻĒāĻļāĻ¨āĻāĻŋ āĻāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ¯āĻāĻ°ā§ āĻāĻ°āĻžāĻ° āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ httpd āĻĒā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻā§āĻāĻāĻŋ āĻāĻ¨āĻ¸ā§āĻāĻ˛ āĻāĻ°āĻž āĻāĻŦāĻļā§āĻ¯āĻāĨ¤ āĻāĻāĻŽāĻ¨āĻāĻžāĻ°ā§ āĻ¯ā§āĻāĻžāĻ¯ā§āĻ āĻ āĻ¨ā§āĻŽā§āĻĻāĻ¨ āĻāĻ°āĻž āĻšāĻŦā§ -- āĻāĻ āĻ āĻĒāĻļāĻ¨āĻā§āĻ˛āĻŋ āĻ¸āĻā§āĻ°āĻŋā§ āĻāĻ°āĻ˛ā§ āĻāĻ˛ā§āĻ˛āĻŋāĻāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āĻ˛āĻŋ āĻĢāĻžā§āĻžāĻ°āĻā§āĻžāĻ˛ā§āĻ° āĻŽāĻ§ā§āĻ¯ā§ āĻĻāĻŋā§ā§ āĻ¯ā§āĻāĻžāĻ¯ā§āĻ āĻāĻ°āĻ¤ā§ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°āĻŦā§āĨ¤ āĻāĻ˛ā§āĻ˛ā§āĻā§āĻ¯, āĻā§āĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ-āĻ¸ā§āĻā§āĻļāĻ¨ āĻļā§āĻ°ā§āĻŖā§āĻ° āĻāĻ¨āĻ¸ā§āĻāĻ˛ā§āĻļāĻ¨ āĻāĻ°āĻž āĻšāĻ˛ā§ āĻāĻ āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ°āĻā§āĻ˛āĻŋāĻ° āĻ āĻ§āĻŋāĻāĻžāĻāĻļ āĻ¸āĻŋāĻ¸ā§āĻā§āĻŽā§ āĻāĻĒāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻĨāĻžāĻāĻŦā§ āĻ¨āĻžāĨ¤ āĻ āĻ¨ā§āĻā§āĻ°āĻš āĻāĻ°ā§ āĻāĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ° āĻ¸āĻŋāĻ¸ā§āĻā§āĻŽā§āĻ° āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻāĻĒāĻ¯ā§āĻā§āĻ¤ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°āĻžāĻĒāĻ¤ā§āĻ¤āĻžāĻ° āĻŽāĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻ°āĻž āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻŦāĻžāĻāĻ¨ āĻāĻ°ā§āĻ¨āĨ¤ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻˇā§āĻā§āĻ°āĻŋā§ (Disabled) -- āĻĢāĻžā§āĻžāĻ°āĻā§āĻžāĻ˛ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻˇā§āĻā§āĻ°āĻŋā§ āĻĨāĻžāĻāĻ˛ā§ āĻ¯ā§ āĻā§āĻ¨ā§ āĻ āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāĻ¨ āĻĨā§āĻā§ āĻāĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ° āĻāĻŽā§āĻĒāĻŋāĻāĻāĻžāĻ° āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻāĻ°āĻž āĻ¯āĻžāĻŦā§ āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻāĻā§āĻˇā§āĻ¤ā§āĻ°ā§ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°āĻžāĻĒāĻ¤ā§āĻ¤āĻžāĻā§āĻŋāĻ¤ āĻā§āĻ¨ā§ āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻā§āĻˇāĻž-āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻā§āĻˇāĻž āĻāĻ°āĻž āĻšā§ āĻ¨āĻžāĨ¤ āĻāĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ° āĻāĻŽā§āĻĒāĻŋāĻāĻāĻžāĻ°, āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°āĻžāĻĒāĻĻ āĻ¨ā§āĻāĻā§āĻžāĻ°ā§āĻā§āĻ° āĻ āĻāĻļ āĻšāĻ˛ā§ (āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻāĻžāĻ°āĻ¨ā§āĻ āĻ¨ā§) āĻ āĻĨāĻŦāĻž āĻāĻŦāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻ¯āĻ¤ā§ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ¸ā§āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻŋāĻ¤āĻāĻžāĻŦā§ āĻĢāĻžā§āĻžāĻ°āĻā§āĻžāĻ˛ āĻāĻ¨āĻĢāĻŋāĻāĻžāĻ° āĻāĻ°āĻžāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻāĻ˛ā§āĻĒāĻ¨āĻž āĻĨāĻžāĻāĻ˛ā§āĻ āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§ āĻĢāĻžā§āĻžāĻ°āĻā§āĻžāĻ˛ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻˇā§āĻā§āĻ°āĻŋā§ āĻ āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžā§ āĻ°āĻžāĻāĻžāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°āĻžāĻŽāĻ°ā§āĻļ āĻĻā§āĻā§āĻž āĻšāĻā§āĻā§āĨ¤ āĻ¸āĻā§āĻ°āĻŋā§ (Enabled) -- āĻāĻāĻŋ āĻŦā§āĻā§ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ˛ā§ āĻāĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ° āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻ¸ā§āĻ¸ā§āĻĒāĻˇā§āĻāĻāĻžāĻŦā§ āĻāĻ˛ā§āĻ˛āĻŋāĻāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻ¸āĻāĻ¯ā§āĻāĻā§āĻ˛āĻŋ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻ¤ā§āĻ¤ āĻŦāĻžāĻāĻ°ā§ āĻā§āĻĒāĻ¨ā§āĻ¨ āĻ āĻ¨ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¸ā§āĻ¤ āĻ¸āĻāĻ¯ā§āĻ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¤ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨ āĻāĻ°āĻž āĻšāĻŦā§āĨ¤ āĻā§āĻ¨ā§ āĻ¸āĻžāĻ°ā§āĻāĻžāĻ° āĻ¨āĻž āĻāĻžāĻ˛āĻŋā§ā§ āĻ¯āĻĻāĻŋ āĻāĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻāĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ° āĻāĻŽā§āĻĒāĻŋāĻāĻāĻžāĻ° āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻāĻžāĻ°āĻ¨ā§āĻā§āĻ° āĻ¸āĻžāĻĨā§ āĻ¸āĻāĻ¯ā§āĻā§āĻ¤ āĻāĻ°āĻžāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻāĻ˛ā§āĻĒāĻ¨āĻž āĻāĻ°ā§āĻ¨ āĻ¤āĻžāĻšāĻ˛ā§ āĻāĻ āĻāĻĒāĻžā§āĻāĻŋ āĻ¸āĻ°ā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ§āĻŋāĻ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°āĻžāĻĒāĻĻāĨ¤ āĻāĻŦāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻ¯āĻ¤ā§ āĻ¯āĻĻāĻŋ āĻ āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ°āĻŋāĻā§āĻ¤ āĻā§āĻ¨ā§ āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻž āĻāĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ¸āĻā§āĻ°āĻŋā§ āĻāĻ°āĻ¤ā§ āĻāĻā§āĻā§āĻ āĻĨāĻžāĻāĻ˛ā§ 'āĻĒāĻāĻ¨ā§āĻĻ āĻ āĻ¨ā§āĻ¯āĻžā§ā§ āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤āĻ¨' āĻŦā§āĻā§ āĻ¨āĻŋā§ā§ āĻĢāĻžā§āĻžāĻ°āĻā§āĻžāĻ˛ā§āĻ° āĻŽāĻ§ā§āĻ¯ā§ āĻĻāĻŋā§ā§ āĻ¸āĻāĻļā§āĻ˛āĻŋāĻˇā§āĻ āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻž āĻ āĻĨāĻŦāĻž āĻā§ā§āĻāĻāĻŋ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻ āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻāĻžāĻ°āĻĢā§āĻ¸ āĻĨā§āĻā§ āĻāĻāĻŽāĻ¨āĻāĻžāĻ°ā§ āĻ¯ā§āĻāĻžāĻ¯ā§āĻ āĻ āĻ¨ā§āĻŽā§āĻĻāĻ¨ āĻāĻ°āĻ¤ā§ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ¨āĨ¤ āĻ¸āĻžāĻ°ā§āĻŦāĻāĻ¨ā§āĻ¨ āĻ¨ā§āĻāĻā§āĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ, āĻ¯ā§āĻŽāĻ¨ āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻāĻžāĻ°āĻ¨ā§āĻā§āĻ° āĻ¸āĻžāĻĨā§ āĻ¯ā§āĻā§āĻ¤ āĻĄāĻŋāĻāĻžāĻāĻ¸ā§āĻ° āĻā§āĻˇā§āĻ¤ā§āĻ°ā§ āĻāĻāĻŋ āĻ¸āĻā§āĻ°āĻŋā§ āĻ¨āĻž āĻāĻ°āĻžāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°āĻžāĻŽāĻ°ā§āĻļ āĻĻā§āĻā§āĻž āĻšāĻā§āĻā§āĨ¤ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻ¤ āĻĄāĻŋāĻāĻžāĻāĻ¸ -- āĻā§āĻ¨ā§ āĻĄāĻŋāĻāĻžāĻāĻ¸āĻā§ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻ¤ āĻĄāĻŋāĻāĻžāĻāĻ¸ āĻšāĻŋāĻ¸āĻžāĻŦā§ āĻāĻŋāĻšā§āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¤ āĻāĻ°āĻž āĻšāĻ˛ā§ āĻ¸ā§āĻ āĻĄāĻŋāĻāĻžāĻāĻ¸āĻāĻŋ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻāĻ°ā§ āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻāĻžāĻ˛āĻŋāĻ¤ āĻ¸āĻ°ā§āĻŦāĻĒā§āĻ°āĻāĻžāĻ° āĻ¯ā§āĻāĻžāĻ¯ā§āĻ āĻ āĻ¨ā§āĻŽā§āĻĻāĻ¨ āĻāĻ°āĻž āĻšāĻŦā§āĨ¤ āĻāĻĻāĻžāĻšāĻ°āĻŖāĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻĒ, āĻāĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ° āĻāĻŽā§āĻĒāĻŋāĻāĻāĻžāĻ°āĻāĻŋ āĻ¯āĻĻāĻŋ āĻāĻāĻ āĻ¸āĻŽā§ā§ āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāĻ¨ā§ā§ āĻ¨ā§āĻāĻā§āĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ āĻāĻŦāĻ PPP āĻĄāĻžā§āĻžāĻ˛-āĻāĻĒā§āĻ° āĻŽāĻžāĻ§ā§āĻ¯āĻŽā§ āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻāĻžāĻ°āĻ¨ā§āĻā§ āĻ¯ā§āĻā§āĻ¤ āĻšā§, āĻ¤āĻŦā§ eth0-āĻā§ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻ¤ āĻĄāĻŋāĻāĻžāĻāĻ¸ āĻšāĻŋāĻ¸āĻžāĻŦā§ āĻŦā§āĻā§ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ˛ā§ āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāĻ¨ā§ā§ āĻ¨ā§āĻāĻā§āĻžāĻ°ā§āĻā§āĻ° āĻ¸āĻžāĻĨā§ āĻ¸āĻŦ āĻ°āĻāĻŽā§āĻ° āĻ¯ā§āĻāĻžāĻ¯ā§āĻ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ¨āĻž āĻŦāĻžāĻāĻ§āĻžā§ āĻāĻžāĻ˛āĻžāĻ¨ā§ āĻ¯āĻžāĻŦā§āĨ¤ <Tab>/<Alt-Tab> āĻŦāĻŋāĻāĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¨ āĻŦāĻŋāĻˇā§ā§āĻ° āĻŽāĻ§ā§āĻ¯ā§ āĻ āĻĻāĻ˛āĻŦāĻĻāĻ˛ | <Space> āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻŦāĻžāĻāĻ¨ | <F12> āĻĒāĻ°āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤ā§ āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻĻāĻž 'enforcing', 'permissive', āĻ āĻĨāĻŦāĻž 'disabled' āĻĢāĻžā§āĻžāĻ°āĻā§āĻžāĻ˛ āĻāĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ° āĻāĻŽā§āĻĒāĻŋāĻāĻāĻžāĻ°āĻā§ āĻ¨ā§āĻāĻā§āĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ āĻāĻĻā§āĻā§āĻ¤ āĻ āĻ¨ā§āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻŦā§āĻļ āĻĨā§āĻā§ āĻ°āĻā§āĻˇāĻž āĻāĻ°ā§āĨ¤ āĻĢāĻžā§āĻžāĻ°āĻā§āĻžāĻ˛ āĻ¸āĻā§āĻ°āĻŋā§ āĻāĻ°āĻž āĻšāĻ˛ā§ āĻ¸āĻāĻ˛ āĻ āĻ¨ā§āĻ¤āĻ°ā§āĻŽā§āĻā§ āĻ¸āĻāĻ¯ā§āĻ āĻŦāĻ¨ā§āĻ§ āĻāĻ°ā§ āĻĻā§āĻā§āĻž āĻšāĻŦā§āĨ¤ āĻāĻ° āĻĢāĻžā§āĻžāĻ°āĻā§āĻžāĻ˛ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻˇā§āĻā§āĻ°āĻŋā§ āĻĨāĻžāĻāĻ˛ā§ āĻ¸āĻāĻ˛ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻāĻžāĻ° āĻ¸āĻāĻ¯ā§āĻ āĻ āĻ¨ā§āĻŽā§āĻĻāĻ¨ āĻāĻ°āĻž āĻšāĻ˛ā§āĻ āĻāĻ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāĻāĻŋ āĻ āĻŦāĻ˛āĻŽā§āĻŦāĻ¨ āĻ¨āĻž āĻāĻ°āĻžāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°āĻžāĻŽāĻ°ā§āĻļ āĻĻā§āĻā§āĻž āĻ¯āĻžāĻā§āĻā§āĨ¤ āĻĒā§āĻ°ā§āĻ āĻ¯ā§āĻ āĻāĻ°ā§āĻ¨ āĻāĻ˛ā§āĻ˛āĻŋāĻāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻĄāĻŋāĻāĻžāĻāĻ¸ā§āĻ° āĻ¸āĻžāĻĨā§ āĻ¸āĻāĻļā§āĻ˛āĻŋāĻˇā§āĻ āĻ¸āĻāĻ˛ āĻ¯ā§āĻāĻžāĻ¯ā§āĻ āĻ āĻ¨ā§āĻŽā§āĻĻāĻ¨ āĻāĻ°āĻž āĻšāĻŦā§ āĻāĻāĻŽāĻ¨āĻāĻžāĻ°ā§ āĻ¯ā§āĻāĻžāĻ¯ā§āĻ āĻ āĻ¨ā§āĻŽā§āĻĻāĻ¨ āĻāĻ°āĻž āĻšāĻŦā§: āĻĢāĻžā§āĻžāĻ°āĻā§āĻžāĻ˛ā§āĻ° āĻŽāĻ§ā§āĻ¯ā§ āĻĻāĻŋā§ā§ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻ āĻāĻŋāĻā§ āĻĒā§āĻ°ā§āĻā§āĻ° āĻ¯ā§āĻāĻžāĻ¯ā§āĻ āĻ āĻ¨ā§āĻŽā§āĻĻāĻ¨ āĻāĻ°āĻž āĻšāĻŦā§ āĻĒā§āĻ°ā§āĻŦāĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤ā§ āĻ¸āĻāĻ¸ā§āĻāĻ°āĻŖā§āĻ° āĻ¸āĻžāĻĨā§ āĻ¸āĻžāĻŽāĻā§āĻāĻ¸ā§āĻ¯, āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻā§āĻļ āĻāĻ°āĻā§ --enabled āĻ¨āĻžāĻŽāĻ āĻ āĻĒāĻļāĻ¨ āĻĒā§āĻ°ā§āĻŦāĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤ā§ āĻ¸āĻāĻ¸ā§āĻāĻ°āĻŖā§āĻ° āĻ¸āĻžāĻĨā§ āĻ¸āĻžāĻŽāĻā§āĻāĻ¸ā§āĻ¯, āĻāĻĒā§āĻā§āĻˇāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻŦāĻžāĻ¤āĻŋāĻ˛ SELinux-āĻ° āĻŦā§āĻļāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻā§āĻ¯ āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤āĻ¨ āĻāĻ°āĻž āĻšāĻ˛ā§, āĻĒāĻ°āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ° āĻŦā§āĻ āĻāĻ°āĻžāĻ° āĻĒā§āĻ°ā§āĻŦā§ āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¸ā§āĻ¤ āĻĢāĻžāĻāĻ˛-āĻ¸āĻŋāĻ¸ā§āĻā§āĻŽā§āĻ° āĻ˛ā§āĻŦā§āĻ˛ā§āĻ° āĻ¨āĻžāĻŽ āĻĒā§āĻ¨āĻ°āĻžā§ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻ§āĻžāĻ°āĻŖā§āĻ° āĻĒā§āĻ°ā§ā§āĻāĻ¨ āĻšāĻŦā§āĨ¤ āĻĒā§āĻ¨āĻ°āĻžā§ āĻ˛ā§āĻŦā§āĻ˛ āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤āĻ¨ā§āĻ° āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻā§āĻ¤ āĻ¸āĻŽā§ āĻĢāĻžāĻāĻ˛-āĻ¸āĻŋāĻ¸ā§āĻā§āĻŽā§āĻ° āĻŽāĻžāĻĒā§āĻ° āĻāĻĒāĻ° āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻāĻ° āĻāĻ°ā§āĨ¤ āĻāĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻāĻŋ āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ āĻŦā§āĻļāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻā§āĻ¯ āĻĒā§āĻ°ā§ā§āĻ āĻāĻ°ā§ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĨāĻŽā§ firstboot āĻ¸āĻŽāĻžāĻĒā§āĻ¤ āĻāĻ°ā§ āĻ¸āĻŋāĻ¸ā§āĻā§āĻŽ āĻĒā§āĻ¨āĻ°āĻžā§ āĻŦā§āĻ āĻāĻ°āĻ¤ā§ āĻāĻā§āĻā§āĻ ? SELinux-āĻ° āĻ āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻž enabled'āĻ āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤āĻ¨ āĻāĻ°āĻž āĻšāĻ˛ā§, āĻĒāĻ°āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ° āĻŦā§āĻ āĻāĻ°āĻžāĻ° āĻĒā§āĻ°ā§āĻŦā§ āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¸ā§āĻ¤ āĻĢāĻžāĻāĻ˛-āĻ¸āĻŋāĻ¸ā§āĻā§āĻŽā§āĻ° āĻ˛ā§āĻŦā§āĻ˛ā§āĻ° āĻ¨āĻžāĻŽ āĻĒā§āĻ¨āĻ°āĻžā§ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻ§āĻžāĻ°āĻŖ āĻāĻ°āĻžāĻ° āĻĒā§āĻ°ā§ā§āĻāĻ¨ āĻšāĻŦā§āĨ¤ āĻĒā§āĻ¨āĻ°āĻžā§ āĻ˛ā§āĻŦā§āĻ˛ āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤āĻ¨ā§āĻ° āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻā§āĻ¤ āĻ¸āĻŽā§ āĻĢāĻžāĻāĻ˛-āĻ¸āĻŋāĻ¸ā§āĻā§āĻŽā§āĻ° āĻŽāĻžāĻĒā§āĻ° āĻāĻĒāĻ° āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻāĻ° āĻāĻ°ā§āĨ¤ āĻāĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻāĻŋ āĻ āĻā§āĻ°āĻ¸āĻ° āĻšāĻ¤ā§ āĻāĻā§āĻā§āĻ? 'āĻšā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ' āĻļā§āĻ°ā§āĻˇāĻ āĻŦāĻžāĻāĻ¨ āĻā§āĻĒāĻž āĻšāĻ˛ā§ āĻā§āĻ¨ā§ āĻāĻĒāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻĢāĻžā§āĻžāĻ°āĻā§āĻžāĻ˛ āĻāĻ¨āĻĢāĻŋāĻāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻļāĻ¨ āĻ āĻā§āĻ°āĻžāĻšā§āĻ¯ āĻāĻ°ā§ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°āĻžāĻĒāĻ¤ā§āĻ¤āĻžāĻ° āĻŽāĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻ°āĻž āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻ§āĻžāĻ°āĻŖ āĻāĻ°āĻž āĻšāĻŦā§āĨ¤ āĻāĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻāĻŋ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻļā§āĻāĻŋāĻ¤āĻ°ā§āĻĒā§ āĻāĻ āĻāĻ°ā§āĻŽ āĻāĻ°āĻ¤ā§ āĻāĻā§āĻā§āĻ? SELinux āĻāĻ¨āĻĢāĻŋāĻāĻžāĻ° āĻāĻ°ā§āĻ¨ SELinux āĻ¨āĻŋā§āĻŽāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤āĻŋ āĻāĻ¨āĻĢāĻŋāĻāĻžāĻ° āĻāĻ°ā§āĻ¨ āĻĢāĻžā§āĻžāĻ°āĻā§āĻžāĻ˛ āĻāĻ¨āĻĢāĻŋāĻāĻžāĻ° āĻāĻ°āĻž āĻšāĻŦā§ āĻāĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§ āĻ¸āĻā§āĻ°āĻŋā§ āĻāĻ°āĻž āĻšāĻŦā§ āĻ¨āĻž āĻ¸āĻŋāĻ¸ā§āĻā§āĻŽ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°āĻžāĻĒāĻ¤ā§āĻ¤āĻžāĻ° āĻŽāĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻ°āĻž āĻ āĻĢāĻžā§āĻžāĻ°āĻā§āĻžāĻ˛ā§āĻ° āĻ¨āĻŋā§āĻŽāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤āĻŋ āĻāĻ¨āĻĢāĻŋāĻāĻžāĻ° āĻāĻ°ā§āĻ¨ āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻŦāĻžāĻāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ iptables āĻŽāĻĄāĻŋāĻāĻ˛ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻˇā§āĻā§āĻ°āĻŋā§ āĻāĻ°āĻž āĻšāĻŦā§ āĻĢāĻžā§āĻžāĻ°āĻā§āĻžāĻ˛ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻˇā§āĻā§āĻ°āĻŋā§ āĻāĻ°āĻž āĻšāĻŦā§ Disabled (āĻ¨āĻŋāĻˇā§āĻā§āĻ°āĻŋā§) āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ iptables āĻŽāĻĄāĻŋāĻāĻ˛ āĻ¸āĻā§āĻ°āĻŋā§ āĻāĻ°āĻž āĻšāĻŦā§ āĻĢāĻžā§āĻžāĻ°āĻā§āĻžāĻ˛ āĻ¸āĻā§āĻ°āĻŋā§ āĻāĻ°āĻž āĻšāĻŦā§ (āĻĄāĻŋāĻĢāĻ˛ā§āĻ) Enabled (āĻ¸āĻā§āĻ°āĻŋā§) Enforcing (āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻĒā§āĻ°ā§āĻŖ āĻ¸āĻā§āĻ°āĻŋā§) FTP āĻĢāĻžā§āĻžāĻ°āĻā§āĻžāĻ˛ āĻĢāĻžā§āĻžāĻ°āĻā§āĻžāĻ˛ āĻāĻ¨āĻĢāĻŋāĻāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻļāĻ¨ āĻĢāĻžā§āĻžāĻ°āĻā§āĻžāĻ˛ āĻāĻ¨āĻĢāĻŋāĻāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻļāĻ¨ - āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ°āĻāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ° āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻŦāĻžāĻāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻĢāĻžā§āĻžāĻ°āĻā§āĻžāĻ˛ā§āĻ° āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻŦāĻžāĻāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻŦā§āĻļāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻā§āĻ¯ āĻĢāĻžā§āĻžāĻ°āĻā§āĻžāĻ˛: āĻ āĻŦā§āĻ§ āĻĒā§āĻ°ā§āĻ āĻ¸āĻāĻā§āĻ¯āĻž āĻāĻ˛ā§āĻ˛āĻŋāĻāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻšā§ā§āĻā§: '%s'āĨ¤ āĻ āĻ¨ā§āĻā§āĻ°āĻš āĻāĻ°ā§ āĻĒā§āĻ°ā§āĻā§āĻ° āĻ¸āĻāĻā§āĻ¯āĻž āĻ āĻĨāĻŦāĻž āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ° āĻ¨āĻžāĻŽ āĻāĻ˛ā§āĻ˛ā§āĻ āĻāĻ°ā§āĻ¨āĨ¤ MASQUERADE āĻĄāĻŋāĻāĻžāĻāĻ¸: āĻŽā§āĻāĻ˛ (SMTP) Masquerade āĻ¨āĻŋāĻĻāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻ āĻĄāĻŋāĻāĻžāĻāĻ¸ āĻĨā§āĻā§ āĻā§āĻĒāĻ¨ā§āĻ¨ āĻā§āĻ°āĻžāĻĢāĻŋāĻ masquerade āĻāĻ°āĻž āĻšāĻŦā§ NFS4 āĻ¨āĻžāĻŽ āĻ āĻŋāĻ āĻāĻā§ āĻ āĻŋāĻ āĻāĻā§ āĻ āĻ¨ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻĒā§āĻ°ā§āĻ Permissive (āĻ¸āĻ¤āĻ°ā§āĻāĻ¤āĻžāĻŽā§āĻ˛āĻ) āĻ āĻ¨ā§āĻā§āĻ°āĻš āĻāĻ°ā§ āĻāĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ° āĻ¸āĻŋāĻ¸ā§āĻā§āĻŽā§āĻ° āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻāĻĒāĻ¯ā§āĻā§āĻ¤ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°āĻžāĻĒāĻ¤ā§āĻ¤āĻžāĻ° āĻŽāĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻ°āĻž āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻŦāĻžāĻāĻ¨ āĻāĻ°ā§āĻ¨āĨ¤ āĻĒā§āĻ°ā§āĻ: āĻĒā§āĻ°ā§āĻā§āĻāĻ˛: āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻāĻžāĻ°āĻ ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻāĻāĻŋāĻāĻāĻžāĻŦā§ āĻāĻžāĻ˛āĻžāĻ¨ā§ āĻšāĻŦā§ āĻ¨āĻž; āĻļā§āĻ§ā§āĻŽāĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻ° āĻāĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻĄ-āĻ˛āĻžāĻāĻ¨ āĻāĻ°ā§āĻā§āĻŽā§āĻ¨ā§āĻ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻāĻ°āĻž āĻšāĻŦā§ SELinux SELinux āĻ¸āĻāĻā§āĻ°āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ āĻŦā§āĻļāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻā§āĻ¯: SSH Samba āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°āĻžāĻĒāĻĻ WWW (HTTPS) āĻĒāĻžāĻ°āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻ Linux āĻ¸āĻŋāĻ¸ā§āĻā§āĻŽā§ āĻāĻĒāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻ¸ā§āĻ°āĻā§āĻˇāĻž āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāĻ° āĻ¤ā§āĻ˛āĻ¨āĻžā§ Security Enhanced Linux (SELinux) āĻ āĻ¤ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ§āĻŋāĻ āĻĒā§āĻā§āĻāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻĒā§āĻā§āĻ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°āĻžāĻĒāĻ¤ā§āĻ¤āĻž āĻ¨āĻŋā§āĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻ°āĻŖ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻž āĻāĻĒāĻ˛āĻŦā§āĻ§ āĻāĻ°ā§āĨ¤ āĻāĻāĻŋ āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¨ āĻ āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžā§ āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāĻĒāĻ¨ āĻāĻ°āĻž āĻ¯āĻžāĻŦā§: āĻ¨āĻŋāĻˇā§āĻā§āĻ°āĻŋā§ (Disabled), āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻ§ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻž āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻā§ āĻ¸āĻ¤āĻ°ā§āĻāĻ¤āĻžāĻŽā§āĻ˛āĻ (Permissive) āĻ āĻĨāĻŦāĻž āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻĒā§āĻ°ā§āĻŖ āĻ¸āĻā§āĻ°āĻŋā§ āĻ āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžā§ (Enforcing)āĨ¤ āĻ āĻ§āĻŋāĻāĻžāĻāĻļ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ°āĻāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ°āĻž āĻĄāĻŋāĻĢāĻ˛ā§āĻ āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ āĻ āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¤ āĻ°āĻžāĻā§āĻ¨āĨ¤ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°āĻžāĻĒāĻ¤ā§āĻ¤āĻž āĻŽāĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻ°āĻžāĻ° āĻāĻ¨āĻĢāĻŋāĻāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻļāĻ¨ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°āĻžāĻĒāĻ¤ā§āĻ¤āĻžāĻ° āĻŽāĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻ°āĻž āĻ āĻĢāĻžā§āĻžāĻ°āĻā§āĻžāĻ˛ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°āĻžāĻĒāĻ¤ā§āĻ¤āĻžāĻ° āĻŽāĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻ°āĻž: Telnet āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻ¤ āĻĄāĻŋāĻāĻžāĻāĻ¸ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻ¤ āĻĄāĻŋāĻāĻžāĻāĻ¸: āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻ¤ āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻž: āĻ¸āĻžāĻ§āĻžāĻ°āĻŖāĻ¤ 'targeted' āĻ āĻĨāĻŦāĻž 'strict' WWW (HTTP) āĻāĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻĻā§āĻāĻāĻžāĻŦā§ āĻĢāĻžā§āĻžāĻ°āĻā§āĻžāĻ˛āĻā§ āĻāĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ° āĻĒāĻāĻ¨ā§āĻĻ āĻ āĻ¨ā§āĻ¯āĻžā§ā§ āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤āĻ¨ āĻāĻ°āĻ¤ā§ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ¨āĨ¤ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĨāĻŽāĻ¤, āĻā§āĻ¨ā§ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻ āĻ¨ā§āĻāĻā§āĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻāĻžāĻ°āĻĢā§āĻ¸ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻāĻ°ā§ āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻāĻžāĻ˛āĻŋāĻ¤ āĻ¸āĻāĻ˛ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻāĻžāĻ° āĻ¯ā§āĻāĻžāĻ¯ā§āĻ āĻ āĻ¨ā§āĻŽā§āĻĻāĻ¨ āĻāĻ°āĻ¤ā§ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ¨āĨ¤ āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻŋāĻ¤ā§ā§āĻ¤, āĻĢāĻžā§āĻžāĻ°āĻā§āĻžāĻ˛ā§āĻ° āĻŽāĻ§ā§āĻ¯ āĻĻāĻŋā§ā§ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻ āĻāĻŋāĻā§ āĻĒā§āĻ°ā§āĻā§āĻāĻ˛ā§āĻ° āĻ¯ā§āĻāĻžāĻ¯ā§āĻ āĻ āĻ¨ā§āĻŽā§āĻĻāĻ¨ āĻāĻ°āĻ¤ā§ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ¨āĨ¤ āĻ āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ°āĻŋāĻā§āĻ¤ āĻĒā§āĻ°ā§āĻ āĻāĻ˛ā§āĻ˛ā§āĻ āĻāĻ°āĻžāĻ° āĻŦāĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¸ - 'āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻž:āĻĒā§āĻ°ā§āĻā§āĻāĻ˛', āĻ¯ā§āĻŽāĻ¨, 'imap:tcp'āĨ¤ āĻāĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ° āĻāĻŽā§āĻĒāĻŋāĻāĻāĻžāĻ°ā§ āĻ āĻ¨āĻ§āĻŋāĻāĻžāĻ° āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻŦā§āĻļ āĻ°ā§āĻ§ āĻāĻ°āĻžāĻ° āĻāĻĻā§āĻĻā§āĻļā§āĻ¯ā§ āĻĢāĻžā§āĻžāĻ°āĻā§āĻžāĻ˛ā§āĻ° āĻŽāĻžāĻ§ā§āĻ¯āĻŽā§ āĻ āĻ¨ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻāĻŽā§āĻĒāĻŋāĻāĻāĻžāĻ° āĻĨā§āĻā§ āĻāĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ° āĻāĻŽā§āĻĒāĻŋāĻāĻāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ° āĻā§ā§āĻāĻāĻŋ āĻ¸ā§āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻ āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻž āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ° āĻ āĻ¨ā§āĻŽāĻ¤āĻŋ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĻāĻžāĻ¨ āĻāĻ°āĻ¤ā§ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°āĻŦā§āĻ¨āĨ¤ āĻā§āĻ¨ā§ āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻž āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ° āĻ āĻ¨ā§āĻŽāĻ¤āĻŋ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĻāĻžāĻ¨ āĻāĻ°āĻ¤ā§ āĻšāĻ˛ā§ āĻ¸ā§āĻā§āĻ˛āĻŋ āĻāĻŋāĻšā§āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¤ āĻāĻ°ā§āĻ¨āĨ¤ āĻĢāĻžā§āĻžāĻ°āĻā§āĻžāĻ˛ āĻ¸āĻāĻā§āĻ°āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ āĻ āĻĒāĻļāĻ¨ (_F) _SELinux āĻ¯ā§ āĻĄāĻŋāĻāĻžāĻāĻ¸āĻā§ masquerade āĻāĻ°āĻž āĻšāĻŦā§ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻ¤ āĻĄāĻŋāĻāĻžāĻāĻ¸ /etc/sysconfig/system-config-securitylevel āĻ¨āĻžāĻŽāĻ āĻĢāĻžāĻāĻ˛ā§ āĻ¸āĻāĻ°āĻā§āĻˇāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ āĻ āĻā§āĻ°āĻžāĻšā§āĻ¯ āĻāĻ°āĻž āĻšāĻŦā§ āĻ¯ā§āĻ āĻāĻ°āĻžāĻ° āĻāĻĻā§āĻĻā§āĻļā§āĻ¯ā§ āĻāĻŋāĻšā§āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¤ āĻŽāĻĄāĻŋāĻāĻ˛ āĻ āĻĒāĻ¸āĻžāĻ°āĻŖā§āĻ° āĻāĻĻā§āĻĻā§āĻļā§āĻ¯ā§ āĻāĻŋāĻšā§āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¤ āĻŽāĻĄāĻŋāĻāĻ˛ āĻĒā§āĻ°ā§āĻ:āĻĒā§āĻ°ā§āĻā§āĻāĻ˛ (āĻ¯ā§āĻŽāĻ¨, ssh:tcp)